| 单词 | 约瑟夫 |
| 释义 | 〔Harper〕Family of American printers and publishers, includingJames (1795-1869), John (1797-1875), Joseph Wesley (1801-1870), and Fletcher (1806-1877). They established Harper and Brothers publishing company (1833) and founded Harper's magazine (1850). 哈珀：美国某家族名称，该家族出现了许多画家和出版商，其中包括詹姆士 （1795-1869年）、 约翰 （1797-1875年）、 约瑟夫·威斯利 （1801-1870年）和 弗莱彻 （1806-1877年），他们建立了哈珀兄弟公司并创办了 《哈珀斯》 杂志 〔Smith〕American religious leader. He founded (1830) the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and led his congregation westward from New York State to western Illinois, where he was murdered by an anti-Mormon mob.史密斯，约瑟夫：(1805-1844) 美国宗教领袖。1830年他创建了“耶稣基督末世圣徒教会”，并率领他的教民从纽约州向西迁往伊利诺斯州西部，在那里他被反摩门教的暴民谋杀〔Tunney〕American prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship in 1926 by defeating Jack Dempsey, defeated him again in 1927, and retired as champion in 1928.滕尼，詹姆斯·约瑟夫：(1898-1978) 美国职业拳击运动员，1926年击败杰克·戴姆普西获世界重量级拳击冠军称号，1927年第二次击败戴姆普西，1928年作为拳王隐退〔blemish〕"A true critic ought to dwell rather upon excellencies than imperfections" (Joseph Addison). “一个真正的评论家应论述优点多于不足之处” （约瑟夫·爱迪森）。 〔Johnston〕American Confederate general in the Civil War who surrendered to William Tecumseh Sherman in 1865.约翰斯顿，约瑟夫·埃格尔斯顿：(1807-1891) 美国南北战争时期邦联军将领，1865年向威廉·特康姆赛谢尔曼投降〔strass〕both perhaps after Josef Strasser , 18th-century German jeweler 两者可能都源自约瑟夫 斯特拉瑟 ，18世纪德国珠宝商 〔noticeable〕"His long, feminine eyelashes were very noticeable" (Joseph Conrad). “他那长长的，女人似的睫毛很引人注意” （约瑟夫·康拉德）。 〔Cannon〕American politician who as Republican speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1903-1911) was known for his strongly partisan and autocratic use of authority.坎农，约瑟夫·格尼：(1836-1926) 美国政治家，曾为美国众议院发言人（1903-1911年），以其强烈的党派色彩和专制独裁而闻名〔Joachim〕Hungarian violinist and composer acclaimed for interpretations of Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart. His compositions include violin concertos and an overture toHamlet. 约阿希姆，约瑟夫：(1831-1907) 匈牙利的小提琴手和作曲者，因阐释巴赫、贝多芬和莫扎特而受到颂扬。他的乐曲包括小提琴协奏曲和《哈姆雷特》 的序曲 〔Rotblat〕Polish-born British physicist who developed medical applications for radioactivity. An outspoken opponent of nuclear weapons, he won the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize.劳伯特，约瑟夫：开发放射现象医疗应用的波兰裔英国物理学家。作为核武器直言不讳的反对者，他获得了1995年的诺贝尔和平奖〔Chancellorsville〕A former town of northeast Virginia west of Fredericksburg. It was the site of a major Civil War battle (May 2-4, 1863) in which the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces commanded by Joseph Hooker. Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded in the battle.钱瑟勒斯维尔：弗吉尼亚州东北部的一个旧城镇，位于弗雷德里克斯堡以西。 内战时的一次重大战役在此展开（1863年5月2-4日）。罗伯特·李率领的南部盟军击败了约瑟夫·胡克指挥的联邦军队。斯通沃尔·杰克逊在战斗中受了致命伤〔Rudolf〕Austrian crown prince. The controversially liberal heir to Francis Joseph I, he was found dead with his mistress in Mayerling, his hunting lodge near Vienna. Officially deemed a double suicide, the suspicious event was never fully investigated.鲁道夫：奥地利王储。弗朗西斯·约瑟夫一世有争议的自由主义继承人，在其维也纳附近的狩猎住所梅耶林被人发现和其情人的尸体。官方认为是两人同时自杀，这件可疑案件并未彻底调查过〔hateful〕"No vice is universally as hateful as ingratitude" (Joseph Priestley).“没有什么邪恶象贪婪那样令人憎恶” （约瑟夫·普里斯特利）。〔Erlanger〕American physiologist. He shared a 1944 Nobel Prize for work on nerve fibers.厄兰格，约瑟夫：(1874-1965) 美国生理学家,由于他在神经纤维方面的研究，他获得1944年诺贝尔奖〔Krutch〕American critic, naturalist, and writer whose works includeThe Modern Temper (1929) and The Measure of Man (1954). 克鲁奇，约瑟夫·伍德：(1893-1970) 美国评论家、博物学家和作家，其作品包括《现代习性》 （1929年）和 《人的尺度》 （1954年） 〔strange〕"I do hate to be chucked in the dark aboard a strange ship. I wonder where they keep their fresh water" (Joseph Conrad).“我的确憎恨黑夜中在一艘不熟悉的船上被抛弃。我不知道他们在哪里保存淡水” （约瑟夫·康拉德）。