| 单词 | 经院哲学 |
| 释义 | 〔Rabelais〕French humanist and writer of satirical attacks on medieval scholasticism and superstition, most notablyPantagruel (1532) and Gargantua (1534). 拉伯雷，弗朗索瓦：(1494?-1553) 法国人文主义者，作品对中世纪经院哲学和迷信进行讽刺，最著名的作品为《庞大固埃》 （1532年）和 《卡冈都亚》 （1534年） 〔Mercier〕Belgian theologian and religious leader who spoke out against the excesses of the German troops occupying Belgium during World War I and is noted for his application of the scholasticism of Saint Thomas Aquinas to modern thought.梅西耶，德瑟拉·约瑟夫：(1851-1926) 比利时神学家和宗教领袖，他曾强烈抗议第一次世界大战期间占领比利时的德军的暴行，并以其在现代思想中对圣·托马斯·阿奎那的经院哲学的运用而著名〔Hypatia〕Neo-Platonist philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer who lived and taught in Alexandria. Her prominence and adherence to pagan scholasticism led to her being murdered by a Christian mob.海帕希亚：在亚历山大居住及教学的新柏拉图派哲学家、数学家、及天文学家。她对异教经院哲学的卓越成就及信奉使她遭基督教暴民谋杀〔Aquinas〕Italian Dominican monk, theologian, and philosopher. The outstanding representative of Scholasticism, he applied Aristotelian methods to Christian theology. His masterwork isSumma Theologica (1266-1273). 阿奎那，托马斯：(1225-1274) 意大利多明我会修道士，神学家和哲学家。经院哲学杰出代表，他将亚里士多德的方法应用于基督神学。他的名著是《神学大全》 （1266-1273年） 〔Maritain〕French philosopher and critic noted for his interpretations of Saint Thomas Aquinas. His works includeArt and Scholasticism (1920). 马里丹，雅克：(1882-1973) 法国哲学家和评论家，以其对圣·托马斯·阿奎那著作的阐释而闻名，作品包括《艺术与经院哲学》 （1920年） 〔vegetable〕When the speaker in Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" tells his mistressthat "Had we but world enough, and time . . . /My vegetable love should grow/Vaster than empires and more slow,” he "makes one think of pumpkins and eternity in one breath,”as one critic has playfully suggested.However,vegetable in this case is used figuratively in the sense, "having the property of life and growth, as does a plant.”This use is based on the ancient religious and philosophical notion of the tripartite soul as interpreted by the Scholastics:thevegetative soul common to plants, animals, and humans; thesensitive soul common to animals and humans; and therational soul, found only in humans. “ Vegetable love" in Marvell's poem is thus a love that grows, takes nourishment, and reproduces,although it grows slowly.Marvell's use illustrates the original sense ofvegetable, first recorded in the 15th century.In a work published in 1582 we find recorded for the first time the adjective use ofvegetable familiar to us, "having to do with plants.” In a work of the same date appears the first instance ofvegetable as a noun, meaning "a plant.” It is not until the 18th century that we find the noun and adjective used in the more restricted way associated with the injunction "Eat your vegetables.”当安德鲁·马韦尔的“致他的羞涩情人”一诗中的说话者告诉他的情人 “如果我们有足够的世界和时间…/我的植物一样的爱会生长得/比帝国更广大、更慢”时，他“使人想起了南瓜以及一息之间的永恒，”某个批评家开玩笑似地说。然而，在这个情况下vegetable 是被用于比喻意义上的， 意思是“象植物一样具有生命和生长的性质”。这一用法是基于由经院哲学家所释的三重灵魂的古代宗教和哲学观念之上的：vegetative 的灵魂为植物、动物和人类共有； sensitive 的灵魂为动物和人类共有； 而rational 的灵魂却只存在于人类中。 因此马韦尔诗中的“植物的爱”是一种生长的、吸取营养并繁殖的爱，但是它长得很慢。马韦尔的这一用法指示了vegetable 的原先的含义， 最早记录于15世纪。在一部出版于1582年的作品中，我们第一次找到了已为我们熟悉的vegetable 一词的形容词用法的记录，意思是“与植物有关的”。 在同一时期的另一部作品中，出现了vegetable 作为名词用的第一个例子，意思是“植物”。 直到18世纪，我们才发现该名词和形容词被用于与“吃你的蔬菜”这一命令相关的更受限制的方式中〔scholasticism〕Often Scholasticism The dominant western Christian theological and philosophical school of the Middle Ages, based on the authority of the Latin Fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators. 常作 Scholasticism 经院哲学：一个中世纪占统治地位的西方基督教神学和哲学派别，其权威的基础为拉丁神父和亚里斯多德及他的评论家 |
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