| 单词 | 繁殖 |
| 释义 | 〔gemmulation〕Production of or reproduction by gemmules.生芽，以胞芽的形式繁殖〔biofouling〕The impairment or degradation of something, such as a ship's hull or mechanical equipment, as a result of the growth or activity of living organisms.生物毁损：因活生物体的繁殖或活动而使物体（如船体或机械设备）受到损坏或退化〔dioicous〕Having sex organs on separate plants; unisexual. Used of mosses and related plants.雌雄异花的：繁殖器官生在不同的植株上的；雌雄异花的。用于指苔藓及相关植物〔rootstock〕A root or part of a root used as a stock for plant propagation.根状茎，砧木：作为植物繁殖的根茎或砧木〔plantation〕It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation appears in the name Plimoth Plantation, a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun in a work probably written during the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplantātiō, the source of our English word, originally meant "propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,”but in Medieval Latin developed other related senses,such as "planting,” "foundation, establishment,” and "nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.”The two senses that were used in New England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand were at one time worked by slave labor.同样的单词plantation 出现在名称 Plimoth Plantation （普利茅斯种植园）中，这对不止一名读者来说，可能看起来是具讽刺意味的， 该名称指寻求宗教自由的人的小型社区，虽然他们的宗教形式很特别，也是作为内战前南方庄园的术语，指供高贵白种人居住的漂亮公馆和受压迫的黑人奴隶居住的破旧茅屋。单词plantation 的这两种用法说明了这个单词两种意思的发展， 其以可能于15世纪最初二十五年创作的一部作品中的plantacioun 形式首次记录进中世纪英语。 拉丁文plantatio 是我们这个英语单词的词源， 最初意为“植物的繁殖，如通过供插栽小枝，”但是在中世纪拉丁文中又发展了其它的相关的意思，例如“种植、”“建立、设立”和“苗圃或已被种植的活的植物的集合。”这样，用在新英格兰和南方的这两种意思就能够解释了。普利茅斯种植园的意思是从在新的国家中建立或移民的新拓居地或殖民地的概念中引申出来的。南方庄园的意思则可追溯到简易耕种作物的概念上来，在这种情况下，例如烟草或棉花等农作物，生长在亚热带或热带气候的庄园或农场，且一段时间以来由奴隶种植〔catadromous〕Living in fresh water but migrating to marine waters to breed. Used of fish.因产卵顺流入海的：在淡水中生活但移到海水中产卵繁殖的。用于鱼类〔agamic〕Occurring or reproducing without the union of male and female cells; asexual or parthenogenetic.无性的：不经过雄性和雌性细胞结合而产生或繁殖的；无性的或单性生殖的〔stud〕A group of animals, especially horses, kept for breeding.马群：为繁殖而保留的动物群尤指马〔stock〕All the animals kept or raised on a farm; livestock.家畜：一个农场养的或繁殖的全部动物；家畜〔propagate〕To breed (offspring).繁殖：生育（后代）〔traducianism〕from Latin [vine-branch trained for propagation] 源自 拉丁语 [修整用于繁殖的葡萄枝] 〔breed〕To originate and thrive:繁殖，旺盛生长：〔raise〕To grow, especially in quantity; cultivate:种植，栽培，繁殖：增长，尤指面数量方面；种植：〔stud〕A male animal, such as a stallion, that is kept for breeding.留种的雄畜，种公马为繁殖而保留的雄性动物，如种马〔studhorse〕A stallion kept for breeding.种马：用来繁殖后代的公马〔cytostatic〕Inhibiting or suppressing cellular growth and multiplication.抑制细胞的：阻止或抑制细胞生长和繁殖的〔syngamy〕The fusion of two gametes in fertilization.有性生殖：在繁殖时两个配子的配合〔asexual〕Relating to, produced by, or involving reproduction that occurs without the union of male and female gametes, as in binary fission or budding.无性生殖的：没有雌雄交媾而繁殖的，关于无期雌雄交配而繁殖的，涉及无雌雄交配而繁殖的，如在偶数分裂或萌芽中〔mate〕To be paired for reproducing; breed.为了繁殖而配对的；繁殖〔gossypol〕A toxic pigment, C30H 30O 8, obtained from cottonseed oil and detoxified by heating, that has been experimentally shown to inhibit sperm production. 棉籽酚：一种有毒的色素，C30H 30O 8，经实验证明该色素抑制精子的繁殖。提炼自棉籽油，加热后可解毒 〔inbreeding〕The continued breeding of closely related individuals so as to preserve desirable traits in a stock.同种交配：近亲连续不断地繁殖，以此来保存某一血统的令人满意的特性〔propagule〕from prōpāgāre [to propagate] * see propagate 源自 prōpāgāre [扩展，繁殖] * 参见 propagate〔breed〕A group of organisms having common ancestors and certain distinguishable characteristics, especially a group within a species developed by artificial selection and maintained by controlled propagation.属：一群拥有共同祖先和明显特征的有机体，尤指属于同一物种的一群，通过人工选择来发展，通过有控制的繁殖来维持〔vegetal〕Relating to growth rather than to sexual reproduction; vegetative.植物性的：关于生长而不是繁殖的；植物性的〔warren〕An enclosure for small game animals.