| 单词 | 统治时期 |
| 释义 | 〔Churchill〕English general and statesman during the reigns of James II, Anne, and George I. He is considered among history's greatest military commanders.丘吉尔，约翰：(1650-1722) 詹姆斯二世、安妮和乔治一世统治时期的英国将军和政治家。他被认为是历史上最伟大的军事指挥官之一〔Amman〕The capital and largest city of Jordan, in the north-central part of the country. Occupying a site inhabited since prehistoric times, the city was known as Philadelphia while the Romans and Byzantines controlled it. Population, 777,500.安曼：约旦首都和全国最大城市，位于该国的中北部。这个地方史前时代就有人居住，罗马和拜占庭统治时期称为费拉德尔菲亚（费城），人口777,500〔John〕King of England (1199-1216). The youngest son of Henry II, he schemed against his father and his brother Richard I. During his reign, the English lost most of their possessions in France. The nobility rose against John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta (June 15, 1215), a cornerstone of English freedom.约翰：英格兰国王(1199-1216年）。他是亨利二世最小的儿子，曾密谋反对其父及其兄理查一世。在他统治时期，英国丧失了其在法国的大部分领地。贵族们起来反抗他并强迫他签署了大宪章(1215年6月15日），该宪章为英国自由的奠基石〔Nijmegen〕A city of eastern Netherlands on the Waal River near the German border. Founded in Roman times, it flourished under Charlemagne (eighth-ninth century) and later became a free imperial city and a member of the Hanseatic League. Population, 147,102.奈梅亨：荷兰东部的一座城市，临瓦尔河与德国交界。建于罗马时代，兴盛于查理曼统治时期(8至9世纪），后来成为一个独立的帝国城市且为汉萨同盟的一员。人口147,102〔Nathan〕In the Old Testament, a prophet during the reigns of David and Solomon.内森：在旧约里大卫和所罗门统治时期的一位预言家〔Ptolemaic〕Of or relating to the Ptolemies or to Egypt during their rule.托勒密王朝的，托勒密王朝统治时期的：托勒密王朝的和由托勒密王朝统治的埃及的或与它们有关的〔Trier〕A city of southwest Germany on the Moselle River near the Luxembourg border. Settled by the Treveri, an eastern Gaulish people, it was an important commercial center under the Romans and later as part of the Holy Roman Empire. The city was under French control from 1797 until 1815. Population, 94,190.特里尔：德国西南部的一个城市，位于摩泽尔河畔，靠近卢森堡边界。该市是高卢东部的一个民族——特维希人建立的，在罗马人统治时期是重要的商业中心，后来成为神圣罗马帝国的一部分。该市在1797年至1815年一直被法国控制。人口94,190〔Aton〕An Egyptian god of the sun, regarded during the reign of Akhenaton as the only god.阿托恩：埃及的一位太阳神，埃赫那顿统治时期被奉为唯一的神〔Wagner〕German-born American politician. A U.S. senator from New York (1927-1949), he sponsored important social legislation during Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, most notably the National Labor Relations Act (1935).瓦格纳，罗伯特·费迪南德：(1877-1953) 德国出生的美国政治家，是来自纽约的参议员(1927-1949年），在富兰克林·D·罗斯福统治时期，为重要社会法案的支持者，最有名的是国家劳工关系(1935年）〔London〕The capital and largest city of the United Kingdom, on the Thames River in southeast England. Greater London consists of 32 boroughs surrounding the City of London, built on the site of a Roman outpost named Londinium. Its growth as an important trade center dates from 886, under the rule of Alfred the Great. During the Elizabethan period (1558-1603) London achieved new heights of wealth, power, and influence and has continued to dominate its country's political, economic, and cultural life. The old city was devastated by the plague in 1665 and by the Great Fire of 1666; the modern city was damaged severely by bombs during World War II. Population, 6,851,400.伦敦：英邦联合王国的首都和最大城市，位于英格兰东南部泰晤士河沿岸。大伦敦由环绕伦敦市的三十二个自治城市组成，它建在一个名为伦迪尼厄姆的罗马前哨站上。自886年开始发展成为一个重要的贸易中心，当时由阿尔弗雷德一世执政。在伊丽莎白统治时期（1558-1603年），伦敦在财富、权力和影响力上达到新的高峰，并一直主宰着本国的政治、经济和文化生活。老城遭1665年瘟疫和1666年大火后摧毁；新城在第二次世界大战中被炸弹严重毁坏。