| 单词 | 缺乏 |
| 释义 | 〔callow〕Lacking adult maturity or experience; immature:不成熟的，缺乏经验的：缺乏成人的成熟和经验的；未成熟的：〔undiscriminating〕Lacking sensitivity, taste, or judgment.无鉴别力的：缺乏感受性、体验或判断力的〔ungainly〕Lacking grace or ease of movement or form; clumsy.See Synonyms at awkward 不优雅的；难看的：缺乏雅致或活动的自如或礼貌的；笨拙的 参见 awkward〔chirren〕The linguistic process of ellipsis allows for the deletion within words of some internal sounds, such as weakly stressed syllables and less prominent consonants.This process caused Old Englishheafod ultimately to become Modern English head, losing its internal v sound (spelled f in Old English). Ellipsis is still an active process in American regional dialects.For example, inchirren both the l and the d of children are omitted in favor of the more conspicuous r. 轻音和次要辅音等语言上的省略过程造成单词某些内部音素的缺乏。这一过程导致古英语中的heafod 省略词中内部音素 V （古英语中拼写成 f ）而最终变成现代英语中 head 一词。 在美国的地区方言中活力过程仍然起着作用。例如，为了在chirren 一词中突出更显著的音素 r ，将 children 中的 l 和 d 两个音素都省略了 〔confused〕Lacking logical order or sense:混乱的：缺乏逻辑顺序或感觉的：〔empty〕The chairmanship is vacant. Figuratively the word refers to the absence of intelligent meaning or thought: 主席职位空缺。 修辞上该词指缺乏理念意志： 〔unqualified〕Lacking the proper or required qualifications:不适合的：缺乏适当的或被要求的资格的：〔default〕Through the failure, absence, or lack of.因缺少，在缺乏…时：因为不足、缺少或缺乏〔inattentive〕Exhibiting a lack of attention; not attentive.疏忽的，不注意的：表现缺乏注意力的；漫不经心的〔aseptic〕Lacking animation or emotion:冷漠的：缺乏生机或感情的：〔devoid〕a novel devoid of wit and inventiveness.一部缺乏创意和情趣的小说〔insensate〕Lacking sense or the power to reason.缺乏理性或失去判断力的〔faint〕Lacking clarity or distinctness:模糊的：缺乏清晰度的：〔coarse〕Lacking in delicacy or refinement:不细致的：缺乏精致或细致的：〔anhedonia〕The absence of pleasure or the ability to experience it.冷感，快感缺乏：缺乏快感或不能体验快感〔underact〕To perform (a role) weakly or with insufficient expressiveness.表演不充分：表演（角色）不足或缺乏表现力〔leukoderma〕Partial or total loss of skin pigmentation, often occurring in patches. Also called vitiligo 白斑病：皮肤色素的局部或全部缺乏，经常是斑状 也作 vitiligo〔cachet〕"Federal courts have a certain cachet which state courts lack"(Christian Science Monitor)“联邦法院有某种州法院所缺乏的特别的东西”(基督教科学箴言报)〔amateur〕One lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art.外行：缺乏职业技术的人，如在一门艺术中〔halfhearted〕Exhibiting or feeling little interest, enthusiasm, or heart; uninspired:不热心的：兴趣不大的，热情或心思不够的；缺乏创建的：〔hollow〕Devoid of truth or validity; specious:空洞的：缺乏真实或效力的；徒有其表的：〔crass〕So crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and sensibility.愚钝的：极度粗糙和拙劣的以致于缺乏辨别力和敏感性的〔pretty〕Ostensibly or superficially attractive but lacking substance or conviction:浮华的：明显地感觉表面上有吸引力的，但缺乏实质性内容或不令人信服：〔untruth〕The condition of being false; lack of truth.虚假：虚假的状态；缺乏真实〔impious〕Lacking due respect or dutifulness:不孝的：缺乏应有的尊敬和职责的：〔sophisticated〕Having acquired worldly knowledge or refinement; lacking natural simplicity or naiveté.老于世故的：具备世故的知识或精细的；缺乏自然的单纯或天真幼稚的〔unbelief〕Lack of belief or faith, especially in religious matters.