〔Lamar〕American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1911-1916).拉马尔，约瑟夫·吕克：(1857-1916) 美国法理学家，曾任美国最高法院的助理法官（1911-1916年）〔Leidy〕American naturalist and anatomist known for his fossil studies in the western United States.莱迪，约瑟夫：(1823-1891) 美国博物学家和解剖学家。因其在美国西部的化石研究而闻名〔attribute〕"A person thus prepared will be able to refer any particular history he takes up to its proper place in universal history" (Joseph Priestley).See also Synonyms at quality ,symbol “经过这种准备的人，可以在历史长河中，归属于任何他从事合适位置的特定历史阶段” （约瑟夫·普利斯特莱）。 参见同义词 quality,symbol〔Chamberlain〕British politician who helped establish the Locarno Pact. He won the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize.张伯伦，（约瑟夫）奥斯特：(1863-1937) 英国政治家，因协助签订《洛迦诺公约》获1925年诺贝尔和平奖〔Cohn〕American lawyer who gained notoriety as Joseph McCarthy's assistant during the Communist scare of the 1950's. Shortly before his death he was disbarred in New York for unethical practices.可因，罗伊·马库斯：(1927-1986) 美国律师，因在共产主义者大恐慌的五十年代是约瑟夫·麦卡锡的助手而声名狼藉。在他去世前不久，因不符合伦理的活动在纽约被取消律师资格〔form〕"Rowing [at night] , he faced her, a hooded and cloaked shape" (Joseph Conrad).“划船时 ，他面对着她，一个戴头巾，斗篷的模样” （约瑟夫·康拉德）。〔Beuys〕German artist who attempted to convey his highly politicized views through sculpture, drawings, and performance art.博伊于斯，约瑟夫：(1921-1986) 德国艺术家，试图通过雕塑、绘画和表演艺术传达其高度政治性观点〔Medill〕American newspaperman who was a founder of the Republican Party (1854), staunchly supported Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign and administration, and was editor and publisher of theChicago Tribune (1874-1899). 梅迪尔，约瑟夫：(1823-1899) 美国新闻记者，为共和党的创始人(1854年），是林肯总统竞选及其政府的坚定支持者，同时也是《芝加哥论坛报》 的编辑及出版者(1874-1899年） 〔Jacquard〕French inventor of the jacquard loom (1801), the first automatic loom able to weave complex patterns.雅卡尔，约瑟夫·玛丽：(1752-1834) 法国提花机的发明者(1801年），第一台能织出复杂图案的自动织布机〔Turner〕American jazz and blues singer. Noted for a singing style which resembles shouting, he contributed greatly to the development of rhythm and blues.透纳，约瑟夫：美国爵士手以及蓝调歌手，以类似喊叫的唱歌方式脱颖而出，他大力推动节奏及蓝调的发展〔Ravel〕French composer of impressionistic operas, ballets, orchestral works, such asBoléro (1928), and piano works, including Le Tombeau de Couperin (1917). 拉威尔，莫里斯·约瑟夫：(1875-1937) 法国作曲家，创作印象主义歌剧，芭蕾舞和交响乐作品，例如《波莱罗》 （1928年）以及钢琴曲，包括 《在库伯兰悼墓前》 （1917年） 〔Moroni〕An ancient prophet believed to have buried the sacred history of the Americas compiled by his father, Mormon, near Palmyra, New York, in the early fifth centurya.d., and to have later appeared to Joseph Smith as an angel to direct him to the burial site. 摩洛尼：古代预言家，据信在公元 5世纪将其父摩门编写的美洲圣史掩埋在纽约帕尔迈拉附近，后来他以天使的形象出现在约瑟夫·史密斯面前，将其引导至该掩埋地 〔apartheid〕Although South Africa has not furnished a great number of words that have achieved general currency in British and American English,one in particular,apartheid, has gained wide circulation. The first recorded use ofapartheid as an English term, in the Cape Times on October 24, 1947, is an ironic commentary on much of the word's use since then: "Mr. Hofmeyr said apartheid could not be reconciled with a policy of progress and prosperity for South Africa.” According to the March 15, 1961, issue of theLondon Times, the wordself-development was supposed to replace apartheid as the official term used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation for "the Government's race policies. ” And inMove Your Shadow, published in 1985, Joseph Lelyveld says that the "word is [now] shunned, even resented by the [National Party's] high priests as if it were an epithet fashioned by the country's enemies.” Butapartheid as a word and as a reality has been slow to disappear. The history ofapartheid, however, offers a possible model for change in this policy, for the word is an example of a mixture and combination of resources, in this case linguistic.Apartheid is an English word that came into South African English from Afrikaans, the language of the Dutch settlers of South Africa. They in turn had made up the word from the Dutch wordapart, "separate,” and the suffix -heid, which corresponds to our suffix -hood. Thusapartheid literally means "separateness.” The Dutch had earlier borrowed the wordapart, as did we, from the French phrase à part, meaning "to one side.” 