人口6,851,400〔Desmoulins〕French journalist and revolutionary who along with Danton urged moderation during the Reign of Terror. She was arrested and guillotined after a mock trial.德穆兰，（卢茜娅·辛普利斯）卡米丽（贝诺特）：(1760-1794) 法国记者，革命份子。她在暴政统治时期，与丹东一起强烈主张温和统治。她被逮捕后，经过一个虚假可笑的审判就被推上了断头台〔Cesena〕A city of north-central Italy east-northeast of Florence. It flourished under the Malatesta family (1379)-1465), who founded its Renaissance-style library. Population, 67,600.切塞纳：意大利中北部一城市，位于佛罗伦萨东北偏东。在马拉特斯塔家族统治时期（1379-1465年）极为繁荣，该家族曾创建了文艺复兴风格图书馆。人口67,600〔Ignatius〕Bishop of Antioch noted especially for his epistles. He was martyred during the reign of the Roman emperor Trajan.圣伊纳哥：安提拉城主教，以其所著的启示书出名。在罗马皇帝图拉真统治时期殉教〔Yorkshire〕A historical region and former county of northern England. It was an important area during Roman times and later became part of the kingdom of Northumbria.约克郡：英格兰北部一历史地区及古代的郡，是罗马统治时期的重要区域，后来成为诺森布里亚王国的一部分〔Macedon〕An ancient kingdom of northern Greece originally occupying territory north of Thessaly and northwest of the Aegean Sea. It was the center of a powerful empire under Philip II and his son Alexander the Great and contributed significantly to the spread of Hellenistic civilization. It became the first Roman province in 146b.c. 马其顿：原为居住地的希腊北部古王国，位于塞萨利以北和爱琴海西北。马其顿在腓力二世及其子亚历山大大帝统治时期是强大帝国的中心，对希腊文明的传播贡献巨大。公元前 146年成为罗马第一个省 〔Quebec〕Abbr. PQ,P.Q.,Que.A province of eastern Canada. It joined the confederacy in 1867. The region was first explored and claimed for France by Jacques Cartier (1534) and Samuel de Champlain (1608) and was made a royal colony, known as New France, by Louis XIV in 1663. Conflict between the French and British for control of the territory ended in 1763 when Great Britain was given sovereignty, but the French influence has remained dominant. Quebec is the capital and Montreal the largest city. Population, 6,438,403.缩写 PQ,P.Q.,Que.魁北克省：加拿大东部一省份，1867年加入联邦。这一地区最初被雅克·卡蒂埃(1534年）和萨米埃尔·得·尚普兰(1608年）发现并宣布为法国领土。1663年，在路易十四统治时期，成为一皇家殖民地，被称为新法兰西。为了争夺对这块领土的控制，法国和英国之间的斗争一直持续到1763年，大不列颠获得了主权，但是法国的影响一直占主导地位。魁北克市是其首府，蒙特利尔是第一大城市。人口6,438,403〔Valerian〕Emperor of Rome (253-260) whose reign was marked by military and financial troubles. He was defeated by Persian forces (260) and died in captivity.瓦莱里安：罗马皇帝(253-260年），在他的统治时期充满了军事或财政困难，他于260年被波斯武装力量击败并在被俘期间死去〔sunbeam〕The period of European history from the 5th to the 11th century,although often called the Dark Ages,in fact did much to preserve and extend the light of civilization.One of the relatively minor contributions of the time, albeit a fortunate one for us, is the addition of the wordsunbeam to the English language. The word is believed to have entered English in the 9th century through the work of the English king Alfred the Great. A scholar as well as a king, Alfred undertook a number of translations of great Latin writings,rendering them into the English of his time, now known as Old English.Among the works translated during Alfred's reign was a store of narratives and information about England's earliest connections with the Church,called theHistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, or The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, a work composed by the Venerable Bede. Several times in his book Bede uses the Latin phrasecolumna lucis, which we would today translate as "a column of light.”Since the Old English translator did not have the wordcolumn in