不信，无信仰：尤指缺乏宗教信仰〔arid〕Lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants:干旱的：缺乏水分，尤指降雨量不足，难以维持树木或木本植物（生长）：〔airless〕Lacking fresh air; stuffy.不通风的：缺乏新鲜空气的；闷气的〔avidin〕A protein found in uncooked egg white that binds to and inactivates biotin. An abundance of avidin in the duct can result in a deficiency of biotin.抗生物素蛋白：卵清中发现的一种蛋白质，它可与生物素结合并使生物素活性减低。导管中抗生物素蛋白过量可导至生物素的缺乏〔inefficient〕Lacking the ability or skill to perform effectively; incompetent:不称职的：缺乏有效运作的能力或技术的；无能的：〔will〕lacked the will to overcome the addiction.缺乏戒除毒瘾的自制力〔unsubstantial〕Lacking material substance; insubstantial.不实在的：缺乏实际物质的；不实在的〔artless〕Lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant.拙劣的：缺乏艺术性，知识或技巧的；无教养和无知的〔stiff〕a stiff collar); with reference to persons it often suggests a lack of ease, cold formality, or fixity, as of purpose: 硬领)； 指人时常指缺乏轻松的、僵硬的礼节或目标的固定： 〔nonstandard〕The termnonstandard was introduced by linguists and lexicographers to describe usages and language varieties that had previously been labeled with terms such as vulgar and illiterate. Nonstandardis not simply a euphemism but reflects the empirical discoverythat the varieties used by low-prestige groups have rich and systematic grammatical structuresand that their stigmatization more often reflects a judgment about their speakersrather than any inherent deficiencies in logic or expressive power.Note, however, that the use of nonstandard forms is not necessarily restricted to the communities with which they are associated in the public mind.Many educated speakers freely use forms such ascan't hardly or ain't I to set a popular or informal tone. · Some dictionaries use the termsubstandard to describe forms, such asain't, associated with uneducated speech, while reservingnonstandard for forms such as irregardless, which are common in writingbut are still regarded by many as uneducated.Butsubstandard is itself susceptible of disparaging interpretation, and most linguists and lexicographers now use onlynonstandard, the practice followed in this Dictionary.词条nonstandard 被语言学家和词典编辑人引进用来描述以前已被词条，例如 vulgar 和 illiterate归类的用法和语言种类。 Nonstandand不只是委婉的说法， 而且反映了凭经验得到的发现：被具有权威的群体所用的语种有丰富而且系统的语法结构，而且这些误解被轻蔑描绘更经常地反映了对其说话者的判断，而不是对任何天生的逻辑和表达力的缺乏。然而，要注意，非标准语形式的运用并不必要限制于在公众心目中与其所联系的团体。许多受过教育的说话者自由地用这些形式如can't hardly 或者 ain't I 说流行或非正式的句子。 有些字典用substandard 来描述此类形式， 如ain't， 并与未受教育的言语相联系， 而同时保留nonstandard 用来形容 irregardless 这一类形式， 这些形式普遍用于写作中，但仍被许多人认为是未受教育的用法。但是substandard 本身很容易引起贬低含义的翻译， 大多数语言学家和词典编辑现在只用nonstandard， 在此词典后边有练习〔witling〕One who has little wit.说话缺乏风趣的人〔mean〕Ignoble means lacking those qualities, such as elevated moral character, that give human beings distinction of mind and soul: Ignoble 指缺乏那些使人类思想、心灵和精神高贵的品格，如很高的道德水准： 〔inelegant〕Lacking refinement or polish; not elegant.粗俗的：缺乏优雅或教养的；不雅的〔penury〕Extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency.缺乏：极度缺乏；贫瘠或不足 |
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