| 单词 | 纽约 |
| 释义 | 〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔Knickerbocker〕A native or inhabitant of New York.纽约人：纽约本地人或居民〔Masterson〕American frontier marshal and journalist. Famed for his exploits as an army scout, gambler, and law enforcer in towns such as Dodge City and Tombstone, he was later a sports writer for theNew York Morning Telegraph (1902-1921). 马斯特森，威廉·巴克莱：(1853-1921) 美国边境指挥官、新闻记者。因其在花道奇城和墓碑城等城镇作为陆军侦察兵、赌徒、司法官的功绩而出名。他后来为《纽约晨电报》 的体育专栏作者(1902-1921年） 〔Paulist〕A member of the Roman Catholic Missionary Society of Saint Paul the Apostle, founded in New York in 1858.保罗会会员：罗马天主教保罗传道会的一员，于1858年建于纽约〔Evarts〕American lawyer and politician who was the chief defense attorney during the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson and served as U.S. secretary of state (1877-1881) and senator from New York (1885-1891).埃瓦茨，威廉·麦克斯韦：(1818-1901) 美国律师和政治家，是总统安德鲁·约翰逊在弹劾期间的主要辩护律师，曾任美国国务卿（1877-1881年）和来自于纽约的参议员（1885-1891年）〔Seaver〕American baseball player. A right-handed pitcher mainly with the New York Mets (1967-1977), he had 311 career victories and won the Cy Young Award three times (1969, 1973, and 1975).西弗，（乔治）托马斯：美国棒球选手。大部分职业生涯都为纽约大都会队效力的右投投手（1967年-1977年），他共赢得300场胜利并三次获塞杨奖（1969年、1973年、1975年）〔Mitropoulos〕Greek-born American conductor who led the Minneapolis Symphony (1938-1949) and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1949-1958).米特罗普洛斯，迪米特里：(1896-1960) 希腊裔美国指挥家，指挥过明尼阿波利斯交响乐团(1938-1949年）和纽约交响乐团(1949-1958年）〔trendsetter〕"The Golden State, ever the trendsetter, reformed its property tax"(New York)“黄金州总是喜欢开创新风，它对其财产税作了改革”(纽约)〔its〕The airline canceled its early flight to New York.该航空公司取消了飞往纽约的早班飞机〔Graham〕American dancer and choreographer. A central figure in modern dance, she founded the Dance Repertory Theatre in New York City in 1930. Her works includeAppalachian Spring (1944) and Clytemnestra (1958). 格雷厄姆，马莎：(1894-1991) 美国舞蹈家、编导。现代舞蹈的中心人物，其于1930年在纽约创建了舞蹈剧场，保留舞剧剧目的专用剧场，其作品包括《阿巴拉契亚的春天》 （1944年）和 《克莱特曼斯》 （1958年） 〔send〕routed the soldiers through New York;派遣士兵穿过纽约；〔Lehman〕American banker and public official who directed (1943-1946) the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. As a U.S. senator from New York (1949-1957), Lehman was one of the first to oppose McCarthyism.莱曼，赫伯特·亨利：(1878-1963) 美国金融家兼政府官员。他曾在1943年到1946年期间主持联合国救济与复兴委员会的工作。当他担任来自纽约的美国参议员时(1949-1957年），莱曼曾是首批反对麦卡锡主义者的一员〔Herkimer〕American Revolutionary general who led reinforcements toward the beseiged Fort Stanwix, New York (1777), but was ambushed and mortally wounded in the ensuing fight.赫基默，尼古拉：(1728-1777) 美国革命将领，他领导了对被围困的纽约斯坦维克斯要塞（1777年）的增援行动，但在随后的战斗中遭伏击，身受重伤而死〔Woodstock〕A village of southeast New York south-southwest of Albany. In 1969 a large rock music festival named after the village was held at another small town in the Catskill Mountains. Population, 1,073.