| 单词 | 罗马 |
| 释义 | 〔Ravenna〕A city of northeast Italy near the Adriatic Sea northeast of Florence. An important naval station in Roman times, it was an Ostrogoth capital in the fifth and sixth centuriesa.d. and the center of Byzantine power in Italy from the late sixth century until c. 750, when it was conquered by the Lombards. Ravenna eventually became part of the papal dominions and was included in the kingdom of Italy in 1860. Population, 101,000. 拉文纳：意大利东北部邻亚德里亚海的一城市，位于佛罗伦萨市东北。罗马时代是一重要海军基地公元 5到6世纪是东哥特人王国的首都，从6世纪末到公元750年是拜占庭帝国在意大利的中心城市，公元750年被伦巴底族人征服。拉文纳最后成为教皇领地，1860年并入意大利王国，人口101,000 〔Hamadan〕A city of western Iran west-southwest of Tehran. An ancient city, it was captured by Alexander the Great in 330b.c. and later ruled by Seleucid kings, Romans, Byzantines, and Arabs (after a.d. 645). Population, 234,000. 哈马丹：伊朗西部城市，位于德黑兰的西南偏西。它是一座古城，公元前 330年被亚历山大大帝征服，后来被塞琉西地国王、罗马、拜占庭以及阿拉伯( 公元 645年以后）统治。人口234,000 〔oratorio〕after Oratorio , the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri at Rome, where famous musical services were held in the 16th century 源自 奥乐特瑞 ，罗马圣菲利普·尼利的奥乐特瑞，16世纪在此举办著名的音乐会 〔talent〕A variable unit of weight and money used in ancient Greece, Rome, and the Middle East.塔兰特：使用于古代希腊、罗马和中东的一种可变的重量和货币单位〔Florence〕 or Also Fi.ren.ze [fē-rĕnʹdzĕ] A city of central Italy on the Arno River east of Pisa. Originally an Etruscan settlement, then a Roman town, Florence was a powerful city-state under the Medici family during the Italian Renaissance, with a brilliant artistic flowering led by Giotto, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Dante, and Raphael. Population, 453,293. 或 也作 Fi.ren.ze [fē-rĕnʹdzĕ] 佛罗伦萨：意大利中部一城市，位于比萨城东的阿尔诺河畔。最初为一片埃特鲁斯坎人的拓居地，后成为罗马的一个城镇，在意大利文艺复兴时期是一座在梅迪契家族统治下的强大城邦，并涌现出了以乔托、米开朗基罗、莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、但丁和拉斐尔为代表的一批杰出艺术家。人口453,293〔Crispin〕Roman shoemaker who with his brother SaintCrispinian sought to spread Christianity and was martyred. 克里斯平：罗马鞋匠，和他的兄弟圣克里斯皮尼安 致力于宣传基督教并成为殉教者 〔Juno〕The principal goddess of the Pantheon, the wife and sister of Jupiter and the patroness primarily of marriage and the well-being of women.朱诺：罗马万神庙里最主要的女神，朱庇特的妻子亦是其姐姐，主司婚姻和妇女的安康〔Blida〕A town of northern Algeria at the foot of the Atlas Mountains southwest of Algiers. It was built on the site of a Roman military base. Population, 136,033.卜利达：阿尔及利亚北部一城镇，位于阿尔及尔西南阿特拉斯山脉山脚。建在罗马军事基地之上。人口136,033〔salary〕from Latin salārium [money given to Roman soldiers to buy salt] [from neuter of] salārius [pertaining to salt] 源自 拉丁语 salārium [付给罗马士兵买盐的钱] 源自salārius的中性词 [与盐有关的] 〔McCloskey〕American religious leader who became the first American Roman Catholic cardinal (1875).麦克劳斯基，约翰：(1810-1885) 美国宗教领袖，第一位美国罗马天主教的红衣主教(1875年）〔title〕A Roman Catholic church in or near Rome having a cardinal for its nominal head.天主教教堂：罗马或罗马附近的罗马天主教堂，有一个红衣主教作它名义上的领导〔Pesaro〕A city of north-central Italy on the Adriatic Sea west of Florence. On the site of a Roman colony, it became part of the Papal States in 1631. Population, 90,147.