| 单词 | 美军 |
| 释义 | 〔blouse〕The service coat or tunic worn by the members of some branches of the U.S. armed forces.美军服的短衣：美国军队某些分支部门的穿的外套和紧身上衣〔MacArthur〕American general who served as U.S. chief of staff (1930-1935) and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II. After losing the Philippines to the Japanese (1942), he regained the islands (1944) and accepted the surrender of Japan (1945). His father,Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912), commanded American troops in the Spanish-American War and thwarted Emilio Aguinaldo's insurgence in the Philippines (1899). 麦克阿瑟，道格拉斯：(1880-1964) 美国将军，曾在美参谋总部任职(1930-1935年），在二战期间统率盟军在南太平洋作战。1942年他在日本的进攻下丢掉了菲律宾群岛，1944年重新夺回该群岛，1945年接受了日本的投降。他的父亲亚瑟·麦克阿瑟 (1845-1912年）在美西战争中指挥美军，挫败了埃米利奥·阿奎那多在菲律宾的起义(1899年） 〔Yap〕An island group in the western Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Discovered by the Spanish in 1791, it became part of a Japanese mandate after 1920 and fell to U.S. forces in 1945.雅浦岛：西太平洋一群岛，位于加罗林群岛的西部。1791年被西班牙人发现，1920年后成为日本托管地的一部份，1945年被美军占领〔Cabanatuan〕A city of central Luzon, Philippines, north of Manila. It was the site of a World War II Japanese prison camp for American and Filipino soldiers captured at Bataan and Corregidor. Population, 38,400.卡巴那端：菲律宾吕宋岛中部的一座城市，位于马尼拉北部。曾经是二战期间日军关押巴丹半岛战役和柯雷吉多尔岛战役中俘获的美军战俘和菲律宾战俘的战俘集中营所在地。人口38,400〔brigade〕A U.S. Army administrative and tactical unit composed of a headquarters unit, at least one unit of infantry or armor or both, and designated support units. A brigade can be commanded by a brigadier general or by a colonel.旅：美军的行政和战略单位，包括一个指挥部，至少一个单位的步兵或装甲兵或二者兼有，以及指派的支援部队。可由陆军准将或由上校统领的一个旅〔Pulaski〕Polish patriot and general who aided American forces in the Revolutionary War, commanding the defense of Charleston (1779) and leading a cavalry brigade in the siege of Savannah, during which he was mortally wounded.普瓦斯基，卡齐米尔：(1747-1779) 波兰爱国主义者和将军，在美国独立战争中曾支持美军，指挥了查理斯顿防御战(1779年）并在萨瓦纳之围时率领一个骑兵旅，在这场战斗中受重伤而牺牲〔Bataan〕A peninsula of western Luzon, Philippines, between Manila Bay and the South China Sea. After an extended siege U.S. and Philippine World War II troops surrendered to the Japanese in April 1942. U.S. forces recaptured the peninsula in February 1945.巴丹半岛：菲律宾吕宋岛西部的半岛，在马尼拉湾和南中国海之间。在第二次世界大战中，经过一场持久的围攻之后，1942年4月美军和菲律宾军队向日军投降。1945年2月，美军收复了这个半岛〔captain〕A commissioned rank in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above first lieutenant and below major.上尉：美军陆军、空军、或海军陆战队的经过委任授予的军衔，位居中尉之上少校之下〔Jackson〕The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.杰克逊，安德鲁：(1767-1845) 美国第七任总统(1829-1837年），是1812年的战争中美军的将军，于1815年在新奥尔良打败英军。任总统期间他反对美洲银行，反对各州拥有把相抵触的联邦法律废除的权力，增大了总统的集权〔Haiphong〕A city of northeast Vietnam on the Red River delta near the Gulf of Tonkin. Established in 1874, it was shelled by the French in 1946 and heavily bombed by U.S. forces from 1965 to 1968 and again in 1972 during the Vietnam War. Population, 330,755.海防：越南东北的一个城市，位于接近东京湾的红河三角洲。建立于1874年，于1946年被法国轰炸，1965年到1968年被美军强烈轰炸，在1972年越战期间再次被轰炸。人口330,755〔Westmoreland〕American general who was the senior commander of American troops in Vietnam (1964-1968).