| 单词 | 粗糙的 |
| 释义 | 〔balmacaan〕A loose, full overcoat with raglan sleeves, originally made of rough woolen cloth.宽身连肩袖大衣：一种宽松的带套袖的大衣，最早用粗糙的羊毛织品制成〔husky〕Hoarse or rough in quality:沙哑的，粗糙的：〔pumpkin〕A coarse, trailing vine(Cucurbita pepo) widely cultivated for its fruit. 南瓜：一种由于果实可食而广泛种植的粗糙的攀蔓植物（西葫芦 南瓜属） 〔diaper〕aspros [white] probably from Latin asper [rough] aspros [白色] 可能源自 拉丁语 asper [粗糙的] 〔horsy〕a horsy bureau; horsy illustrations on the page.臃肿的办事机构；版面上粗糙的插图〔gaberdine〕A long, coarse cloak or frock worn especially by Jews during the Middle Ages. Also called gabardine 粗布长袍：尤指中世纪犹太人穿的一种质地粗糙的长披风 也作 gabardine〔fine〕Consisting of very small particles; not coarse:细微的，微粒的：包含非常小的粒子的；不粗糙的：〔hide〕The skin of an animal, especially the thick, tough skin or pelt of a large animal.兽皮：动物的皮，特指动物厚密、粗糙的生皮或毛皮〔canvas〕A fabric of coarse open weave, used as a foundation for needlework.刺绣底布：一种粗糙的有间隙的织物，用来作裁缝中的衬里〔rappee〕A strong snuff made from a dark, coarse tobacco.浓烈粗鼻烟：一种由暗色，粗糙的烟草制成的强烈的鼻烟〔scuff〕A worn or rough spot resulting from scraping.磨损处：由于摩擦而穿破或粗糙的地方〔corduroy〕obsolete duroy [a coarse woolen fabric] 废语 duroy [一种粗糙的羊毛织物] 〔boast〕To shape or form (stone) roughly with a broad chisel.粗雕： 用一宽凿子粗糙的塑造或雕刻（石头）〔levigate〕To separate fine particles from coarse by grinding in water.澄清，淘选：通过水磨把精细的颗粒从粗糙的颗粒中分离出来〔hogweed〕Any of certain coarse, weedy plants of the generaAmbrosia, Erigeron, or Heracleum. 猪草：各种杂草或粗糙的肠草，正蓬 或 独河 属植物 〔cementum〕from Latin caementum [rough stone] * see cement 源自 拉丁语 caementum [粗糙的石头] * 参见 cement〔vellum〕A heavy off-white fine-quality paper resembling this parchment.仿犊皮纸；仿羊皮纸：类似精制犊皮或羊皮纸的一种粗糙的、黄白色的优质纸张〔scrape〕To remove (an outer layer, for example) from a surface by forceful strokes of an edged or rough instrument:刮除，擦掉：用带梭或者粗糙的工具把（例如，最外层的物体）从表面移走：〔ulster〕A loose, long overcoat made of heavy, rugged fabric and often belted.乌尔斯特大衣：用厚重粗糙的料子做的、一种常带有腰带的宽松大衣〔rasp〕To file or scrape with a coarse file having sharp projections.粗锉：用粗糙的锉子擦，锉或刮，发出刺耳的声音〔toil〕"A bit of the blackest and coarsest bread is . . . the sole recompense and the sole profit attaching to so arduous a toil"(George Sand)See Synonyms at work “一小块黑得不能再黑，粗糙得不能再粗糙的面包是…这样一种艰苦的工作的唯一的补偿和唯一的收益。”(乔治·桑) 参见 work〔gruff〕Hoarse; harsh:粗糙的；粗哑的：〔hut〕A crude or makeshift dwelling or shelter; a shack.简陋小屋，茅屋：粗糙的临时住房或隐蔽处；棚屋〔gabbro〕A usually coarse-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene. Also called norite 辉长岩：一种主要由石灰生斜长岩和辉石构成的通常质地粗糙的火成岩 也作 norite〔scruple〕from Latin scrūpulus [small unit of measurement, scruple] [diminutive of] scrūpus [rough stone, scruple] 源自 拉丁语 scrūpulus [小的计量单位，吩] scrūpus的小后缀 [粗糙的石头，微量] 〔chagrin〕The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, "a leather or skin with a rough surface,” derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense "rough leather" and the sense "sorrow" each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, "sorrow,” is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, "a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.” A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, "cats,” and Jammer, "distress, seediness,” are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, "cat,” and grigner, "to grimace.” The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramī, meaning "sorrow, trouble.”Chagrin is first recorded in English in 1656 in the now obsolete sense "anxiety, melancholy.”我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen “有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤”是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，“粗糙的皮革”的含义和“沮丧”的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin “沮丧”是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer “醉后的难受感”。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen “猫”，和 Jammer “沮丧，不舒服”， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat “猫”和 grigner “做怪相”。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为“愁苦，麻烦”。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在1656年， 当时的含义“焦虑，忧郁”现已过时不用〔manta〕A rough-textured cotton fabric or blanket made and used in Spanish America and the southwest United States.方布：一种质地粗糙的织物或毯子，在讲西班牙语的美洲国家和美国西南部生产和使用〔coarse〕Consisting of large particles; not fine in texture:质地粗糙的：有大颗粒的；构造上不精细的：〔nubbly〕Rough or irregular; textured:粗糙的：粗糙的或不规则的；粗糙的：〔shagreen〕The rough hide of a shark or ray, covered with numerous bony denticles and used as an abrasive and as leather.鲨革：鲨鱼或鲂鱼的粗糙的外皮，覆有许多骨状小齿，用作研磨物和皮革〔burl〕from Old French bourle [tuft of wool] [diminutive of] bourre [coarse wool] 源自 古法语 bourle [一簇毛线] bourre的小后缀 [粗糙的毛线] 〔rough〕a granular, scabrous spot on his cheek.他脸颊上粗糙的颗粒状斑点。〔rough〕harsh burlap;粗糙的麻布袋；〔feel〕a surface that is rough to the feel.摸上去很粗糙的表面〔raspy〕Rough; grating.粗糙的；刺耳的〔texture〕A rough or grainy surface quality:不平或粗糙的表面特性：〔semolina〕The gritty, coarse particles of wheat left after the finer flour has passed through a bolting machine, used for pasta.精制麦麸：当精粉通过筛粉机器后，余留下的砂砾状粗糙的小麦剩余物的颗粒，用作食用面糊〔seersucker〕shakar [sugar] from Sanskrit śarkarā [from the resemblance of its smooth and rough stripes to the smooth surface of milk and bumpy texture of sugar] shakar [糖] 源自 梵文 śarkarā [得名于其光滑与粗糙的条纹类似于牛奶光滑的表面和糖粗糙不平的晶体结构] 〔esker〕A long, narrow ridge of coarse gravel deposited by a stream flowing in or under a decaying glacial ice sheet. Also called os 3蛇（形）丘：由粗糙的碎砂淤积起来的长而窄的脊状物，由河流冲积而成或形成于衰退的冰川层下 也作 os3〔incondite〕Badly constructed; crude.结构拙劣的；粗糙的，无礼的 |
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