| 单词 | 美国政府 |
| 释义 | 〔good〕Used formerly to refer to the U.S. Government grade of meat higher than standard and lower than choice.肉类中的一级：以前用来指美国政府为猪肉制订的等级，高于标准级但低于精选级〔Forrestal〕American public official who served as undersecretary (1940-1944) and secretary (1944-1947) of the navy and secretary of defense (1947-1949).福雷斯特尔，詹姆斯·文森特：(1892-1949) 美国政府官员，1940至1944年任海军部副部长，1944至1947年任海军部部长，1947至1949年任国防部长〔Hay〕American public official and writer who served as ambassador to Great Britain (1897-1898) and U.S. secretary of state (1898-1905). His literary works include poetry and a life of Abraham Lincoln (1890).海，约翰·米尔顿：(1838-1905) 曾任美驻英国大使(1897-1898年）和美国国务卿(1898-1905年）的美国政府官员和作家，其作品包括诗集和一部亚伯拉罕·林肯的传记(1890年）〔Lansing〕American public official who as U.S. secretary of state (1915-1920) arranged the purchase of the Virgin Islands (1917) and attended the peace conference ending World War I (1919).兰辛，罗伯特：(1864-1928) 美国政府官员，作为美国国务卿(1915-1920年）于1917年安排购买了维尔京群岛，并于1919年参加了结束第一次世界大战的和平会议〔Harris〕American public official who served as secretary of health, education, and welfare (1979-1981).哈里斯，帕特里塞·罗伯茨：(1924-1985) 担任过卫生、教育和福利官员（1979-1981年）的美国政府官员〔Hiss〕American public official. Accused of espionage at the height of the Communist scare, he was convicted of perjury (1950) in a controversial case.希斯，阿杰尔：(生于 1904) 美国政府官员。在共产主义恐慌达到高峰时被指控为间谍，后来在一个有争议的案件中被认定犯有伪证罪(1950年）〔shinplaster〕A piece of paper money of small denomination issued by the government, especially one issued by the U.S. government from 1862 to 1878.纸币：政府发行的一种小面额纸币，尤其指美国政府在1862年到1878年间发行的类似纸币〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔Dulles〕American public official. Director of the C.I.A. (1953-1961), he resigned after the failed invasion of the Bay of Pigs.杜勒斯，艾伦·威尔士：(1893-1969) 美国政府官员。1953-1961年间任美国中央情报局局长，袭击猪猡湾失败后辞职〔opinion〕"A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own,have rendered the great Government of the United States helpless and contemptible" (Woodrow Wilson).“那些只代表他们自己的意见而不是其它公民意见的一小撮人，已经使伟大的美国政府处于一种无助和被人小瞧的地步” （伍德洛·威尔逊）。〔Crawford〕American public official who held numerous governmental posts and was one of four candidates for President in the election decided by the House of Representatives (1824).克劳福德，威廉·哈里斯：(1772-1834) 美国政府官员，曾历任政府官职，在众议院决定性的选举中成为四个总统候选人之一(1824年）〔Geronimo〕Apache leader who resisted the U.S. government policy to consolidate his people on reservations by leading a series of raids against Mexican and American settlements in the Southwest (1876-1886).杰罗尼莫：阿帕切人的领袖，他反对美国政府的政策，以通过在西南部领导一系列对墨西哥人和美国人定居地的袭击来巩固其族人的居留地（1876-1886年）〔Holland〕Irish-born American inventor and nautical pioneer. His submarine was the first purchased by the U.S. government (1900).霍兰，约翰·菲利普：(1840-1914) 爱尔兰裔英国发明家和航海先驱，他的潜水艇是美国政府购买的第一艘（1900年）〔choice〕Of the U.S. Government grade of meat higher than good and lower than prime.中等的：在美国政府制定的肉类等级中高于好的但低于上等的〔Remington〕American firearms manufacturer whose company was a major munitions supplier to the U.S. government and under his sonPhilo (1816-1889) an important manufacturer of sewing machines and typewriters. 雷明顿，以利法雷特：(1793-1861) 美国武器制造商，他的公司是美国政府的主要的军火供应者，在他的儿子菲罗 (1816-1889年）领导的时期是缝纫机和打字机的重要的制造商 〔Grasso〕American public official. As governor of Connecticut (1975-1981), she was the first woman to achieve an American state governorship in her own right.格拉索，埃拉·塔姆布斯：(1919-1981) 美国政府官员，作为康涅狄格州的州长（1975-1981年），她是凭自己的能力获得美国州长职位的第一位女性〔Clayton〕American public official who as secretary of state (1849-1850) negotiated the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Great Britain (1850), establishing the neutrality of a proposed canal across Central America.克莱顿，约翰·米德尔顿：(1796-1856) 美国政府官员，曾任国务卿（1849-1850年），与英国达成克莱顿-布尔沃条约（1850年），确立了穿越中美的运河其中立地位〔Franklin〕American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of hisPoor Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. Franklin negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove. 富兰克林，本杰明：(1706-1790) 美国政府官员、作家、科学家和印刷业者。当他的作品《穷理查的历书》 成功之后（1732-1757年），他进入了政界并在美国革命中起了重要作用。富兰克林通过谈判说服法国支持殖民地、签署了巴黎和约（1783年）并帮助起草了宪法（1787-1789年）。他的众多的科学发明包括避雷针、双焦点的眼镜和暖炉 〔Langford〕American public official, conservationist, and explorer. He helped found (1872) and was the first superintendent (1872-1877) of Yellowstone National Park.朗格福特，内森尼尔·皮特：(1832-1911) 美国政府官员、自然资源保护者和探险者，他于1872年帮助建立黄石国家公园，并于1872-1877年间任该公园第一任主管〔gov〕For Internet addresses of the United States government,.gov is the top-level domain only for federal agencies, except for the military, which uses .mil . State government agencies use the particular state's two-letter postal abbreviation, lowercased, followed by .us (for example, .mi.us for Michigan). 美国政府的因特网地址.gov 是只有联邦政府才能使用的顶级域名，不包括使用 .mil 的军方。州政府机构使用各个州的邮递缩写，由两个小写字母组成、后面跟有 .us （如 .mi.us 是密执安州的域名） 〔Aguinaldo〕Philippine leader of a rebellion against Spanish rule (1896-1898) and an uprising against American authority (1899-1901) that ended with his capture and subsequent oath of allegiance to the United States.阿奎那多，埃米利奥：(1869-1964) 菲律宾反抗西班牙统治（1896-1898年）的领袖。他领导的反对美国政府的起义（1899-1901年）因其被捕而告终，随后宣誓忠于美国 |
| 随便看 |
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。