佩扎罗：意大利中北部一城市，位于亚得里亚沿岸、佛罗伦萨以西。罗马殖民地的旧址，它于1631年成为教皇国的一部分。人口90,147〔Garamond〕French type designer known for establishing the roman-style letter as the standard in printing.加拉蒙，克劳德：(1480?-1561) 法国打印设计者，因创立了标准打印的罗马形字母而闻名〔Wednesday〕We say the names of the days of the week constantly,but for most of us they are nonsense syllables. The seven-day system we use is based on the ancient astrological notion that the seven celestial bodies (the sun, the moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn) revolving around stationary Earth influence what happens on itand that each of these celestial bodies controls the first hour of the day named after it.This system was brought into Hellenistic Egypt from Mesopotamia,where astrology had been practiced for millenniums and where seven had always been a propitious number.Ina.d. 321 the Emperor Constantine the Great grafted this astrological system onto the Roman calendar, made the first day of this new week a day of rest and worship for all,and imposed the following sequence and names to the days of the week:Diēs Sōlis, "Sun's Day"; Diēs Lūnae, "Moon's Day"; Diēs Martis, "Mars's Day"; Diēs Mercuriī, "Mercury's Day"; Diēs Iovis, "Jove's Day" or "Jupiter's Day"; Diēs Veneris, "Venus's Day"; andDiēs Saturnī, "Saturn's Day.” This new Roman system was adopted with modifications throughout most of western Europe:in the Germanic languages, such as Old English, the names of four of the Roman gods were converted into those of the corresponding Germanic gods.Therefore in Old English we have the following names (with their Modern English developments):Sunnandæg, Sunday; Mōnandæg, Monday; Tīwesdæg, Tuesday (the god Tiu, like Mars, was a god of war); Wōdnesdæg, Wednesday (the god Woden, like Mercury, was quick and eloquent); Thunresdæg, Thursday ( the god Thunor in Old English or Thor in Old Norse, like Jupiter, was lord of the sky;Old NorseThōrsdagr influenced the English form); Frīgedæg, Friday (the goddess Frigg, like Venus, was the goddess of love); andSaeternesdæg, Saturday. 我们经常说一周各天的名字，但对我们中的大多数人来说，它们是毫无意义的音节。我们使用的七天制度是建立在古代星象学的观点上，即绕着静止不动的地球旋转的七个天体（太阳、月亮、火星、水星、木星、金星和土星），影响着地球上发生的事情，并且这些天体控制着以它们的名字命名的周日的第一个小时。这个体制从美索不达米亚引进到具有古希腊文明的埃及，在美索不达米亚，星象术已流行了上百万年，七一直是个吉利的数字。在公元 321年伟大的康斯坦丁国王把星相学系统用于罗马历， 把这种新星期的第一天作为休息与做礼拜的一天，并把以下的次序及名字加在其它的周日上：Dies solis ，“太阳日”； Dies Lunae “月亮日”； Dies Martis “金星日”； Dies Mercurii ，“水星日”； Dies Iovis， “朱维日”或“木星日”； Dies Veneris， “金星日”； 和Dies Saturni, “土星日”。 这种新罗马体制在西欧的大部地区有所改变后被采用：在日耳曼语言中，如古英语中，四位罗马神的名字被改为相应的日耳曼神的名字。所以在古英语中我们看到以下的名字（以及他们的现代英语形式）：Sunnanhd?g, 星期日； Monand?g, 星期一； Tiwesd?g， 星期二（蒂乌神，象玛尔斯一样，是战神）； Wodnesd?g, 星期三（沃登，象墨丘利一样，行动敏捷，善于词辩）； Thunresd?g， 星期四( 古英语中的撒纳及古挪威语的索，象朱庇特一样，是宇宙之主；古挪威语的Thorsdagr 影响了英语中的该词的形式）； Friged?g, 星期五（女神弗丽嘉，象维纳斯一样，是爱神）； 和Saeternesd?g, 星期六 〔Grasse〕A town of southeast France west of Nice. Probably founded in Roman times, it was an independent republic in the 12th century. The city has long been noted for its perfume industry. Population, 24,553.