威斯特摩兰，威廉·蔡尔兹：(生于 1914) 美国将军，曾任驻越南美军的高级指挥官(1964-1968年）〔Buell〕American army officer who was relieved of his Union command after failing to pursue Gen. Braxton Bragg's retreating Confederate troops at the Battle of Perryville in Kentucky (October 8, 1862).比尔，唐·卡洛斯：(1818-1898) 美国军官，在肯塔基佩里威尔战役(1862年10月8日）中，由于未能追击到布拉克斯顿·布雷格将军撤退的邦联军队而被撤去美军指挥职务〔parameter〕In recent yearsparameter has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city. But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter as a general substitute for characteristic, as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture, an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Some of the difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter, with which it shares the sense "limit,” though the two words differ in their precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well established, where the wordperimeter would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 近些年来，parameter 已成为一个从科技术语借用到普通用法的原形， 同时也引起了大量的怀疑批评。它的某些新用法可被看作是该词科技含义的有益扩展。例如，某一区域性法规中关于新建筑高度或密度的条文能被合理地与制定其它变量限度的数学参量进行比较。因而，人们当然可以说地区委员会公布了历史上该城有名的灯区新计划方案 。 但其它的一些用法说明说话人还没有理解它的科技含义，并且选用了这个词主要作为给将是普通交流的东西注入一些精确的科学气息的途径。因此，用parameter 作为 characteristic 的一般等价词毫无语义上的合理性， 如在犹太教与基督教的道德规范是西方文化中重要的限制因素 ， 是80%的用法小组成员不接受的例子。Parameter 的非科技运用中的一些难点是由于它与 perimeter 都有“限制”的含义造成的， 尽管两个词的确切含义是不相同的。这种混淆无疑解释了parameter 在例如 美军报告说，海湾地雷区的环形防线设置得相当不错 的句子中的运用， 这里perimeter 可能会更确切地表达这种引申含义。 61%的用法小组成员不接受这个运用parameter 的例子 〔Cantigny〕A village of northern France south of Amiens. It was the site of the first U.S. offensive (May 1918) in World War I.康蒂尼：法国北部亚眠以南一村庄。是第一次世界大战中美军发动第一次进攻的旧址（1918年5月）〔Maumee〕A city of northwest Ohio, a residential suburb of Toledo. It was settled on the site of Fort Miami, a British port surrendered to the Americans in the War of 1812. Population, 15,561.毛密：美国俄亥俄州西北部的一个城市，特莱多市的一个居住郊区。在1812年的战争中，这个位于迈阿密要塞上的英属港口城市向美军投降。人口15,561〔Bastogne〕A town of southeast Belgium near the Luxembourg border. It was a crucial point in the U.S. defensive line during the World War II Battle of the Bulge (December 1944-January 1945). Population, 11,386.巴斯通尼：比利时东南部的一座城市，位于卢森堡边界。是第二次世界大战期的巴尔基战役（1944年12月至1945年1月）美军防御线的重要据点。人口11,386〔airman〕An enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force that is above airman basic and below airman first class.空军士兵军衔：美军空军中在列兵之上，一等兵之下的军衔〔Buckner〕American army officer who served in the Mexican War, then became a Confederate general in the Civil War. His sonSimon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. (1886-1945), commanded U.S. forces in Alaska and the Pacific sector during World War II and was killed in action during the assault on Okinawa. 巴克纳，西蒙·玻利瓦尔：(1823-1914) 美国陆军军官。曾参加墨西哥战争，内战中为南部同盟军将领。其子小西蒙·勃利瓦·巴克纳 (1886-1945年），在第二次世界大战中率美军在阿拉斯加和太平洋战区作战，在冲绳岛战役中阵亡 〔captain〕A commissioned rank in the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard that is above commander and below rear admiral.上校：美军海军或海岸警备队的经过委任授予的军衔，位居海军中校之上海军少将之下〔Halsey〕American naval officer who during World War II led American naval forces to several important victories, including the Battle of Leyte Gulf (1944). On September 2, 1945, the Japanese formally surrendered aboard his flagship, the U.S.S.Missouri. 