| 单词 | 统治期间 |
| 释义 | 〔Titus〕Emperor of Rome (79-81) whose reign was marked by the capture of Jerusalem (70) and by the construction of the Roman Colosseum.提图斯：罗马皇帝(79-81年），在他统治期间著名的事件有攻陷耶路撒冷(70年）和建造罗马圆形剧场〔Mercia〕An Anglo-Saxon kingdom of central England. It was settled by Angles c.a.d. 500 and enjoyed its greatest influence during the rule (757-796) of Offa. In 874 the kingdom was overrun by the Danes and split between Wessex and the Danelaw. 麦西亚：英格兰中部的一个盎格鲁-撒克逊王国。盎格鲁人于公元 500年开始定居于此。在奥发统治期间（757-796年）国力达到鼎盛。874年，王国被丹麦人推翻，并分裂成威塞克斯和施行丹族法的地区两部分 〔Edward〕King of the English (1042-1066) whose reign was marked by political conflict between Norman and English groups.爱德华：英格兰国王（1042-1066年），他的统治期间以诺曼人与英格兰人之间的政治冲突为特征〔Carmona〕President of Portugal (1928-1951) who was a largely symbolic leader during the dictatorial reign of Antonio de Oliveira Salazar.卡莫纳，安东尼奥·奥斯卡·德·弗拉格索：(1869-1951) 葡萄牙总统（1928-1951年），在安东尼奥·德·奥立维勒·萨拉查的独裁统治期间，他大体上只是一个象征性的领导人〔Madrid〕The capital and largest city of Spain, on the central plateau north-northeast of Toledo. Built on the site of a Moorish fortress captured in the 10th century, it became the capital in 1561 during the reign of Philip II and grew in importance and magnificence under the Bourbons in the 18th century. Madrid was a Loyalist stronghold during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Population, 3,200,234.马德里：西班牙的首都和最大城市，位于中央高原托莱多的东北偏北方向。10世纪时在一个被攻占的莫里斯人要塞基础上修建而成，在1561年菲利浦二世统治期间成为首都。18世纪波旁王朝时期它的地位尤为重要和突出。马德里在西班牙内战期间(1936-1939年）是忠于共和国政府并反对佛朗哥叛军的大本营。人口3,200,234〔Qin〕A Chinese dynasty (221-206b.c. ) that established the first centralized imperial government in China. Much of the Great Wall of China was built during the rule of this dynasty. 秦朝：中国一朝代(公元前 221-206年），建立了中国第一个中央集权制的帝国政府。中国长城的很大一部分是在这个朝代的统治期间建成的 〔Honorius〕Roman emperor of the West (395-423). During his reign the decline of the empire became irreversible.奥诺利耳斯，弗莱维厄斯：() 西罗马皇帝(395-423年），在他统治期间西罗马帝国的衰落已不可逆转〔Croesus〕Last king of Lydia (560-546) whose kingdom, which had prospered during his reign, fell to the Persians under Cyrus.克罗伊斯：吕底亚王国的末代国王(560-546年），他的王国在他的统治期间曾一度兴盛，后被居鲁士率领的波斯军队攻占〔Vauban〕French military engineer who revolutionized fortification and siege strategies during the reign of Louis XIV.沃邦，塞瓦斯蒂安·勒·普利斯特·德：(1633-1707) 法国军事工程师，他在路易十四世统治期间变革了防御和围攻战略〔Agrippina〕Roman matron and mother of Caligula. She was influential in the struggle for power during the reign of Tiberius.阿格丽品娜：罗马有声望的夫人和皇帝卡利古拉的母亲。她在提比略统治期间的权力斗争中颇有影响〔Cranmer〕English prelate who as archbishop of Canterbury (1533-1553) was instrumental in the marital machinations of Henry VIII, revised theBook of Common Prayer (1552), and instituted other reforms. Under Mary I, a Roman Catholic, he was convicted of heresy and burned at the stake. 克兰麦，托马斯：(1489-1556) 英国高级教士，曾任坎特伯雷大主教(1533-1553年），在亨利八世的婚姻阴谋中起了重要作用。他修订了《公祷书》 （1552年）并着手进行其它的字数改革。在罗马天主教徒玛丽一世统治期间，他因异教学说被判有罪，被烧死在火刑柱上 〔Hapsburg〕A royal German family that supplied rulers to a number of European states from the late Middle Ages until the 20th century. The Hapsburgs reached the height of their power under Charles V of Spain. When Charles abdicated (1558), the empire was divided between the Spanish and Austrian lines. The Spanish branch ceased to rule after 1700 and the Austrian branch after 1918.哈普斯堡皇室：一个德意志皇室家族，其成员曾于中世纪后期到20世纪这一段时期内分别在欧洲各国任统治者，在西班牙国王查理五世统治期间达到其鼎盛时期。查理于1558年退位之后，帝国被西班牙和奥地利瓜分，西班牙的统治结束于1700年，而奥地利于1918年以后停止了统治〔see〕"Her long reign saw the heyday of verbal humor"(Richard Kain)"The 1930s saw the development of sulfa drugs and penicillin"(Gregg Easterbrook)“她长时间统治期间为口语幽默的全盛期”(理查德·凯恩)"20世纪30年代是磺胺剂和盘尼西林研制开发完成的阶段”(格雷格·伊斯特布鲁克)〔Georgetown〕The capital and largest city of Guyana, in the northern part of the country on the Atlantic Ocean. Founded by the British in 1781, it was called Stabroek while it was controlled by the Dutch and was renamed Georgetown in 1812. Population, 78,500.乔治敦：盖亚纳的首都及最大城市，位于该国的北部，临大西洋。由英国人于1781年建立，在荷兰人统治期间叫作斯塔布鲁克，后于1812年易名乔治敦。人口78,500〔Kultur〕German culture and civilization as idealized by the exponents of German imperialism during the Hohenzollern and Nazi regimes.德国文明：在霍恩洛厄和纳粹统治期间，德国帝国主义宣扬者所美化的德国文化和文明〔Pahlavi〕An Iranian language used in Persia during the reign of the Sassanids.巴列维语：在萨珊王朝统治期间波斯人用的一种伊朗语言〔Torquemada〕Spanish Dominican monk who was appointed grand inquisitor by Pope Innocent VIII (1487). Under his authority, thousands of Jews, suspected witches, and others were killed or tortured during the Spanish Inquisition.托尔克马达，托马斯·德：(1420-1498) 西班牙多米尼加派教士，1487年被教皇英诺森八世任命为宗教总裁判官。在其统治期间，在西班牙宗教大审判中，成千上万的犹太人，被怀疑为巫婆和其他人一起遭到杀害 |
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