格拉斯：法国东南部一个城镇，位于尼斯西方。可能建立于罗马时代，在12世纪时曾是独立共和国。 该市因其香水工业而久负盛名。人口24,553〔Arles〕A city of south-central France on the Rhone River delta. A flourishing city in Roman times, it has an arena built in the second centurya.d. that is now used for bullfights. Population, 37,571. 阿尔勒：法国中南部一城市，位于隆河三角洲。罗马帝国时期，曾是繁华城市，有一角斗场建于公元 2世纪，现用于斗牛比赛。人口37,571 〔Fabian〕Of or relating to the caution and avoidance of direct confrontation typical of the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus.采用渐进，待机策略的：属于或关于罗马将军昆塔斯·费边·马克西马斯的谨慎和避免直接交锋的〔mask〕A figure of a head worn by actors in Greek and Roman drama to identify a character or trait and to amplify the voice.面具：古希腊和罗马的戏剧演员佩戴的人物面具或头部面具，用以标明戏中人物性格或品质，同时扩大声音〔Colchester〕A municipal borough of southeast England near the North Sea. It was an important pre-Roman city and the site of the first Roman colony in Britain. Population, 83,900.柯彻斯特：英国东南部靠近北海的一个自治市，是罗马统治前一个重要城市，也是罗马人在不列颠的第一个殖民地。人口83,900〔Agrippina〕Roman empress. She murdered her husband, the emperor Claudius, so that her son by a previous marriage, Nero, would become emperor. Nero, distrusting his mother, had her murdered.阿格丽品娜：罗马皇后。她谋杀了丈夫克劳狄皇帝，以便使她与前夫所生之子尼禄能成为皇帝。尼禄因为不信任她而将其杀害〔Huddersfield〕A borough of north-central England northeast of Manchester. First settled in Roman times, it is an industrial center specializing in textiles. Population, 125,800.哈德斯菲尔德：英格兰中部偏北的一自治市，位于曼彻斯特市东北。始建于罗马统治时期，为纺织工业中心。人口125,800〔Pergamum〕An ancient Greek city and kingdom of western Asia Minor in modern-day western Turkey. It passed to Rome in the second centuryb.c. and was noted for its sculpture and its library, which Mark Antony gave to Cleopatra. 帕加马：古希腊城市，西亚次大陆的一个王国，在今土耳其西部。在第二个世纪时，它归于罗马公元前 ，以雕塑和马克·安东尼给女王克里奥培特拉的图书馆而著名 〔Pyrrhus〕King of Epirus (306-302 and 297-272) who defeated the Romans at Heraclea (280) and Asculum (279) despite his own staggering losses.皮洛士：伊庇鲁斯国王（公元前306-302以及公元前297-272年），不顾自身全军覆没的损失，在赫拉克莱亚（公元前280年）和奥斯库克姆（公元前279年）交战，打败了罗马军队〔Civitavecchia〕A city of west-central Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea west-northwest of Rome. Its harbor is the chief port of Rome. Population, 45,836.奇维塔韦基亚：意大利中西部第勒尼安海边一座城市，位于罗马西北偏西。其港口为罗马的主要海港。人口45,836〔Catholicism〕The faith, doctrine, system, and practice of a Catholic church, especially the Roman Catholic Church.天主教的信条：天主教堂，尤指罗马天主教堂的信条、教义、体系和惯例〔valerian〕probably from feminine of Latin Valeriānus [of Valeria, Roman province where the plant originated] 可能源自 拉丁语 瓦莱里阿努斯 [这种植物发源的罗马首都瓦莱里亚的] 〔Heliogabalus〕Emperor of Rome (218-222). A priest of Baal, he became emperor after the murder of his cousin Caracalla (217). His eccentricity and debauchery and the imposition of his religion on the Romans led to an insurrection in which he was killed.赫利奥盖巴勒斯：罗马皇帝(218-222年）。是太阳神教的牧师，在其堂兄卡拉卡拉(217年）被谋杀后登上皇帝宝座。