| 单词 | 细胞 |
| 释义 | 〔redifferentiation〕A process by which a group of once differentiated cells return to their original specialized form.再分化：一组曾经分化过的细胞回到它们原来的特定形态的过程〔sporozoite〕Any of the minute undeveloped sporozoans produced by multiple fission of a zygote or spore, especially at the stage just before it infects a new host cell.孢子体、子孢子：一种由受精卵或孢子的成熟分裂而产生的微小的未发育的孢子物，尤指在未感染一个新的寄生细胞阶段〔interphase〕The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.分裂间期：两个相继的有丝分裂或减数分裂之间的一个细胞形态〔cryosurgery〕The selective exposure of tissues to extreme cold, often by applying a probe containing liquid nitrogen, to bring about the destruction or elimination of abnormal cells.冷冻手术：有选择地将组织暴露在极度寒冷中，通常用含有液化氮的冷冻探针，来损坏或去除发生病变的细胞〔lignocellulose〕A combination of lignin and cellulose that strengthens woody plant cells.木质纤维素：木质纤维素和纤维素的组合物，可强化木质植物的细胞〔episome〕A genetic particle of certain cells, especially bacterial cells, that can exist either autonomously in the cytoplasm or as part of a chromosome.附加体，游离体：某些细胞的遗传粒子，尤其是细菌细胞， 能够自动存在于胞质中或成为染色体的一部分〔lysin〕An antibody that is capable of causing the destruction or dissolution of red blood cells, bacteria, or other cellular elements.溶素：一种能够引起红细胞、细菌或其它细胞成份的损害或溶解的抗体〔morphallaxis〕The regeneration of a body part by means of structural or cellular reorganization with only limited production of new cells, observed primarily in invertebrate organisms, such as certain lobsters.变形再生：某一身体部位通过构造或细胞重组织的方式再生，并产生有限新细胞，主要发生于无脊椎生物体，如龙虾〔agamete〕An asexual reproductive cell, such as a spore.无性生殖体：一种无性生殖细胞，如孢子〔antigen〕A substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody. Antigens include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells, and the cells of transplanted organs.抗原：当被引入人体内可以促进抗体产生的物质。抗原包括毒素，细菌，异体血球和移植器官的细胞〔Stevens〕American cytogeneticist whose studies on the chromosomes of the common mealworm led to the discovery of the chromosomal determination of sex.斯蒂文斯，内蒂雅·玛丽：(1861-1912) 美国细胞遗传学家，其普通大黄粉虫幼体染色体研究导致了性别染色体有决定性的发现〔endotoxin〕A toxin produced by certain bacteria and released upon destruction of the bacterial cell.内毒素：由某些特定细菌产生并在该细菌细胞裂变时释放出来的一种毒素〔streptozotocin〕An antibiotic, C8H 15N 3O 7, produced by an actinomycete (Streptomyces achromogenes) and active against tumors but damaging to insulin-producing cells and now also regarded as a carcinogen. 链脲霉素：一种抗生素，分子式为C8H 15N 3O 7，由 （不产色链霉菌） 的放线菌产生，对肿瘤有抗性，但对产生胰岛素的细胞有伤害，现在也被认为是致癌物 〔volutin〕A granular substance that stains easily with a basic dye and is often rich in phosphorus, found in the cytoplasm of various bacterial and fungal cells.异染质，迂回体：一种易与基本染料相染常富含磷的颗粒状物质，存在于各种细菌和真菌细胞的细胞质中〔tat〕A gene in the AIDS virus that stimulates the host cell to replicate genetic components of the virus.转移活化基因：爱滋病病毒中的一种基因，能刺激寄生细胞复制爱滋病病毒的基因成分〔idioblast〕A plant cell that differs noticeably in form from neighboring cells.异细胞，生原体：与相邻的细胞截然不同的细胞〔crystal〕The unit cell of such a pattern.晶胞：这种结构的单位细胞〔ubiquinone〕A quinone compound that serves as an electron carrier between flavoproteins and in cellular respiration.辅酶Q：一种苯醌衍生物，在黄素蛋白中以及细胞呼吸作用为成分携带者〔nondisjunction〕The failure of paired chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate and go to different cells during meiosis.