| 单词 | 罗马帝国 |
| 释义 | 〔Diyarbakir〕A city of southeast Turkey on the Tigris River. It was a Roman colony called Amida froma.d. 230 to 363 and was finally captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1515. Population, 235,617. 迪亚巴克尔：土耳其东南部一城市，位于底格里斯河畔。公元 230至363年是罗马帝国殖民地，市名阿米达，终为奥斯曼士耳其人于1515年占领。人口235,617 〔Saxony〕A historical region of northern Germany. The original home of the Saxons, it was conquered by Charlemagne in the 8th century and became a duchy after his death. Its borders were eventually extended southeastward as the region was subdivided and redivided. The dukes of Saxony became electors of the Holy Roman Empire in 1356, and in 1806 the elector was elevated to kingship but lost half his territory to Prussia in 1815. A later kingdom of Saxony was part of the German Empire (1871-1918).撒克逊：德国北部的一个历史地区，原来是撒克逊人的家园，8世纪被查理曼征服，并在他死后成为一公国。由于分裂和重新划分，这一地区的边界最终向东南方向拓展，1356年撒克森大公成为神圣罗马帝国的诸侯，1860年撒克森大公加冕称帝，但是将他的一半领地给予普鲁士(1815年），后来的撒克逊王国成为德意志帝国(1871-1918年）的一部分〔Reich〕The territory or government of a German state, as the Holy Roman Empire, or First Reich, from the ninth century to 1806; the German Empire, or Second Reich, from 1871 to 1919; the Weimar Republic, from 1919 to 1933; or the Third Reich, from 1933 to 1945.帝国：德国领土或政府，如神圣罗马帝国或9世纪至1806年的第一帝国；德意志帝国或1871年至1919年的第二帝国；1919年至1933年的魏玛共和国；或1933年至1945年的第三共和国〔Noricum〕An ancient country and province of the Roman Empire south of the Danube River in present-day Austria west of Vienna. It was incorporated into the Roman Empire in the first centuryb.c. and prospered as a frontier colony until it was overrun by Germanic peoples in the fifth century a.d. 诺里克姆：古代国家，罗马帝国的一个省，位于多瑙河南岸，即今天奥地利维也纳西部。公元前 1世纪被并入罗马帝国，作为一个边疆殖民地而繁荣，直到 公元 5世纪被德意志人侵占 〔Vaduz〕The capital of Liechtenstein, in the western part of the country on the Rhine River. Destroyed during a conflict between Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire (1499), it was rebuilt in the 1520's and is now a tourist center. Population, 4,927.瓦杜兹：列支敦士登首都，位于该国西部，莱茵河畔，在瑞士与神圣罗马帝国之间的一次冲突中(1499年）被毁，并于16世纪20年代重建，现在成为旅游中心。人口4,927〔Mithraism〕A religious cult of Persian origin, especially popular among the Roman military, that flourished in the late Roman Empire, rivaling Christianity.太阳神崇拜：起源于波斯的宗教崇拜，尤其流行于罗马军队中，盛行于罗马帝国后期，与基督教抗衡〔Istanbul〕The largest city of Turkey, in the northwest part of the country on both sides of the Bosporus at its entrance into the Sea of Marmara. Founded c. 660b.c. as Byzantium, it was renamed Constantinople in a.d. 330 by Constantine the Great, who made it the capital of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. The city was sacked by Crusaders in 1204 and taken by the Turks in 1453. Istanbul was chosen as the official name in 1930. Population, 2,772,708. 伊斯坦布尔，君士坦丁堡：土耳其最大的城市，位于该国的西北部、博斯普鲁斯海峡的两岸、马尔马拉海的入口处。于公元前 660年建时称作拜占庭， 公元 330年由君士坦丁大帝改名为君士坦丁堡，他把它定为东罗马帝国的首都，或君士坦丁帝国。1204年，该城被十字军掠夺，1453年被土耳其人占领。1930年，“伊斯坦布尔”被指定为官方名称。