| 单词 | 维护 |
| 释义 | 〔vindicatory〕Affording vindication; justifying.起维护作用的：用作辩护的；提供证明的〔groundskeeper〕One who maintains grounds, as of an estate, a park, or an athletic field.场地管理员；看管人：负责维护场地，如庄园、公园或运动场场地的人〔punish〕"The individual who refuses to defend his rights when called by his Government . . . must be punished as an enemy of his country and friend to her foe" (Andrew Jackson).Tocorrect is to punish so that the offender will mend his or her ways: 被国家所召集却拒绝维护他的权利的个人…一定被当作自己国家的敌人和国家敌人的朋友而受到惩罚 （安德鲁·杰克逊）。Corret 意指惩罚以使冒犯者改正他或她的习惯： 〔patronage〕Support, encouragement, or championship, as of a person, an institution, an event, or a cause, from a patron.庇护，保护：保护人对某人、机构、事件或事业的支持、鼓励或维护〔strength〕One that is regarded as the embodiment of protective or supportive power; a support or mainstay.支持者：被认为代表保护或支持力量的人；支持人或维护人〔Truth〕American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she was freed in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women.特鲁斯，索乔尔纳：(1797?-1883) 美国废奴主义者和女权主义者，她生于奴隶家庭；1827年获得自由，并成为反对奴隶制并维护女性权利的主要倡导者〔theodicy〕A vindication of God's goodness and justice in the face of the existence of evil.神正论：面对邪恶的存在，对上帝的仁慈与正义的维护〔servicewoman〕Also service woman A woman whose work is the maintenance and repair of equipment. 也作 service woman 女修理员：工作为维护和修理设备的女性〔phalanx〕"formed a solid phalanx in defense of the Constitution and Protestant religion"(G.M. Trevelyan)“为维护宪法与新教而组成的牢不可破的人阵”(G.M.特里维廉)〔carry〕To maintain or support (one that is weaker or less competent, for example).维护，支持：维护或支持（如弱小的或是能力差的人）〔janitor〕A holiday for janitors ought to take place in January,for both words are linked.In Latiniānus was the word for "archway, gateway, or covered passage" and also for the god of gates, doorways, and beginnings in general.As many schoolchildren know,our month January—a month of beginnings—is named for the god.Latiniānitor, the source of our word janitor and ultimately also fromiānus, meant "doorkeeper or gatekeeper.”Probably becauseiānitor was common in Latin records and documents, it was adopted into English,first being recorded in the sense "doorkeeper" around 1567 in a Scots text.In an early quotation Saint Peter is called "the Janitor of heaven.”The term can still mean "doorkeeper,”but in Scots usagejanitor also referred to a minor school official. Apparently this position at times involved maintenance duties and doorkeeping,and the maintenance duties took over the more exalted tasks,giving us the position of janitor as we know it today.看门人的假日应该放在一月，因为以下两个词都同一月有联系。拉丁文中的ianus 表示的是“拱门、道路或走廊”， 也是通常所说的门神、门口和开始。正如许多小学生知道的那样，我们的一月——最初的一个月——是以神的名字命名的。拉丁文ianitor 是单词 janitor 的来源， 追根溯源它也来自ianus， 意思是“看门人或管门人”。也许因为ianitor 这个词在拉丁文记录和文件中很普遍， 它才被英语所采用，最早被记录为“看门人”之意时大约在1567年的一篇苏格兰文章中。圣彼得在早期的引文中被称为“天堂守护神”。这个词仍然是“看门人”的意思，但在苏格兰用法中janitor 也指代低层的学校公务员。 显然这个职位时不时地也包含着维护的责任和守门的义务，这种维护的责任吸取了更为崇高的任务，于是就有了正如我们今天所知道的看门人这个职务〔service〕Aside from specialized senses in finance (service a debt ) and animal breeding ( service a mare ), service is used principally in the sense "to repair or maintain": 除了在财务(偿还债务 )和动物饲养( 养马 )方面的特殊含义外， service 主要有“修理或维护”的意义： 〔assert〕To defend or maintain (one's rights, for example).维护，坚持：维护或坚持（如，自己的权利）〔Barclay〕Scottish Quaker apologist whoseTruth Triumphant (1692), a collection of his writings, describes and defends the tenets of Quakerism. 巴克利，罗伯特：(1648-1690) 苏格兰贵格会辩护家。他的作品集《真理的胜利》 （1692年）描述并维护了贵格会的教义 〔intelligent〕Smart refers to quick intelligence and often a ready capability for taking care of one's own interests: Smart 指快速的领悟力和随时维护自己利益的能力： 〔defend〕 preserve is to take measures to maintain something in safety: Preserve 指采取措施维护…的安全： 〔Mitra〕The Hindu god of friendship and alliances, usually invoked together with Varuna as an upholder of order, punisher of falsehood, supporter of heaven and earth, and bringer of rain.密多罗神：掌管友情及结盟的印度神祇，通常与伐楼拿神共同庇佑维护秩序、惩罚恶行、支撑天堂及世界，并带来降雨〔armorer〕An enlisted person in charge of maintenance and repair of the small arms of a military unit.维护和修部队轻兵器的军士〔vindicate〕To defend, maintain, or insist on the recognition of (one's rights, for example).维护：主张、维护或坚持对（如某人的权利）的确认〔palisade〕To equip or fortify with palisades or a palisade.用栅栏维护：装上栅栏或用栅栏装备或加强〔service〕To make fit for use; adjust, repair, or maintain:维修：使适用；修正、修理或维护：〔conservator〕One that conserves or preserves from injury, violation, or infraction; a protector.保护者：保护或维护以防止受到伤害、侵犯或违背的人；保护者〔affirm〕To support or uphold the validity of; confirm.