his vocabulary, he substituted the word beam, which meant "a tree" or "a building post made from a tree.”Columna lucis thus became sunnebeām, or "sun post,” which survives as our sunbeam. Ifsunbeam is perhaps a less stately expression than "column of light,” it has nevertheless served us well. From it the wordbeam alone came to mean "a ray or rays of light"; it subsequently became a verb meaning "to radiate.”It now allows us not only to beam with pride or happinessbut also to beam our broadcasts to other countries and ourselves, as some would have it, through space.Column would never do. 欧洲历史上从5世纪到11世纪这段时期，尽管经常成为黑暗的年代，但为保存和发展文明之光做了很多努力。这个时期相对不太重要的贡献之一，但对我们来说 十分幸运的就是阳光光束 这个单词加进了英语语言中。 人们相信这个词是通过英格兰国王阿尔费雷德大帝的努力于9世纪进入英语的。阿尔费雷德不仅是位国王，他还是位学者，他着手翻译了许多部重要的拉丁文作品，他将它们译成他那个时代的英文，即现在所说的古英语。在阿尔费雷德统治时期翻译的作品中，有一部有关于英格兰与教会的最早联系的丰富叙述和信息，书名是Historia Ecclesiastic Gentis Anglorum 或 The Ecclesiastical History of the English People （英国人民的基督教历史），作者是尊敬的比德。 在这本书中，比德数次使用了拉丁文短语columna hucis ， 今天我们将其译为“一束阳光”。因为古英语翻译家在他所掌握的词汇中还没有column （柱子）这个词，所以他用 beam 这个词代替， 当时的意思是“树”或“用树做成的建筑物的支柱”。Columna lucis 就这样成了 sunnebeam 或“光束”， 它以 sunbeam 的形式存在。 或许sunbeam（阳光光束） 这种表达方法不如“光柱”这么堂皇，但是它很合我们用。 由此，beam 这个词单独也可作“一束光或多束光”讲， 而且它逐渐地变成了动词，意思是“发射，发光”。现在我们不仅可以说因骄傲或幸福而散发光彩，还可以说通过大气向其它国家和我们自己广播，如果他们进行的话。Column 可不行 〔Saragossa〕A city of northeast Spain on the Ebro River northeast of Madrid. An important city under Roman rule, it was held by the Moors from 713 until 1118. Population, 601,235.萨拉戈萨：西班牙东北部一城市，位于埃布罗河畔，马德里的东北方。它是罗马统治时期的一个重要城市，从713年至1118年该城处于摩尔人的控制之下。人口601,235〔Rome〕The capital and largest city of Italy, in the west-central part of the country on the Tiber River. Traditionally founded by Romulus and Remus, it was ruled first by Etruscans, who were overthrown c. 500b.c. The Roman Republic gradually extended its territory and expanded its influence, giving way to the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus (27 b.c. - a.d. 14). As capital of the empire, Rome was considered the center of the known world, but the city declined when Constantine transferred his capital to Byzantium (323). Alaric I conquered the city in 410, leading to a lengthy period of devastation by barbarian tribes. In the Middle Ages the city revived as the spiritual and temporal power of the papacy increased. During the 1800's Rome was held at various times by the French until it became the capital of Italy in 1871. Vatican City remains an independent enclave within the confines of Rome. Population, 2,830,569. 罗马：意大利的首都及最大城市，在该国中西部，濒临台伯河。传统上认为罗马由罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯创建，伊特鲁里亚人最先统治罗马，并于公元前 500年被推翻。罗马共和国逐渐扩展领土和扩大势力，在奥古斯都( 公元前 27年- 公元 14年）统治时期成为罗马帝国。罗马作为帝国的首都，被认为是世界的中心，当康斯坦丁把国都迁往拜占庭后(323年），罗马衰落了。阿拉里克一世于410年征服了罗马从而使野蛮部落给罗马带来长期毁灭性的灾难。中世纪时，随着教皇宗教和世俗权力的上升，罗马又恢复了生机。19世纪期间，罗马不时受到法国人的统治，直至1871成为意大利的首都。梵蒂冈仍为罗马境内独立的外国领地。人口2,830,569 〔Voronezh〕A city of south-central European U.S.S.R. on the Don River northeast of Kharkov. Founded as a frontier fortress in 1586, it was a shipbuilding center during the reign of Peter the Great. Population, 850,000.沃罗涅什：苏联欧洲部分中南部一城市，位于卡尔科夫东北的顿河上。1586年作为边境堡垒建立，在彼得大帝统治时期是造船中心。人口850,000〔Adams〕American historian noted for his nine-volumeHistory of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison (1889-1891). He also wrote a famous autobiography, The Education of Henry Adams (1918). 