人口2,772,708 〔Minden〕A city of northwest Germany on the Weser River south of Bremen. Settled in Roman times, it was founded c. 800 as a bishopric by Charlemagne. Minden joined the Hanseatic League in the 13th century and passed to Prussia in 1814. Population, 75,419.明登：德国西北部一城市，位于不来梅以南的威悉河畔。罗马帝国时代有人定居，公元800年查里曼大帝将其建为主教营区。13世纪明登加入汉萨同盟，1814年转由普鲁士管辖。人口75,419〔Pomerania〕A historical region of north-central Europe bordering on the Baltic Sea in present-day northwest Poland and northeast Germany. It was inhabited by Slavic tribes in the 10th century and conquered by Poland in the 12th century. The territory was later split up and controlled by various powers, including the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany.波美拉尼亚：欧洲中北部一个历史上著名的地区，濒临波罗的海，位于今天的波兰西北部和德国东北部境内。10世纪时由斯拉夫人的部落居住，12世纪时为波兰征服。这一地区后来分裂并被各个强国统治过，包括神圣罗马帝国、普鲁士、瑞典、丹麦和德国〔elector〕One of the German princes of the Holy Roman Empire entitled to elect the emperor.选帝侯：有权参加选举神圣罗马帝国皇帝的日耳曼王侯〔Decius〕Emperor of Rome (249-251) who was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers against his will. His reign was marked by severe persecution of Christians.德西乌斯：罗马帝国皇帝(249-251年），由部下拥立称帝。在位期间残酷迫害基督教徒〔Trier〕A city of southwest Germany on the Moselle River near the Luxembourg border. Settled by the Treveri, an eastern Gaulish people, it was an important commercial center under the Romans and later as part of the Holy Roman Empire. The city was under French control from 1797 until 1815. Population, 94,190.特里尔：德国西南部的一个城市，位于摩泽尔河畔，靠近卢森堡边界。该市是高卢东部的一个民族——特维希人建立的，在罗马人统治时期是重要的商业中心，后来成为神圣罗马帝国的一部分。该市在1797年至1815年一直被法国控制。人口94,190〔Cilicia〕An ancient region of southeast Asia Minor along the Mediterranean Sea south of the Taurus Mountains. The area was conquered by Alexander the Great and later became part of the Roman Empire. It was the site of an independent Armenian state from 1080 to 1375.西里西亚：托鲁斯山脉的南部、地中海沿岸、小亚细亚东南的古老地区。 该地区曾被亚历山大大帝征服，后来成为罗马帝国的一部分。它是1080年到1375年独立的亚美尼亚领土的遗址〔limes〕A fortified boundary or border, especially of the Roman Empire.边境或边界的防线，尤其罗马帝国的〔Odoacer〕Germanic tribal leader who in 476 deposed Romulus Augustulus (reigned 475-476), bringing the Western Roman Empire to an end.奥多埃塞：日尔曼部落首领，在476年废黜罗慕罗斯·奥古斯都(475-476在位），结束了西罗马帝国〔Vespasian〕Emperor of Rome (69-79) who brought prosperity to the empire, reformed the army, was a patron of the arts, and began the building of the Colosseum.韦斯帕西恩：古罗马皇帝(69-79年），他给罗马帝国带来了繁荣，对军队进行了改革，是艺术的资助者，并营造了古罗马圆形大竞技场〔Sigismund〕Holy Roman emperor (1433-1437) and king of Hungary (1387-1437) and Bohemia (1419-1437). He helped end the Great Schism (1378-1417) by convening the Council of Constance (1414-1418).西吉斯蒙德：神圣罗马帝国皇帝（1433-1437年）、匈牙利国王（1387-1437年）和波希米亚国王（1419-1437年）。他召开康斯坦茨会议（1414-1418年）结束了教会的分裂（1378-1417年）〔Szombathely〕A city of western Hungary near the Austrian border. Founded in Roman times, it is an industrial center and an important railroad junction. Population, 85,830.松博特梅伊：匈牙利西部一城市，位于奥地利边界附近建于罗马帝国时代，是一工业中心和重要的铁路交汇点人口85,830〔solidus〕A gold coin of the Roman Empire used in Europe until the 15th century. Also called bezant 苏勒德斯：古罗马帝国的一种金币，直到15世纪还一直在欧洲流通使用 也作 bezant〔tetrarch〕A governor of one of four divisions of a country or province, especially in the ancient Roman Empire.