| 单词 | 细菌 |
| 释义 | 〔tyrothricin〕New Latin Tyrothrix [former bacteria genus name] Greek turos [cheese] * see teuə- Greek thrix [hair] 新拉丁语 Tyrothrix [以前的细菌属名] 希腊语 turos [奶酪] * 参见 teuə- 希腊语 thrix [头发] 〔spirochete〕Any of various slender, spiral, motile bacteria of the order Spirochaetales, many of which are pathogenic, causing syphilis, relapsing fever, yaws, and other diseases.螺旋体：螺旋体目各种细长的、螺旋形的游走细菌，其中许多是病原性的，能引起梅毒、回归热，雅司病及其他疾病〔rhizobium〕Any of various nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genusRhizobium that form nodules on the roots of leguminous plants, such as clover and beans. 根瘤菌：在豆科植物，例如苜蓿及大豆根部上形成小瘤的根瘤茵属 类的各种固氮细菌的任一种 〔streptobacillus〕Any of various gram-negative, rod-shaped, often pathogenic bacteria of the genusStreptobacillus, occurring in chains, especially S. moniliformis, which causes a type of rat-bite fever. 链杆菌：一种革兰氏阴性的杆状，经常为单性生殖细菌链杆菌 属，呈链形，尤指引起一种鼠咬热的 念珠形链杆菌 〔enterotoxin〕A toxin produced by bacteria that is specific for intestinal cells and causes the vomiting and diarrhea associated with food poisoning.肠毒素：由只限于肠结胸的细菌而产生的毒素，引起呕吐和腹泻并导致食物中毒〔Bordet〕Belgian bacteriologist. He won a 1919 Nobel Prize for advances in immunology.博尔德，朱尔斯·简·巴蒂斯特·文森特：(1870-1961) 比利时细菌生物学家。因在免疫学方面取得的成就而获得1919年诺贝尔奖〔gnotobiotics〕The study of organisms or environmental conditions that have been rendered free of bacteria or contaminants or into which a known microorganism or contaminant has been introduced for research purposes.无菌生物学：研究已经去除所有的细菌或污染物有机体或是环境状况，为了研究目的，再将已知的微生物或是污染物导入〔ampicillin〕A type of penicillin that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used in treating gonorrhea and infections of the intestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts.安匹西林：一种青霉素，抗革兰氏阴性、革兰氏阳性细菌有效，用于治疗淋病以及肠道、泌尿道和呼吸道的感染〔meningococcus〕A bacterium(Neisseria meningitidis) that causes cerebrospinal meningitis. 脑膜炎球菌：引起脑脊膜炎症的（脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌） 的细菌 〔agglutination〕The clumping together of red blood cells or bacteria, usually in response to a particular antibody.凝集：红血球或细菌通常对某种抗体反应后所产生的凝集〔respiration〕Any of various analogous metabolic processes by which certain organisms, such as fungi and anaerobic bacteria, obtain energy from organic molecules.呼吸作用：特定有机体从有机分子中获取能量的各种相似的新陈代谢过程，如真菌及厌氧细菌〔ferment〕Something, such as a yeast, a bacterium, a mold, or an enzyme, that causes fermentation.酶，酵素：酵母菌、细菌、霉菌或酶等能引起发酵的东西〔phagocytosis〕The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies by phagocytes.吞噬作用，噬菌作用：吞噬细胞对细菌或其它异物的吞食和吸收〔chemoautotroph〕An organism, such as a bacterium or a protozoan, that obtains its nourishment through the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds as opposed to photosynthesis.化能自养体：相对于光合作用，细菌和原生动物等通过无机化合物的氧化来获取养分的有机体〔strangles〕An infectious disease of horses and related animals, caused by the bacteriumStreptococcus equi and characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and abscesses under the jaw and around the throat that cause a strangling or choking sensation. （马等的）腺疫：马和与其有关的动物的一种疫病，由细菌同类链球菌 引起，特点为鼻内粘膜发炎和腭下与喉咙附近脓肿，能引起窒息感 〔plasmid〕A circular, double-stranded unit of DNA that replicates within a cell independently of the chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are most often found in bacteria and are used in recombinant DNA research to transfer genes between cells.质粒：在细胞中能独立于染色体DNA而复制的圆形的，双链的DNA单元质粒大多常发现于细菌中，在DNA重组体研究中用来在细胞间传递基因〔intestinal〕the intestinal wall; intestinal bacteria.肠壁；肠道细菌〔meningitis〕Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord, most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection and characterized by fever, vomiting, intense headache, and stiff neck.脑膜炎：脑膜及脊髓膜的炎症，通常是由细菌或病毒感染而引起，以高烧、呕吐、剧烈头痛及脖子僵硬为特征〔pseudomonad〕Any of various gram-negative, rod-shaped, mostly aerobic flagellated bacteria of the phylum Pseudomonad, commonly found in soil, water, and decaying matter and including some plant and animal pathogens.