伍德斯托克：纽约东南奥尔巴尼西南偏南的村庄，1969年在卡茨基尔山的另外一个小镇举行的一个大型摇滚乐节并以该村命名。人口1,073〔tuxedo〕after a country club at Tuxedo Park, a village of southeast New York 源自 塔克西多 的一家乡村俱乐部，纽约东南部一村庄 〔Guggenheim〕Family of American industrialists and philanthropists, includingMeyer (1828-1905), who amassed the family fortune in the copper industry. His sons Daniel (1856-1930) and Simon (1867-1941) and his granddaughter Marguerite (1898-1979), known as "Peggy,” were patrons of the arts. The family endowed the Guggenheim Museum of Modern Art in New York City (1959). 古根海姆：美国一工业家及慈善家家族，包括梅尔 （1828-1905年），他经营铜业，大大增加了家族财富。其子 丹尼尔 （1856-1930年）和 西蒙 （1867-1941年）及其孙女，被称为“伯蒂”的 玛格丽特 （1898-1979年），都是艺术事业的赞助者。该家族在纽约捐助建立了古根海姆现代艺术博物馆（1959年） 〔Runyon〕American writer known for his stylized, idiomatic stories about Broadway and the New York underworld, such as "Guys and Dolls" (1931).鲁尼恩，（艾尔弗雷德）达蒙：(1884-1946) 美国作家，因其对百老汇和纽约下层社会风格化独特的故事而著名，其中最著名的是少男少女(1931年）〔Mantle〕American baseball player. One of the greatest sluggers of the game, he played center field for the New York Yankees (1951-1968) and hit 536 home runs.曼特尔，米凯·查尔斯：(生于 1931) 美国棒球运动员，是最伟大的棒球击球手之一，他担任纽约扬基队中场（1951-1968年），曾击出536个本垒打〔Byzantine〕"a fine hand for Byzantine deals and cozy arrangements"(New York)“善于进行诡计多端的交易和迎合讨好的安排”(纽约)〔McGraw〕American baseball player (1891-1900) and manager (1902-1932) of the New York Giants, which he led to 2,840 victories, including 10 pennants and 3 World Series championships (1905, 1921, and 1922).麦克劳，约翰·约瑟夫：(1873-1934) 美国棒球运动员(1891-1900年），纽约巨人队的经理(1902-1932年），在他主持下该队共获10次全国棒球锦标赛冠军和3次世界棒球锦标赛的冠军(1905、1921和1922年）〔Cornwall〕A city of southeast Ontario, Canada, on the St. Lawrence River and the New York border southeast of Ottawa. It is a manufacturing center. Population, 46,144.康沃尔市：加拿大安大略省东南部城市，位于圣劳伦斯河上，渥太华东南部与纽约交界的地方。它是一个制造中心。人口46,144〔bluepoint〕After Blue Point , a locality on Great South Bay, Long Island, New York 源自 蓝点 ，位于纽约长岛大南湾 〔standby〕flew standby to New York.在飞往纽约空中待命〔Obie〕An award that is given annually for exceptional achievement in off-Broadway theater.奥比奖：每年向纽约外百老汇剧院的杰出成就颁发的奖〔Hackensack〕A city of northeast New Jersey east-southeast of Paterson on theHackensack River, about 64 km (40 mi) long. The city is an industrial and residential suburb of New York City. Population, 37,049. 哈肯萨克：美国新泽西州东北部一城市，位于帕特森东南偏东，在哈肯萨克 河上，该河约长64公里（40英里）该城是纽约的工业和住宅区。人口37,049 〔Battery〕A park at the southern tip of Manhattan Island at the upper end of New York Bay in southeast New York. It is the site of early Dutch and English fortifications and of Castle Clinton, built in 1808 for the defense of the harbor.炮台公园：曼哈顿岛南端的公园，位于纽约东南部的纽约湾北端。1808年为保护港口而建，早期荷兰和英国的防御工事及克林顿城堡就在此地〔Knickerbocker〕After Diedrich Knickerbocker , fictitious author of History of New York by Washington Irving 源自德里希 Knickerbocker ， 纽约的历史 的虚构作者，由华盛顿·欧文著 〔Stengel〕American baseball player and manager, most notably of the New York Yankees (1948-1960), a team he led to ten American league pennants and seven World Series championships.