小领主，小君主：尤指古罗马帝国一国或一省四个分区之一的统治者〔Palatinate〕Either of two historical districts and former states of southern Germany. TheLower Palatinate is in southwest Germany between Luxembourg and the Rhine River; the Upper Palatinate is to the east in eastern Bavaria. They were once under the jurisdiction of the counts palatine, who became electors of the Holy Roman Empire in 1356 and were then known as electors palatine. 帕拉廷：两个历史古迹之一，原来是德国南部的州。低帕拉廷 在德国西南部的卢森堡和莱茵河之间； 高帕拉廷 在巴伐利亚东部地区的东部，他们曾经是在大法官的管辖权限之下，他们在1356年成为神圣罗马帝国的候选帝宫并且以作为候选宫而闻名 〔Lusitania〕An ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian Peninsula. It corresponded roughly to modern-day Portugal.卢西塔尼亚：古代一个地区，是古罗马帝国在伊伯利亚半岛的一个省份，大致相当于今天的葡萄牙〔Eugene〕Austrian general in service to the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714).尤金亲王：奥地利将军，在西班牙王位继承战争中（1701-1714年）效力于神圣罗马帝国〔Kaiserin〕German [feminine of] Kaiser [Kaiser] * see Kaiser 德语 Kaiser的阴性词 [神圣罗马帝国（奥国、德国）皇后] * 参见 Kaiser〔ancient〕Of or relating to times long past, especially those of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire (a.d. 476). See Synonyms at old 古代的：古代的或与古代有关的，尤指西罗马帝国灭亡之前的历史时期（公元 476年） 参见 old〔dicker〕Perhaps a desire to see history repeat itself has been at work in the case of an etymology suggested for the verbdicker, first recorded in 1802with reference to horse trading and the haggling that accompanies it.In a work published in 1848James Fenimore Cooper used the word with reference to frontier trade.This use would support a connection with the noundicker, which denotes a quantity of ten and was a common unit used in trading hides or furs. If the verbdicker originated in the fur trade, a parallel would exist with the noundicker. The noun may have come into the Germanic languages and hence to English by way of trade or tribute in furs between the Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire, with the Germanic word coming from the Latin worddecuria, "a group of ten men,” which in Late Latin was used as a measure of skins. The difficulty with this parallel isthat no existing evidence proves conclusively the derivation of the verbdicker from the noun dicker. 关于对动词dicker 提出的词源问题，也许是想看看历史重演的一种欲望在起作用， 此单词第一次记载是在1802年，同马匹交易和与之伴随的价格争论有关。在1848年出版的一本著作中，詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀根据边境贸易使用了这个词。这种使用将会支持与名词dicker 代表数量“十”并用于皮毛交易的联系。 如果动词dicker 起源于毛皮生意， 那么便会与名词dicker 一起并行存在。 该名词也许是随着来自于拉丁语decuria “十人一组”的日耳曼语单词一起（在拉丁语中它被用作皮革的计量单位），通过日耳曼人和罗马帝国之间毛皮交易或进贡的途径进入日耳曼语中，而从此以后进入英语中。 但是对于这种并行的困难是，没有现成的证据确凿地证明动词dicker 是从名词 dicker 中衍生来的 〔Tripoli〕A city of northwest Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea north-northeast of Beirut. Probably founded after the seventh centuryb.c. , it was capital of a Phoenician federation and later flourished under the Seleucid and Roman empires. Tripoli was captured by the Arabs in a.d. 638 and taken by the Crusaders in 1109 after a long siege. Population, 198,000. 的黎波里：黎巴嫩西北部的一个城市，临地中海，位于贝鲁特东北偏北方。