| 单词 | 练习 |
| 释义 | 〔example〕A problem or exercise used to illustrate a principle or method.例证：用来举例说明一个原则或方法的一道问题或练习〔vocalise〕An exercise, a composition, or an arrangement in which a performer sings sol-fa syllables or other meaningless vocal sounds rather than a text.练声曲：一种练习、曲子或排练，歌手在进行过程中演唱视唱法音节或其它一些无意义的元音，而非演唱歌曲〔therapeutic〕a therapeutic agent; therapeutic exercises.治疗剂；治疗练习〔extemporaneous〕an offhand remark. What isunrehearsed is said or done without rehearsal or practice though not necessarily without forethought: 随意的评论。 所谓unrehearsed ，就是未经复述或练习就说或做的， 虽然没有不构思的必要： 〔ease〕She practiced until she could play the sonata with ease.她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止〔practice〕drill pupils in the multiplication tables;让学生们练习乘法口诀表；〔relinquish〕To put aside or desist from (something practiced, professed, or intended).作罢，断念：停止或把（练习过的，专长的或想做的事）放在一边〔extemporaneous〕a few unrehearsed comments.未经练习的评论。〔celebrity〕a celebrity fundraising dinner; celebrity exercise books.一次社会名流筹措资金的晚宴；人人皆知的练习书〔etude〕A composition featuring a point of technique but performed because of its artistic merit.练习曲：亦指为了练习某一技巧但又有演奏艺术价值的乐曲〔examination〕A set of questions or exercises testing knowledge or skill.考试，试题：为检查知识或技能而编制的一套问题或练习〔nonstandard〕The termnonstandard was introduced by linguists and lexicographers to describe usages and language varieties that had previously been labeled with terms such as vulgar and illiterate. Nonstandardis not simply a euphemism but reflects the empirical discoverythat the varieties used by low-prestige groups have rich and systematic grammatical structuresand that their stigmatization more often reflects a judgment about their speakersrather than any inherent deficiencies in logic or expressive power.Note, however, that the use of nonstandard forms is not necessarily restricted to the communities with which they are associated in the public mind.Many educated speakers freely use forms such ascan't hardly or ain't I to set a popular or informal tone. · Some dictionaries use the termsubstandard to describe forms, such asain't, associated with uneducated speech, while reservingnonstandard for forms such as irregardless, which are common in writingbut are still regarded by many as uneducated.Butsubstandard is itself susceptible of disparaging interpretation, and most linguists and lexicographers now use onlynonstandard, the practice followed in this Dictionary.词条nonstandard 被语言学家和词典编辑人引进用来描述以前已被词条，例如 vulgar 和 illiterate归类的用法和语言种类。 Nonstandand不只是委婉的说法， 而且反映了凭经验得到的发现：被具有权威的群体所用的语种有丰富而且系统的语法结构，而且这些误解被轻蔑描绘更经常地反映了对其说话者的判断，而不是对任何天生的逻辑和表达力的缺乏。然而，要注意，非标准语形式的运用并不必要限制于在公众心目中与其所联系的团体。许多受过教育的说话者自由地用这些形式如can't hardly 或者 ain't I 说流行或非正式的句子。 有些字典用substandard 来描述此类形式， 如ain't， 并与未受教育的言语相联系， 而同时保留nonstandard 用来形容 irregardless 这一类形式， 这些形式普遍用于写作中，但仍被许多人认为是未受教育的用法。但是substandard 本身很容易引起贬低含义的翻译， 大多数语言学家和词典编辑现在只用nonstandard， 在此词典后边有练习〔palestra〕A public place in ancient Greece for training and practice in wrestling and other athletics.斗技训练所：古希腊训练和练习摔跤和其它运动的公共场所〔laboratory〕A place for practice, observation, or testing.试点：用于练习、观察或测试的场所〔exercise〕A task, problem, or other effort performed to develop or maintain fitness or increase skill:练习，操练：为提高或保持身体健康或增强技巧而完成的任务、难题或其他努力：〔call〕Let's call the game a draw. I'd hardly call him a good manager.就称这比赛是练习吧。我很难称他为一位好的经理〔workbook〕A booklet containing problems and exercises that a student may work directly on the pages.练习册：一本包括问题和练习的小册子，学生可直接做在上面〔dancewear〕Clothing such as leotards and warmup suits that are worn for dance practice and exercising.舞蹈衣：在舞蹈练习和锻练时所穿的衣服，如紧身连衣裤和准备运动时所穿的运动服〔intellectualism〕Exercise or application of the intellect.知性：智力的练习或运用〔shadowbox〕To spar with an imaginary opponent, as for exercise or training purposes.影子拳击：为练习或训练目的与假想的对手打斗〔pretest〕A test taken for practice.预考：练习性质的考试〔tracksuit〕A loose-fitting jacket and pants worn by athletes and exercisers usually before and after workouts.田径服：由运动员及锻炼者穿的宽松的茄克衫和短裤，通常在运动练习之前和之后穿〔rehearse〕To practice (a part in a play, for example) in preparation for a public performance.排练：在准备公开演出时练习（例如戏剧的一部分）〔dummy〕An imitation of a real or original object, intended to be used as a practical substitute.模拟靶：实际或初始目标的模拟物，用作练习时的替代物〔rehearse〕To practice something, such as a speech, before presenting it publicly.公开练习：在公众面前公开以前练习某事物，如讲演〔sweat〕To cause to perspire, as by drugs, heat, or strenuous exercise.因…而出汗：通过药物、热气或繁重的练习使出汗〔composition〕A short essay, especially one written as an academic exercise.作文：短小的散文，尤指写成的作业练习〔drill〕A task or exercise for teaching a skill or procedure by repetition:演习：为传授技术或程序而反复做的任务或练习：〔speller〕An elementary textbook containing exercises that teach spelling.单词拼写课本：含有拼字练习的基础教科书〔practice〕practiced the students in handwriting.教学生们练习书法〔hone〕a speaker who honed her delivery by long practice.一个演讲者通过长期练习来磨练提高她的口才〔extemporize〕To do or perform (something) without prior preparation or practice:即兴做，当场表演：未经提前准备或练习而做或表演（某事物）：〔rehearsal〕A session of practice for a performance, as of a play.排练：为戏剧演出的一次练习〔calisthenics〕(used with a sing. verb)The practice or art of such exercises:（与单数动词连用）健美操：这种运动的练习或艺术：〔drill〕Disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure.训练：受控制的、反复的练习，以做为转授或完成一项技术或程序的手段〔understudy〕To study or know (a role) so as to be able to replace the regular performer when required.学习（某角色）以便当替角；练习当替角：学习或了解（一个角色）以便能在需要时代替正式的演员〔drill〕To perform a training exercise.操练：进行练习〔practice〕To do or perform (something) repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill:练习：为获取或提高技能而反复做或练习（某事）：〔dear〕"This good man was a dear lover and constant practicer of angling"(Izaak Walton)“这个好人热衷于钓鱼并不断地练习”(艾萨克·沃尔顿)〔sportsmanship〕The fact or practice of participating in sports or a sport.运动实践：参加运动的事实或练习 |
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