斯坦格尔，查尔斯·狄龙：(1890?-1975) 美国棒球运动员和经理，在纽约美国佬队(1948-1960年）时最著名，此队曾获得过十次美国联盟锦旗和七次世界锦标赛冠军〔Kingston〕A city of southeast New York on the Hudson River north of Poughkeepsie. Permanently established in 1652, it was the capital of New York State until the British burned the town in October 1777. Population, 23,095.金斯顿：纽约州东南部一城市，位于哈得孙河边波基普西北面。1652年永久建成。在1777年十月英国人烧毁城镇之前它是纽约州的首府。人口23,095〔pit〕"New York politics are the pits"(Washington Star)“纽约的政策是最糟糕”(华盛顿之星)〔myopia〕"For Lorca, New York is a symbol of spiritual myopia"(Edwin Honig)“对洛卡来说，纽约是精神缺乏远见的象征”(埃德温·霍尼格)〔laywoman〕“[a program] to educate laywomen in the ways of political campaigns" (New York)“ 通过搞政治运动的方式教育妇女” (纽约)〔Greeley〕American journalist and politician who founded and edited theNew York Tribune (1841-1872). In 1872 he ran unsuccessfully for President. 格里利，霍勒斯：(1811-1872) 美国报刊编辑和政治家，创建并主编《纽约论坛报》 （1841-1872年）。1872年竞选总统失败 〔Pulitzer〕Hungarian-born American journalist and newspaper publisher who owned newspapers in St. Louis and New York City and established and endowed the Pulitzer Prizes.普利策，约瑟夫：(1847-1911) 匈牙利裔美国新闻工作者和报纸发行人，他在圣路易斯和纽约拥有几家报社且设立并颁发了普利策奖金〔Manhattan〕A borough of New York City in southeast New York, mainly onManhattan Island at the north end of New York Bay. Peter Minuit of the Dutch West Indies Company bought the island in 1626 from the Manhattan Indians, supposedly for some $24 worth of merchandise. The settlement of New Amsterdam, renamed New York when the English assumed control in 1664, quickly spread from the southern tip of the island, eventually becoming the financial, commercial, and cultural center of the United States. Population, 1,487,536. 曼哈顿区：美国纽约州东南部纽约市里的一个拥有自治权的区，主要位于曼哈顿岛 上，即纽约湾的北头。据说荷兰西印度公司一名叫彼得·米纽伊特的职工在1626年用仅值约24美元的货物从居住于曼哈顿的印第安人手中购得此岛。始建时名为新阿姆斯特丹，1664年英国人接管时改称纽约。这儿的定居点迅速发展到了该岛的南头，最终成为了美国的金融、商业和文化中心。人口1,487,536 〔pay〕She paid her dues in small-town theaters before getting a part in a Broadway play.她通过在小城镇的戏剧院出名后才在纽约百老汇戏剧娱乐业获得了一席之地〔Dana〕American newspaperman who as owner-editor of theNew York Sun (after 1868) promoted a lively, readable style and stressed human-interest stories. 达纳，查尔斯·安德森：(1819-1897) 美国报人，是《纽约太阳报》 (1868年以后）的编辑主任，创新一种生动的、可读性强的报纸风格，并重视人类利益的故事 〔air〕"The ad was submitted to CBS . . . which accepted and aired it"(New York)“委托CBS的广告播送了”(纽约)〔Tucker〕American tenor who performed with the New York Metropolitan Opera from 1945 to 1975.塔克，理查德：(1914?-1975) 美国男高音歌唱家，1945年至1975年为纽约都市歌剧院演员〔Farrar〕American operatic soprano. A member of the Metropolitan Opera of New York (1906-1922), she was noted for her roles inCarmen and Madame Butterfly. 法拉尔，杰拉尔丁：(1882-1967) 美国女高音歌唱家。纽约首都剧院成员（1906-1922年），因在《卡门》 和 《蝴蝶夫人》 中扮演角色而受人瞩目 |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。