其人性情古怪，淫逸堕落，把自己的宗教强加在罗马人民头上，后引发暴动并丧生其中〔Gaeta〕A city of west-central Italy northwest of Naples on theGulf of Gaeta, an inlet of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Gaeta was a favorite resort of the ancient Romans and a prosperous duchy from the 9th to the 12th century, when it was conquered by the Normans. Population, 22,605. 加埃塔：意大利中西部那不勒斯西北的一座濒埃塔湾 的城市，在第勒尼安海海湾处。在9世纪至12世纪期间，即诺曼人统治时期，加埃塔是最受罗马人喜爱的旅游胜地。人口22,605 〔proletarian〕From Latin prōlētārius [belonging to the lowest class of Roman citizens (viewed as contributing to the state only through having children)] 源自 拉丁语 prōlētārius [属于罗马公民中最低的阶级（这种分法是通过生养孩子对政府做贡献而看待）] 〔Tivoli〕A city of central Italy east-northeast of Rome. Tivoli contains the ruins of several ancient Roman villas and is also noted for its waterfalls. Population, 50,969.提沃利：意大利中部一城市，位于罗马东北偏东方向。提沃利现有几个古代罗马别墅的遗址，同样也以其瀑布出名。人口50,969〔Britain〕The island of Great Britain during pre-Roman, Roman, and early Anglo-Saxon times before the reign of Alfred the Great (871-899). The name is derived fromBrittania, which the Romans used for the portion of the island that they occupied. 不列颠：在前罗马、罗马以及艾弗烈大帝统治(871-899年）前的早期盎格鲁-撒克逊人统治时期的大不列颠岛。名字来源于《布列塔尼亚》 ，罗马人用它来指他们占领的那部分岛屿 〔heresy〕An opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member.异端学说：与已得到承认的宗教信仰相矛盾的观点或学说，尤指已立誓信教或受过洗礼的教徒对罗马天主教教义的异议或否认〔Quintilian〕Roman rhetorician whose major work, theInstitutio Oratorio, discusses the complete education and career of an orator. 昆体良：罗马修辞学家，他的主要著作《雄辩术原理》 讨论了演说家的全面教育及职业 〔Cato〕Roman politician and general who wrote the first history of Rome. As censor he attempted to restore simplicity to Roman life.卡托，马库斯·波希乌斯：(234-149) 罗马政治家和将军，著有罗马的第一部历史。在任监察期间，他试图恢复罗马社会生活的简朴作风〔pasquinade〕after Pasquino , nickname given to a statue in Rome, Italy, on which lampoons were posted 源自 Pasquino ，意大利罗马一雕像的绰号，在其上贴有讽刺文 〔popish〕Of or relating to the popes or the Roman Catholic Church.主教的：天主教教皇或罗马天主教的，与天主教教皇或罗马天主教有关的〔Sofia〕The capital and largest city of Bulgaria, in the west-central part of the country. Originally a Thracian settlement, it passed over the centuries to Rome, Byzantium, two Bulgarian kingdoms, Ottoman Turkey, and Russia. In 1879 it became the capital of independent Bulgaria. Population, 1,102,100.索非亚：保加利亚首都和最大城市，位于保加利亚中西部。最初是色雷斯人的一个定居点，在几个世纪之间，先后属于罗马、拜占庭、两个保加利亚王国、奥斯曼土耳其和俄国。于1879年成为独立的保加利亚首都。人口1,102,100〔Apuleius〕Roman philosopher and satirist whose best-known work isThe Golden Ass. 阿普列乌斯，卢修斯：(2世纪) 罗马哲学家及讽刺作家，其最著名的作品是《金驴》 〔Hadrian〕Emperor of Rome (117-138) who sought to end distinctions between Rome and the Roman provinces. During his visit to Britain (122), he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall.哈德良：罗马皇帝（117-138年在位），他试图取消罗马和罗马行省间的差别。在122年他去不列颠巡游期间，他下令建造哈德良长城〔Damascus〕The capital and largest city of Syria, in the southwest part of the country. Inhabited since prehistoric times, the city became a thriving commercial center under the Romans and was a Saracen stronghold during the Crusades. Population, 1,259,000.大马士革：叙利亚的首都和最大城市，位于叙利亚西南部。史前时代就有人居住，在罗马统治时成为繁华的商业中心，在十字军东征期间是穆斯林的大本营。人口1,259,000 |
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