尽管南非并没有向英国和美国英语里加入很多得以普遍使用的词汇，但尚有一例外，apartheid 这个词就得到了普遍应用。 apartheid 一词作为英语词汇的使用最早记录于1947年10月24日的 开普时报 上，从那时起对该词的使用就作了反讽式的评论： “霍夫梅伊先生说种族隔离制不能与南非进步及繁荣的政策相容。”根据1961年3月15日的一期伦敦时报 ， 南非广播公司试图以self-development 作为官方用语来代替 apartheid 表示“政府的种族政策”。 在1985年出版的移动你的影子 中，约瑟夫·莱莉瓦德说“这个词为高级牧师们所回避甚至痛恨， 似乎它是这个国家的敌人创造出来的修饰语。”但apartheid 作为词汇和作为现实存在消失得很慢。 然而apartheid 的历史为这种政策的变化提供了一个可能的模式， 因为这个词是语言学方面各种来源混合及联合的一个例子。Apartheid 是从南非的荷兰殖民者的语言进入南非英语的一个英语词汇。 依次由荷兰词apart “分隔”，和后缀 -heid （其与后缀 -hood 相对应）构成。 这样，apartheid 可逐字译为“分隔，隔离。” 荷兰人较早地借用了apart 一词，就如我们从法语里借用了意为“到一边”的 a part 一样 〔Chamberlain〕British politician who served as the mayor of Birmingham (1873-1876), president of the Board of Trade (1880-1885), and colonial secretary (1895-1903).张伯伦，约瑟夫：(1836-1914) 英国政治家，曾任伯明翰市长（1873-1876年）、贸易董事会总裁（1880-1885年）及殖民大臣（1895-1903年）〔Taft〕American politician. As a U.S. Senator from Ohio (1939-1953) he was an outspoken conservative who opposed many New Deal policies, resisted American involvement in NATO, and endorsed Joseph McCarthy's investigations of Communist infiltration.塔夫脱，罗伯特·阿方索：(1889-1953) 美国政治家。作为一名来自俄亥俄州的美国参议员(1939-1953年），他是一名直率的保守派成员，曾反对过许多“新政”政策，抵制过美国参与大西洋公约组织，并批准了约瑟夫·麦卡锡对共产党渗透的调查〔Addison〕English essayist whose witty and elegant works appeared inThe Tatler, founded by Richard Steele in 1709, and The Spectator, founded by Addison and Steele in 1711. 艾迪生，约瑟夫：(1672-1719) 英国散文作家，其诙谐而优雅的作品刊登于理查德·斯蒂尔于1709年创办的《闲谈者》 及艾迪生与斯蒂尔于1711年合办的 《旁观者》 杂志上 〔Dupleix〕French colonial administrator who competed unsuccessfully with the British to extend French control over India.杜普莱克斯侯爵，约瑟夫-弗朗索瓦：(1697-1763) 法国殖民官，曾与英国人争夺整个印度的控制权，但未成功〔Flaherty〕American explorer and filmmaker whose works, includingNanook of the North (1922) and Moana (1926), were the first major documentaries. 弗莱厄蒂，罗伯特·约瑟夫：(1884-1951) 美国探险家和电影制片人，他的作品包括《北方的纳努克》 （1922年）和 《摩阿拿》 （1926年），都是最早的主要记录片 〔Flanagan〕American priest who founded Boys Town (1917), a community for underprivileged boys.弗拉纳根，爱德华·约瑟夫：(1886-1948) 美国教士，为下层社会的男孩们创立了博伊斯镇（1917年）〔Grasse〕French naval officer who during the American Revolution commanded the French fleet in Chesapeake Bay, thereby preventing British naval forces from aiding Cornwallis at Yorktown (1781).格拉斯，弗朗索瓦·约瑟夫·保罗·德：(1722?-1788) 法国海军军官，在美国内战期间指挥在切萨皮克湾的法国舰队， 阻止了英国海军对在约克敦的康华里的支援（1781年）〔Toynbee〕British historian and educator who studied cyclical patterns in the growth and decline of civilizations. His most famous work is the 12-volumeStudy of History (1934-1961). 汤因比，阿诺德·约瑟夫：(1889-1975) 英国历史学家和教育学家，他研究文明兴衰的循环类型，其最著名的著作是十二卷的《历史研究》 （1934-1961年） 〔Davisson〕American physicist. He shared a 1937 Nobel Prize for the discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals.戴维森，克林顿·约瑟夫：(1881-1958) 美国物理学家，因发现电子通过晶体的衍射而获得了1937年的诺贝尔奖〔Lodge〕British physicist known for his pioneering work in radio receivers.洛奇爵士，奥利弗·约瑟夫：(1851-1940) 英国物理学家，以其在无线电接收机方面的创新研究而闻名〔Agnon〕Polish-born Israeli writer. His dramatic novels, written in Hebrew, includeA Guest for the Night (1939). He shared the 1966 Nobel Prize for literature. 阿格农，希穆尔·约瑟夫：(1888-1970) 波兰裔以色列作家。用希伯来文写作，其戏剧小说包括《夜晚的客人》 （1939年）。于1966年获诺贝尔文学奖 |
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