供小型猎物繁殖的围场〔cattery〕An establishment where cats are kept and bred.猫舍：豢养与繁殖猫的场地设施〔fruit〕The fertile, often spore-bearing structure of a plant that does not bear seeds.（植）无子果实：植物的繁殖部分，常有芽孢但不结籽〔brood〕Kept for breeding:为繁殖而饲养的：〔multivoltine〕French -voltine [having a given number of broods in one season] from Italian volta [time, turn] from Old Italian * see volt 2法语 -voltine [在一个季节中繁殖一定数量的] 源自 意大利语 volta [时间，次序] 源自 古意大利语 * 参见 volt2〔seed〕A propagative part of a plant, as a tuber or spore.芽孢：植物的繁殖部分，如块茎或孢子〔inbreed〕To breed or develop within; engender.内部繁殖或发展；产生〔Philae〕A former island in the Nile River of southeast Egypt. Site of many ancient temples and monuments, it was particularly noted for its temple dedicated to Isis. The island is now covered by the waters of Lake Nasser.菲莱：原是埃及东南部尼罗河中的一个岛屿，是许多古代庙宇和纪念碑的废址，尤以祭祀司生育与繁殖的艾希丝女神的庙宇而闻名，这个岛现在被纳塞湖的水淹没〔thickset〕Positioned or placed closely together.繁殖的，浓密的：紧密地摆放在一起的〔sterile〕Not producing or incapable of producing seed, fruit spores, or other reproductive structures. Used of plants or their parts.不结果的：不产生或不能产生种子、果实孢子或其它繁殖结构的。用于植物或其部分〔geophyte〕A perennial plant, such as a crocus or tulip, propagated by buds on underground bulbs, tubers, or corms.地下芽植物：一种通过地下鳞茎、块茎或球茎上的芽繁殖的多年生植物，如藏红花或郁金香〔division〕A type of propagation characteristic of plants that spread by means of newly formed parts such as bulbs, suckers, or rhizomes.植物遗传类型：由新生部分方式繁殖的植物繁殖类型，如球茎、分枝或根茎等〔spawn〕Offspring occurring in numbers; brood.大批生产的后代；繁殖〔micropropagation〕A tissue culture technique for plant propagation in which offspring are cloned from tissue taken from a single plant.组织栽培法：栽培植物的组织栽培方法，其产物会由单一植物组织中以无性生殖培养繁殖出来〔bluebottle〕Any of several flies of the genusCalliphora that have a bright metallic-blue body and breed in decaying organic matter. 蓝丽蝇：一种丽蝇 属飞蝇，身体呈鲜艳的亮蓝色，在腐烂的有机物上繁殖 〔vegetable〕When the speaker in Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" tells his mistressthat "Had we but world enough, and time . . . /My vegetable love should grow/Vaster than empires and more slow,” he "makes one think of pumpkins and eternity in one breath,”as one critic has playfully suggested.However,vegetable in this case is used figuratively in the sense, "having the property of life and growth, as does a plant.”This use is based on the ancient religious and philosophical notion of the tripartite soul as interpreted by the Scholastics:thevegetative soul common to plants, animals, and humans; thesensitive soul common to animals and humans; and therational soul, found only in humans. “ Vegetable love" in Marvell's poem is thus a love that grows, takes nourishment, and reproduces,although it grows slowly.Marvell's use illustrates the original sense ofvegetable, first recorded in the 15th century.In a work published in 1582 we find recorded for the first time the adjective use ofvegetable familiar to us, "having to do with plants.” In a work of the same date appears the first instance ofvegetable as a noun, meaning "a plant.” It is not until the 18th century that we find the noun and adjective used in the more restricted way associated with the injunction "Eat your vegetables.”当安德鲁·马韦尔的“致他的羞涩情人”一诗中的说话者告诉他的情人 “如果我们有足够的世界和时间…/我的植物一样的爱会生长得/比帝国更广大、更慢”时，他“使人想起了南瓜以及一息之间的永恒，”某个批评家开玩笑似地说。然而，在这个情况下vegetable 是被用于比喻意义上的， 意思是“象植物一样具有生命和生长的性质”。这一用法是基于由经院哲学家所释的三重灵魂的古代宗教和哲学观念之上的：vegetative 的灵魂为植物、动物和人类共有； sensitive 的灵魂为动物和人类共有； 而rational 的灵魂却只存在于人类中。 因此马韦尔诗中的“植物的爱”是一种生长的、吸取营养并繁殖的爱，但是它长得很慢。马韦尔的这一用法指示了vegetable 的原先的含义， 最早记录于15世纪。在一部出版于1582年的作品中，我们第一次找到了已为我们熟悉的vegetable 一词的形容词用法的记录，意思是“与植物有关的”。 在同一时期的另一部作品中，出现了vegetable 作为名词用的第一个例子，意思是“植物”。 直到18世纪，我们才发现该名词和形容词被用于与“吃你的蔬菜”这一命令相关的更受限制的方式中 |
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