| 单词 | 缆绳 |
| 释义 | 〔funiculus〕Latin fūniculus [slender rope] [diminutive of] fūnis [rope] 拉丁语 fūniculus [细索] fūnis的小后缀 [索，缆绳] 〔cablet〕A cable-laid rope with a circumference of less than 10 inches (25 centimeters).电缆：一种电缆敷设用的缆绳，其周长不到10英寸（25厘米）〔cable〕A strong, large-diameter, heavy steel or fiber rope.缆绳，绳索：高强度的、直径大的、高强钢质或纤维质的绳子〔tow〕A rope or cable used in towing.拖缆：用于拖曳的绳索或缆绳〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔cable〕Something that resembles such steel or fiber rope.似缆绳的东西：引起类似于这种钢质或纤维质的缆绳的东西〔bathysphere〕A reinforced spherical deep-diving chamber in which persons are lowered by a cable to study the oceans. The bathysphere, limited to depths of about 900 meters (3,000 feet), has been supplanted by the safer and more navigable bathyscaph.海潜球：一种坚固的球形深海潜水器，用缆绳把载人的球形舱降低以观测海洋。潜水深度限制在900米，现已被更安全、更能航行的深海潜测艇所代替〔lay〕The direction the strands of a rope or cable are twisted in:绳索绞向：绳子或缆绳的绳束捻合方向：〔crane〕A machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects by means of cables attached to a movable boom.起重机：一种用连在活动架上的缆绳举起和移动重物的机器〔pay〕past tense and past participle paid or payed [pād] To let out (a line or cable) by slackening.【过去时态与过去分词】 paid 或 payed [pād] 慢慢放松：通过松开使（绳索或缆绳）脱出〔cable〕To supply or fasten with a cable or cables.固定系牢：用一根或多根缆绳系住或系紧〔kevel〕A sturdy belaying pin for the heavier cables of a ship.盘绳栓：用于船的较重缆绳的坚固的系索栓〔cantala〕The fiber of this plant, used for twine, rope, and nets.琼麻纤维：这种植物的纤维，用来制造缆绳、绳索和鱼网〔veer〕To let out or release (a line or an anchor train).放开或放松（缆绳或锚等）〔bitt〕A vertical post, usually one of a pair, set on the deck of a ship and used to secure ropes or cables.系缆柱：垂直的柱子，常为一对中的一个，固定在船的甲板上，用于系住绳子或缆绳〔abutment〕A structure that anchors the cables of a suspension bridge.系缆墩：支撑吊桥缆绳的结构〔Siemens〕German engineer who made notable improvements to telegraphic and electrical apparatus. His brotherKarl Wilhelm, later Sir Charles William Siemens (1823-1883), invented a regenerative steam engine and designed a steamship for laying long-distance cables. 西门子，厄恩斯特·维尔纳·冯：(1816-1892) 德国工程师，他在电报与电子设备方面做出过显著的改进工作，其弟卡尔·威廉 ，也就是后来的 查尔斯·威廉·西门子 爵士（1823-1883年），发明了一种回热蒸汽发动机，并设计了一种铺设长距离缆绳的汽船 〔fake〕To coil (a rope or cable).缠（绳子或缆绳）〔tramway〕A cable or system of cables for a cable car.缆索：缆车的一根缆绳或索道系统〔junk〕Middle English jonk [an old cable or rope] 中古英语 jonk [旧的缆绳或绳子] 〔hawser〕A cable or rope used in mooring or towing a ship.粗绳：用于系泊或拖船用的缆绳或绳索〔derrick〕A machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects, consisting of a movable boom equipped with cables and pulleys and connected to the base of an upright stationary beam.悬臂起重机：提升和移动重物的机器，它由一个带有缆绳和滑轮的可移动的、并与一根由向上静止横梁的底座连接的起重杆组成 |
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