哈尔西，威廉·腓特烈：(1882-1959) 美国海军将领，在第二次世界大战期间他率领美军取得数次重大胜利，其中包括莱特湾战役(1944年），1945年9月2日，日本人在他的旗舰密苏里号 的甲板上正式投降 〔Braun〕German-born American rocket engineer, who was director of the U.S. Army team that put the first American satellite, Explorer I, into space (1958).布朗，韦赫·马格努斯·马克西米连·冯：(1912-1977) 德裔美籍火箭工程师，是发射美国第一颗人造卫星挑战者Ⅰ号进入太空（1958年）的美军小组指挥〔Washington〕American military leader and the first President of the United States (1789-1797). Commander of the American forces in the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), he presided over the Second Constitutional Convention (1787) and was elected President of the fledgling country (1789). He shunned partisan politics and in his farewell address (1796) warned against foreign involvement.华盛顿，乔治：(1732-1799) 美国军事领袖，美利坚合众国第一任总统(1789-1797年）。在美国独立战争(1775-1783年）中出任美军司令，主持第二届制宪会议(1787年），被选为新成立的美国的总统(1789年）。他避免了党派政治，并在他的告别讲演(1796年）中警告外国势力的干涉〔Guadalcanal〕A volcanic island of the western Pacific Ocean, the largest of the Solomon Islands. Discovered in 1788, the island became a British protectorate in 1893 and was occupied by the Japanese in World War II, leading to an invasion by U.S. troops in August 1942. After fierce jungle fighting, the island was captured by the Allies in February 1943.瓜达尔卡纳尔岛：太平洋西部一火山岛，所罗门群岛中的最大岛屿。该岛1788年被发现，1893年成为英国保护领地，在第二次世界大战期间被日军占领。1942年8月美军进攻该岛。经过激烈的丛林战，盟军于1943年2月占领该岛〔Edgewood〕A community of northeast Maryland on an inlet of Chesapeake Bay northeast of Baltimore. A U.S. Army arsenal is nearby. Population, 23,903.埃奇伍德：美国马里兰州东北部一社区，位于巴提莫乐以北切萨皮克湾的一个海口上。附近是一个美军武器库。人口23,903〔Wood〕American military leader and colonial administrator who was chief of staff of the U.S. Army (1910-1914) and governor-general of the Philippines (1921-1927).伍德，伦纳德：(1860-1927) 美国部队官员和殖民统治者，他是美军参谋长(1910-1914年）和菲律宾总督(1921-1927年）〔specialist〕Abbr. SPAny of several noncommissioned ranks in the U.S. Army that correspond to that of corporal through sergeant first class.缩写 SP特种官兵：任一个美军未受过军衔的军人，相当于从下士到三级军士的军衔〔Nixon〕The 37th President of the United States (1969-1974). Vice President (1953-1961) under Dwight D. Eisenhower, he lost the 1960 presidential election to John F. Kennedy. Elected President in 1968, he visited China (1972) and established détente with the U.S.S.R. Although he increased U.S. military involvement in Southeast Asia, he was also responsible for the eventual withdrawal of U.S. troops. When Congress recommended three articles of impeachment for Nixon's involvement in the Watergate scandal, he resigned from office (August 9, 1974).尼克松，理查德·米尔豪斯：(生于 1913) 美国第三十七任总统(1969-1974年），在艾森豪·威尔执政时任副总统(1953-1961年），他在1960的总统选举中输给了约翰·F·肯尼迪，1968年为总统候选人，他访问了中国(1972年）并缓和了与苏联的关系。尽管他增加了美国在东南亚的军事介入，但他也对最终在美军从该地区的撤回中起主要作用。当国会因尼克松卷入水门事件丑闻交付三篇弹劾文章时，他辞去了总统职务(1974年8月9日）〔Vietnamization〕During the Vietnam War, the U.S. program of turning over to the South Vietnamese government responsibility for waging the conflict, in order to implement withdrawal of U.S. military personnel.战争越南化：在越南战争中，美国把进行战争的责任推给南越政府从而使美军能够撤出来的政策 |
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