证实，确实：支持或维护…的正确性；坚持认为〔Machiavellianism〕The political doctrine of Machiavelli, which denies the relevance of morality in political affairs and holds that craft and deceit are justified in pursuing and maintaining political power.马基雅维利主义：马基雅维利的政治理论，它否定政治活动与道德有关，认为诡计和欺骗在追求和维护政治权力中是完全正当的〔patron〕One that supports, protects, or champions someone or something, such as an institutuion, an event, or a cause; a sponsor or benefactor:赞助人，资助人：支持、保护或维护某人或某事如机构、事件或事业的人；赞助者或捐助者：〔defend〕To support or maintain, as by argument or action; justify.支持：支持或维护，如通过争辩或采取行动；为…辩护〔peace〕officers who were sworn to keep the peace.发誓要维护好社会秩序的警官〔strength〕The ability to maintain a moral or intellectual position firmly.意志力：坚决地维护道德或思想立场的能力〔logistics〕The branch of military operations that deals with the procurement, distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materiel and personnel.军事后勤学：军事行动的分支，负责物资和人员的获得、分配、维护和补充〔importance〕The importance of a proper diet in maintaining health should not be disregarded.正确的饮食习惯在维护健康方面的重要性不容忽视。〔claustrophobic〕This latter usage was unacceptable to 74 percent of the members of the Usage Panel,many of whom said thatclaustrophobic should be used only to describe a psychological state. In defense of this usage,however, it can be pointed out that it is well establishedand that it follows a general tendencyto combine adjectives with nouns according to a progressively looser construal of the semantic connection between the two.Thus the phrasetopless swimsuit came to be followed by topless dancers, which led in turn totopless bars, topless districts, and topless ordinances. By the same token,a room that induces a particular emotion may be described assad or cheerful without objection, and there seems to be no principled basis for drawing the line at calling itclaustrophobic. 后种用法为用法使用小组中74%的成员所不接受，其中许多人说claustrophobic 应只能用来描述一种心理状态。 为维护这种用法，毕竟要指出这种用法已经很好地确定了下来，并且它跟随一种普遍倾向，即通过对形容词与名词之间语义联系积极的、更密切的解释将两者合并。这样，词组topless swimsuit 导引出 topless dancers， 随之又引出topless bars，topless district 和 topless ordinance 。 用同样的表示法，导致一种特殊情绪的状况可描述为无任何异议的sad 或 cheerful ， 称其为claustrophobic 似乎不存在什么描述性的原则 〔claim〕To demand or ask for as one's own or one's due; assert one's right to:主张，要求：要求或寻求…归为己有；维护自己对…的权利：〔sloppy〕Unkempt stresses dishevelment resulting from a neglectful lack of proper maintenance: Unkempt 强调由于忽视而缺少正确的维护而造成的凌乱： 〔honor〕A code of integrity, dignity, and pride, chiefly among men, that was maintained in some societies, as in feudal Europe, by force of arms.社会礼法：在某些社会，象封建时期的欧洲以武力维护的正直、尊严和骄傲的准则，主要对男人而言〔serviceperson〕Also service person A person whose work is the maintenance and repair of equipment. 也作 service person 维修员：维护和修理设备的人〔strong〕"tenacious in upholding strict discipline" (Sir Walter Scott).“坚持维护严格的纪律” （沃物尔·司各脱爵士）〔Kshatriya〕The second of the four Hindu classes, responsible for upholding justice and social harmony. In ancient India this was the royal or warrior class; in modern India, the professional, governing, or military class.刹帝利：四个印度种姓中的第二级，负责执法和维护社会安定。在古代印度，它由皇族和武士阶层构成；在现代印度，它表示职业、统治和军事阶层〔police〕A body of persons making up such a department, trained in methods of law enforcement and crime prevention and detection and given the authority to maintain the peace, safety, and order of the community.警察：组成这样一个部门的一群人，他们被专门训练来掌握执行法律和防止并侦破犯罪行为的方法，被授予维护一个社区的和平、安全和秩序的职权〔dictatorial〕These adjectives mean asserting or tending to assert one's authority or to impose one's will on other persons.这些形容词意思是“维护或倾向于维护自己的权威或把个人的意志强加到其它人身上”。〔badger〕Our name for the Eurasian species of this mammal, which is noted for championing its burrow just like a knight of old,may come from the badger's knightly emblem.The creature's white head with a broad black stripe on each side of the snout may have brought to mind a badge,hence the namebadger. One good piece of supporting evidence for this theory is that an earlier name for the animal wasbauson, which comes from the Old French wordbaucenc, usually referring to a white patch on a horse and also meaning "badger.”Bauson is first recorded before 1375, badger in 1523. 这种以象老骑士般维护它的洞穴而闻名的欧亚大陆哺乳动物，其名字可能来自于獾英勇侠义的寓意。这种动物白色的头部带有宽阔的黑色条纹，分别在口鼻的两侧，这可能使人联想到徽章的标志，因此取了badger 这个名字。 这种理论最好的支持证据就是这种动物较早期的名字叫bauson， 从古法语baucenc 而来， 经常指马身上的白斑，也是“徽章”的意思。Bauson 一词在1375年前第一次被记载，而 badger 一词则记载于1523年 |
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