（染色体的）不分开，不分离：在减数分裂过程中，成对的染色体或同型的染色单体不分离到不同的细胞中〔mesosome〕A convoluted invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane in some bacterial cells.中间体：某些细菌细胞中细胞质膜的回旋内陷〔oogonium〕A female reproductive structure in certain thallophytes, usually a rounded cell or sac containing one or more oospheres.雌性生殖结构：在某些同节植物中的雌性生殖组织，通常是一个圆形细胞或气囊，包含一个或多个卵球〔transposon〕A segment of DNA that is capable of moving to a new position within the same or another chromosome, plasmid, or cell and thereby transferring genetic properties such as resistance to antibiotics.转位子：一种脱氧核糖核酸片断，它能够移到同一个或另一个染色体、质体或细胞上的新位置，并转录各种基因的特性，如对抗菌体的抵抗力〔spermatid〕Any of the four haploid cells formed by meiosis in a male organism that develop into spermatozoa without further division.精细胞：雄性有机体中通过减数分裂产生的四个单倍体细胞之任何一个，无需经进一步的分裂就能发展成为精子〔pole〕Either extremity of the main axis of a nucleus, a cell, or an organism.卵细胞的极：细胞核、细胞或有机体的主轴两端的任一端〔opsonize〕To make (bacteria or other cells) more susceptible to the action of phagocytes.使（细胞）易被吞噬细胞吞噬〔polygenesis〕Derivation of a species or type from more than one ancestor or germ cell.多源发生说；多细胞繁殖：从一个以上的祖先或初始细胞衍生成为一个物种或一种类型〔pituicyte〕A small branching cell of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.垂体后叶小细胞：位于脑垂体腺的后裂片上的小型分枝细胞〔morphogen〕Any of various chemicals in embryonic tissue that influence the movement and organization of cells during morphogenesis by forming a concentration gradient.构形素，定形素：在形态发生过程中通过形成浓度梯度从而对细胞的运动和组织产生影响的胚胎组织中多种化学品的任何一种〔auxin〕Any of several plant hormones that regulate various functions, including cell elongation.植物生长素：一种调节多种功能，包括细胞伸长的植物激素〔revertant〕A revertant organism, cell, or strain.回复突变等位基因：回复突变的有机体、细胞或品系〔deutoplasm〕The nutritive substances or yolk in the cytoplasm of an ovum or other cell.滋养质：卵细胞或其他细胞的细胞质中的卵黄或营养物质〔mitochondrion〕A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy. Also called chondriosome 线粒体：几乎所有真核细胞中的球状或长丝状细胞器，包含遗传物质及对细胞新陈代谢重要的许多酶，包括负责把食物转化成可用能量的酶 也作 chondriosome〔frustule〕The hard, siliceous bivalve shell of a diatom.硅藻细胞壳：硅藻的坚硬含硅的硬壳〔hybrid〕a hybrid tulip; a hybrid cell.杂交郁金香；杂交细胞〔AIDS〕A severe immunological disorder caused by the retrovirus HIV, resulting in a defect in cell-mediated immune response that is manifested by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and to certain rare cancers, especially Kaposi's sarcoma. It is transmitted primarily by venereal routes or exposure to contaminated blood or blood products.爱滋病：一种由逆转录酶病毒引起的严重免疫系统混乱，导致细胞介质免疫功能的缺失，表现为容易受感染和受某些罕见癌症的侵袭，尤其是卡波济氏肿瘤。主要经过性交渠道或接触受感染的血液或血液制品而传播〔oligodendrocyte〕One of the cells comprising the oligodendroglia.少突细胞：构成少突神经胶质的细胞〔siderocyte〕A red blood cell containing granules of iron that are not part of the cell's hemoglobin.高铁红细胞：一种含有铁元素的颗粒状红血细胞，这些颗粒不是细胞血红蛋白的组成部分〔synapse〕The junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland cell.突触：一个神经元的轴突接触并影响另一个神经元的树突或胞体，一个肌肉细胞或分泌腺细胞〔cytotoxic〕Of, relating to, or producing a toxic effect on cells.毒害细胞的，细胞毒素的：毒害细胞的，有关细胞毒素的或造成对细胞毒害的〔retinula〕A cluster of pigmented sensory cells in the compound eye of an arthropod.小网膜：在节足动物复眼中的一组有色的知觉细胞 |
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