| 单词 | 粗野 |
| 释义 | 〔orangutan〕hūtan [wilderness, jungle] hūtan [粗野，丛林] 〔lowbred〕Coarse; vulgar.粗野的：粗俗的；庸俗的〔Philistine〕Often philistine Boorish; barbarous: 常作 philistine 庸俗人的：乡巴佬的；野蛮的，粗野的：〔farouche〕Fierce; wild:粗野的：凶猛的；狂野的：〔rant〕Violent, loud, or extravagant speech.See Synonyms at bombast 粗野的话，喧闹的话，夸大的话 参见 bombast〔impudence〕Offensively bold behavior.粗鲁：粗野无礼的行为〔rough〕Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy:粗暴的：喧闹、不守秩序、粗野或吵嚷的：〔unmannered〕Lacking good manners; rude.粗野的：缺乏良好的举止或礼貌的；粗鲁的〔ungracious〕Lacking social grace or graciousness; rude.不礼貌的，粗野的：缺乏社会礼貌的；无礼的〔insult〕To treat with gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness.See Synonyms at offend 侮辱：粗野地，傲慢地、无礼地对待 参见 offend〔fishwife〕A woman regarded as coarse and shrewishly abusive.泼妇：被当作粗野、彪悍的骂街妇的女人〔uncouth〕Crude; unrefined.粗野的；不文明的〔crude〕Lacking tact, refinement, or taste.粗野的：缺乏机智、文雅或品味的〔brusque〕from Italian brusco [coarse, rough] 源自 意大利语 brusco [粗野的，粗鲁的] 〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关〔underbred〕Poorly brought up; ill-bred.鄙俗的：缺乏教养的；粗野的〔swine〕A person regarded as brutish or contemptible.粗野或卑劣的人〔coarse〕"It is futile to expect a hungry and squalid population to be anything but violent and gross" (Thomas H. Huxley). “期望饥锇和贫穷的居民不狂暴和粗野是无用的” （托马斯H.赫克斯利）。〔raving〕Talking or behaving irrationally; wild:乱语的，胡乱的：说话或行为不符合理性的，粗野的：〔raise〕To behave in a rowdy or disruptive fashion.粗野行事：以粗野、有污辱性的方式行为或表现〔unhandsome〕Not courteous or in good taste; ungracious.没有礼貌的或没有好品味的；粗野的〔barbarian〕A fierce, brutal, or cruel person.凶暴、粗野或残酷的人〔London〕American writer of rugged adventure novels, includingThe Call of the Wild (1903) and The Sea Wolf (1904). 伦敦，约翰·格里菲思：(1876-1916) 美国粗野的冒险小说作家。作品有《野性的呼唤》 （1903年）和 《海狼》 （1904年） 〔fast〕Disposed to dissipation; wild:行为放荡的；粗野的：〔rant〕To speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement manner; rave.大叫大嚷，夸夸其谈：用粗野的，极大的声音或粗野的态度说话或下结论；大声责骂〔rugged〕Middle English [shaggy] 中古英语 [粗野的] 〔brave〕or Old Spanish bravo [wild, brave, excellent] 或 古西班牙语 bravo [粗野的，勇敢的，优秀的] 〔Gothicism〕A barbarous or crude manner or style.野蛮，粗野：野蛮的或粗野的风格或方式〔robustious〕Rough, coarse, or crude:粗鲁、粗俗或粗野的：〔slob〕A person regarded as slovenly, crude, or obnoxious.邋遢的人，举止粗鲁的人：被认为不修边幅、粗野或引人反感的人〔common〕Unrefined or coarse in manner; vulgar:粗野的，下流的：在礼仪上未改进或精粗俗的；粗俗的：〔umbrage〕took umbrage at their rudeness.对他们的粗野表示不悦〔thrash〕To move wildly or violently:暴动：粗野或狂乱地动：〔robust〕Rough or crude; boisterous:粗鲁或粗野的；喧闹的：〔rude〕Lacking the graces and refinement of civilized life; uncouth.粗暴的，粗野的：缺少文明生活的文雅和教养的；不雅的〔rambunctious〕Boisterous and disorderly.粗暴的，粗野的：狂乱且无秩序的〔woolly〕Having the characteristics of the rough, generally lawless atmosphere of the American frontier:粗犷的，不受法律约束的：具有粗野的特征的，通常指美国拓荒者的无法律气氛的：〔Tamayo〕Mexican artist whose bold, textured works were influenced by pre-Columbian symbols as well as cubism and expressionism.塔马约，鲁菲诺：(1899-1991) 墨西哥艺术家，其大胆、粗野手法作品曾受到哥伦布到达前的美洲象征符号的影响，同时也受到立体主义和表现主义的影响〔indelicate〕Marked by a lack of good taste; coarse.See Synonyms at coarse 粗野的：以缺少高雅品味为特征的；粗鄙的 参见 coarse〔rough〕In a rough manner; roughly.粗暴地；粗野地 |
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