很可能建于公元前 7世纪以后，曾是腓尼基联邦的首府，后来在塞琉古王朝和罗马帝国的统治下繁荣一时。 公元 638年，的黎波里被阿拉拍人占领，1109年十字军骑士在对它进行了长时间的包围后终于攻占了它。人口198,000 〔electorate〕The dignity or territory of an elector of the Holy Roman Empire.选帝侯的身份或领地：德国有权参加选举神圣罗马帝国皇帝的王侯的身份或领地〔Holstein〕A region and former duchy of northern Germany at the base of the Jutland Peninsula. It became a duchy under the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire in 1474 and was often controlled by Denmark in the years that followed.霍斯坦：德国北部一个曾为公爵领地的地区，位于日德兰半岛的基地，在1474年成为神圣罗马帝国管辖之下的公爵领地，后来经常被丹麦控制〔Wenceslaus〕Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1378-1400) and Bohemia (1378-1419). He was deposed as emperor and king by the German electors.文西斯劳斯：神圣罗马帝国皇帝、德意志国王(1378-1400年）和波希米亚国王(1398-1419年）。他被德意志选民们赶下了皇帝与国王的宝座〔Nicomedia〕An ancient city of northwest Asia Minor near the Bosporus in present-day Turkey. It flourished from 264b.c. until it was sacked by Goths in a.d. 258. Diocletian chose it for the capital of his Eastern Roman Empire, but it was soon superseded by Byzantium. 尼科美底亚：位于小亚细亚西北部的一座古城，在当今土耳其境内临博斯普鲁斯海峡。自公元前 264年开始兴盛直至 公元 258年被哥特人掠走。戴科里先将它定为东罗马帝国的首都。但不久又被拜占庭取代 〔Rhaetia〕An ancient Roman province that included present-day eastern Switzerland and western Austria. It was added to the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus.雷蒂亚：古罗马的一个省，包括今天的瑞士东部及奥地利西部。在奥古斯都统治时加入罗马帝国〔Judea〕An ancient region of southern Palestine comprising present-day southern Israel and southwest Jordan. In the time of Jesus it was a kingdom ruled by the Herods and part of the Roman province of Syria.朱迪亚：古代巴勒斯坦南部地区，包括今以色列南部及约旦西南部。耶稣在世时，它是由希律王室所统治的王国，也是罗马帝国叙利亚行省的一部分〔Epirus〕An ancient country on the Ionian Sea in present-day northwest Greece and southern Albania. It flourished in the 3rd centuryb.c. and was later a Roman province. An independent state after a.d. 1204, Epirus was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 伊庇鲁斯：爱琴海上一古国，位于现今希腊和阿尔巴尼亚南部的西北方，公元前 3世纪达到全盛，后成罗马帝国一省， 公元 1204年成为一自由城邦，15世纪伊庇鲁斯被土耳其人占领 〔labarum〕The banner adopted by Constantine I after his conversion to Christianity.罗马帝国后期军旗：康斯坦丁一世皈依基督教以后采用的军旗〔Bourbon〕French general who served Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, led a failed invasion of France (1524), and was killed while leading a German-Spanish assault on Rome.波旁，查尔斯·德：(1490-1527) 神圣罗马帝国查理五世时的法国将军，领导过一次侵略法兰西遭致失败（1524年），在一次领导袭击罗马城的日耳曼-西班牙战争中阵亡〔Linz〕A city of northern Austria on the Danube River west of Vienna. Originally a Roman settlement, it was a provincial capital of the Holy Roman Empire in the late 15th century. Population, 199,910.林茨：奥地利北部一城市，位于维也纳西部多瑙河畔。原为罗马人的拓居地，15世纪后期为神圣罗马帝国的首府。人口199,910〔sou〕from Late Latin solidus [solidus] * see solidus 源自 后期拉丁语 solidus [苏勒德斯（古罗马帝国君士坦丁大帝发行的一种金币）] * 参见 solidus〔Hohenstaufen〕Family of German rulers of the Holy Roman Empire (1138-1208 and 1215-1254). Hohenstaufens also reigned in Sicily (1194-1268).霍亨斯道芬：统治神圣罗马帝国（1138-1208和1215-1254年）的德国家族，也曾统治西西里岛（1194-1268年）〔territory〕the territories of the Holy Roman Empire.神圣罗马帝国的属地 |
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