假单胞菌：任一种革兰氏阴性杆菌的假单胞菌门好氧鞭毛虫细菌，一般见于土壤、水、腐败物，还有一些植物和动物的病原体中〔vestimentiferan〕Any of various marine tubeworms, including the giant tubeworms, of the phylum Vestimentifera, that lack a digestive system, depend on chemoautotrophic bacteria for nutrients, and inhabit areas close to deep sea hydrothermal vents or areas of cold water seeps on continental margins.衣管虫：各种海生管虫，包括衣管虫门的巨型管虫，其缺少消化系统，从化学自养细菌中摄取营养，居住于靠近深海热液出口的区域或陆地边缘冷水渗出区域〔toxalbumin〕Any of various toxic proteins obtained from certain plants and bacterial cultures.有毒蛋白质：从某些植物及培养的细菌中提取出来的有毒蛋白质〔engineer〕"Researchers . . . compared insulin manufactured by bacteria genetically engineered with recombinant DNA techniques to the commercial insulin obtained from swine or cattle"(Fusion)“科研工作者们利用遗传工程学DNA重组技术从细菌制成的胰岛素与由猪或牛得来的商业胰岛素做比较”(融合)〔chlortetracycline〕A broad-spectrum antibiotic, C22H 23ClN 2O 8, obtained from the soil bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens and used in the treatment of a variety of infections. 氯四环素：一种广谱抗生素，C22H 23ClN 2O 8，从土壤细菌 金霉素链菌 获得，用来治疗多种感染症 〔streptovaricin〕Any of a group of antibiotics produced by an actinomycete(Streptomyces spectabilis) and active against various bacteria and viruses. 曲张链丝菌素：由一种链霉菌（状观链梅菌 链霉菌属） 产生的一组抗生素，对抵抗多种细菌和病毒有作用 〔bacteremia〕The presence of bacteria in the blood.菌血症：血液中细菌的存在〔myxobacterium〕Any of numerous gram-negative, rod-shaped saprophytic bacteria of the phylum Myxobacteria, typically found embedded in slime in which they form complex colonies and noted for their ability to move by gliding along surfaces without any known organ of locomotion.粘杆菌：粘细菌目中的一种革兰氏阴性、且呈杆状的腐生细胞，通常存在由粘液包围形成混合的菌落，以其没有任何可知的移位器官却能靠表面滑行的能力而闻名〔doxorubicin〕An antibiotic obtained from the bacteriumStreptomyces peuceticus, used as an anticancer drug. 链霉菌：从细菌获得的一种抗菌素链霉菌属 用作抗癌药物 〔sealant〕A plastic resin used in dentistry to coat the chewing surfaces of the back teeth to prevent the growth of cavity-causing bacteria.密封填充物：一种塑料合成脂，修牙时用作后牙咀嚼面的加封层，来抑制导致虫牙细菌的生长〔bacillus〕Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming, aerobic bacteria of the genusBacillus that often occur in chains and include Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax. 芽孢杆菌：一种芽孢杆菌属 可生成孢子的杆状好氧细菌，经常成串地产生，包括可引起炭疽病的 炭疽杆菌 〔coliform〕Of or relating to the bacilli that commonly inhabit the intestines of human beings and other vertebrates, especially the colon bacillus.大肠杆菌的：寄生在人类和其他脊椎动物的直肠中的细菌的或与之相关的，尤其是结肠菌〔lysogenic〕Carrying a prophage within the cell. Used of a bacterium.产噬的：在细胞内带有前噬菌体的。用于细菌〔strain〕a superior strain of wheat; a smooth strain of bacteria.麦子的高级品系；细菌的无凸凹种类〔pneumonia〕An acute or chronic disease marked by inflammation of the lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms and sometimes by physical and chemical irritants.肺炎：一种急性或慢性疾病，特征是肺部发炎，由病毒、细菌或其它微生物引起，有时由物理和化学的刺激物引起〔spirillum〕Any of various aerobic bacteria of the genusSpirillum, having an elongated spiral form and bearing a tuft of flagella. 螺菌：一种螺菌属 需氧细菌，呈细长的螺旋状，头部有帽或鞭毛 〔capreomycin〕An antibiotic derived from a bacterium(Streptomyces capreolus) that is effective against the microorganism responsible for tuberculosis in human beings. 卷曲霉素，卷须霉素：从一种细菌（缠绕链霉菌） 中提取的一种抗生素，能有效地杀死导致人类肺结核的微生物 〔photophore〕A light-producing organ found especially in marine fishes that emits light from specialized structures or derives light from symbiotic luminescent bacteria.发光器官：常在海洋鱼类身上发现的一个发光器官，可以从特殊的结构中散射光或是从共生的发冷光细菌中提取光〔siderochrome〕Any of various chemical compounds that transport iron across cell membranes, as in bacteria.铁铬：一种可运载铁元素穿越细胞膜的化合物，如细菌中的〔spore〕A dormant, nonreproductive body formed by certain bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions.种胚：一种由特定的细菌在不利的环境条件下反应而成的休眠的非再生体〔monotrichous〕Having one flagellum at only one pole or end, as certain bacteria.单鞭毛的：只在一极或一端有一个鞭毛的，如某种细菌〔blackleg〕A bacterial or fungal disease of certain plants, such as the cabbage and potato, that causes the stems to turn black at the soil line.黑茎病：某些植物，如卷心菜和土豆的一种细菌或真菌疾病，引起茎干在与土接壤处变黑 |
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