亚当斯，亨利·布鲁克斯：(1838-1918) 美国历史学家，以其九卷本《杰斐逊和麦迪逊统治时期的美国历史》 （1889-1891年）而闻名。写有著名的自传 《亨利·亚当斯的教育》 （1918年） 〔Procopius〕Byzantine historian during the reign of Justinian I. He wrote histories of the Persian, Vandal, and Gothic wars andAnecdota, an attack on Justinian. 普罗科匹厄斯：查士丁尼一世统治时期的拜占庭历史学家，写了关于波斯人、汪达尔人和哥特人的战争的史书和著作《秘史》 以攻击查士丁尼 〔Huddersfield〕A borough of north-central England northeast of Manchester. First settled in Roman times, it is an industrial center specializing in textiles. Population, 125,800.哈德斯菲尔德：英格兰中部偏北的一自治市，位于曼彻斯特市东北。始建于罗马统治时期，为纺织工业中心。人口125,800〔Nineveh〕An ancient city of Assyria on the Tigris River opposite the site of present-day Mosul, Iraq. As capital of the Assyrian Empire, it enjoyed great influence and prosperity, especially under Sennacherib and Ashurbanipal (seventh centuryb.c. ). The city was captured and destroyed by Babylonia and its allies in 612 b.c. 尼尼微：亚述帝国的一座古城，位于底格里斯河沿岸，与今天伊拉克境内的摩苏尔城相结。曾为亚述帝国的首都，在当时影响极大且极其兴盛，尤其是在西拿基立和阿叔巴尼帕统治时期(公元前 7世纪）。该城在 公元前 612年被巴比伦尼亚及其盟国占领并毁坏 〔kingship〕The period or tenure of a king; a reign.统治时期：国王统治的时期或任期；统治时期〔Tartary〕A vast region of eastern Europe and northern Asia controlled by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries. It extended as far east as the Pacific Ocean under the rule of Genghis Khan.鞑靼地区：13和14世纪被蒙古人统治的东欧和北亚的广大地区。在成吉思汗统治时期这一地区向东一直延伸到太平洋〔Sibiu〕A city of central Romania northwest of Bucharest. Settled in the 12th century by German colonists from Saxony, it was destroyed by Tartars in 1241. The rebuilt city came under Austrian control in 1699. Population, 172,117.锡比乌：罗马尼亚中部一城市，位于布加勒斯特西北。12世纪时来自萨克森地区的日耳曼殖民者定居此地，1241年该城被鞑靼人摧毁，1699年在奥地利统治时期重建。人口172,117〔Britain〕The island of Great Britain during pre-Roman, Roman, and early Anglo-Saxon times before the reign of Alfred the Great (871-899). The name is derived fromBrittania, which the Romans used for the portion of the island that they occupied. 不列颠：在前罗马、罗马以及艾弗烈大帝统治(871-899年）前的早期盎格鲁-撒克逊人统治时期的大不列颠岛。名字来源于《布列塔尼亚》 ，罗马人用它来指他们占领的那部分岛屿 〔Mozarab〕One of a group of Spanish Christians who adopted certain aspects of Arab culture under Moslem rule but practiced a modified form of Christian worship.莫扎勒布：穆斯林统治时期的一些西班牙基督教徒，他们采用穆斯林戒律统辖的阿拉伯文化的某些方面但仍按修改过的基督教徒方式做礼拜〔Gaeta〕A city of west-central Italy northwest of Naples on theGulf of Gaeta, an inlet of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Gaeta was a favorite resort of the ancient Romans and a prosperous duchy from the 9th to the 12th century, when it was conquered by the Normans. Population, 22,605. 加埃塔：意大利中西部那不勒斯西北的一座濒埃塔湾 的城市，在第勒尼安海海湾处。在9世纪至12世纪期间，即诺曼人统治时期，加埃塔是最受罗马人喜爱的旅游胜地。人口22,605 〔Strabo〕Greek geographer and historian whose great work,Geography, is the only extant text that describes the people and countries known to the Greeks and Romans during the reign of Augustus. 斯特拉博：希腊地理学家，历史学家，他的伟大著作《地理》 ，是现存的唯一的于奥古斯都统治时期描绘希腊人与罗马人所知的人民和国家的作品 〔Matsuyama〕A city of western Shikoku, Japan, on the Inland Sea. A port and distribution center, it was an important fortress town during the feudal period. Population, 426,646.松山：日本四国岛西部城市，位于内海沿岸。作为海港和集散中心，在封建统治时期曾是重要堡垒。人口426,646〔Magadha〕An ancient kingdom of northeast India. It was especially powerful from the fourth centuryb.c. to the fifth century a.d. , particularly under the emperor Asoka (third century b.c. ). 摩揭陀：印度东北部的一个古国。它在公元前 4世纪到 公元 5世纪尤为强盛，特别是在皇帝阿育王统治时期( 公元 前3世纪） |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。