| 单词 | 美德 |
| 释义 | 〔excellence〕Excellence Excellency. Excellence 美德〔virtue〕from Latin virtūs [manliness, excellence, goodness] 源自 拉丁语 virtūs [男子气，优点，美德] 〔cynic〕Cynic A member of a sect of ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue. Cynic 犬儒学派：古代希腊哲学学派的成员，认为美德是唯一的善的东西，自制是唯一获得美德的方法〔virtue〕An example or kind of moral excellence:美德，德行：一种美德或其实例：〔sovereign〕her sovereign virtue is compassion.她最崇高的美德是富有同情心〔bane〕"Obedience,/Bane of all genius, virtue, freedom, truth,/Makes slaves of men"(Percy Bysshe Shelley)“顺从——那毁灭所有智慧、美德、自由、真理的根源，使人们沦为奴隶”(珀西·比希·雪莱)〔heroine〕The wordhero should no longer be regarded as restricted to men in the sense "a person noted for courageous action,”thoughheroine is always restricted to women. The distinction betweenheroine and hero is still useful, however, in referring to the principal character of a fictional work, in as much as the virtues and qualities that become a traditional literary heroine like Elizabeth Bennet or Isabel Archer are generally quite different from those that become a traditional literary hero like Tom Jones or Huckleberry Finn.单词hero 不应该仅限于指男人， 因为它有“因勇敢行为而出名的人”的意思，尽管heroine 仅用于女人。 heroine 与 hero 之间的区别用于区分虚构的作品中的主要人物仍然有用， 因象伊丽莎白·贝内特或伊莎贝拉·阿彻这样的传统文学上的女主角与象汤姆·琼斯或哈克贝利·费恩这样的传统的文学上的男主角的美德与品质，一般说来，有很大不同〔borrelia〕after Amédée Borrel (1867-1936), French bacteriologist 源自阿美德 包柔 （1867-1936年），法国细菌学家 〔chutzpah〕"has the chutzpah to claim a lock on God and morality"(New York Times)“厚颜无耻地宣称拥有上帝和美德的秘密”(纽约时报)〔pretend〕"Assume a virtue, if you have it not" (Shakespeare). “假如你没有美德的话，那就假装你有美德” （莎士比亚）。 〔gold〕Something regarded as having great value or goodness:黄金似的东西：被认为是具有极大价值或美德的东西：〔transient〕"I cannot praise a fugitive . . . virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary" (John Milton).“我不能赞扬一种易变的美德，它没有经受过考验、没有抛头露面，从来就没有挺身而出并勇敢地面对敌人” （约翰·弥尔顿）。〔cynic〕A cynic may be pardoned for thinking that this is a dog's life.The Greek wordkunikos, from which cynic comes, was originally an adjective meaning "doglike,” fromkuōn, "dog.” The word was most likely applied to the Cynic philosophers because of the nicknamekuōn given to Diogenes of Sinope, the prototypical Cynic. He is said to have performed such actions as barking in public, urinating on the leg of a table, and masturbating on the street.The first use of the word recorded in English, in a work published from 1547 to 1564, is in the plural for members of this philosophical sect.In 1596 we find the first instance ofcynic meaning "faultfinder,” a sense that was to develop into our modern sense.The meaning "faultfinder" came naturally from the behavior of countless Cynics who in their pursuit of virtue pointed out the flaws in others.Such faultfinding could lead quite naturally to the belief associated with cynics of today that selfishness determines human behavior.犬儒学派成员因认为这是狗的生命而可能被赦免。希腊词kunikos 是 cynic 的来源， 最初为形容词，意思是“似狗”，源自kuon “狗”，。 这个词最适用于犬儒派哲学家，因为给犬儒主义者的鼻祖的绰号是kuon 。 据说他曾经当众吼叫，在桌腿上小便，并且在街上手淫。这个词在一本1547到1564年出版的著作里首次用英语记录下来的用法是，用作复数来指代此哲学学派的成员。1596年，我们发现cynic 的第一个意思是吹毛求疵的人的例子， 也是发展成具有我们现代意义的含义。 “吹毛吹疵的人”这个意思是从无数个以追求指摘别人缺点为美德的犬儒主义者的行为而得来。这种指摘很自然地得出与现在的犬儒主义相联系的信仰，认为自私自利决定人类行为〔apparent〕Used after a form of the verbbe, however, apparent can mean either "seeming" (as in His virtues are only apparent ) or "obvious" (as inThe effects of the drought are apparent to anyone who sees the parched fields ). Writers should take care that the intended meaning is clear from the context.但当其用于动词be 后面时， apparent 则既可表示“貌似，表面上的”意思（如他的美德只是表面上的。）〔sanctity〕The quality or condition of being considered sacred; inviolability.神圣，尊严：神圣的美德或节操；不可侵犯性〔adorn〕"Virtue adorned his mind"(John Ford)“为他思想增添光彩的美德”(约翰·福特)〔sinew〕"Good company and good discourse are the very sinews of virtue"(Izaak Walton)“良友和益言是美德的源泉”(艾萨克·沃尔顿)〔honor〕High respect, as that shown for special merit; esteem:尊敬：对特殊美德的高度尊重；尊敬：〔show〕"Few ‘letters home’ of successful men or women display the graces of modesty and self-forgetfulness" (H.G. Wells).“事业有成的男性或女性很少写信回家，这显示出廉逊与忘我的美德” （H·G 威尔士）。〔individualism〕Belief in the primary importance of the individual and in the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence.个人主义：认为个人是最重要的，认为靠自己和个人独立是最重要的美德〔standout〕One that is conspicuous by virtue of excellence or superiority:出众的：因美德或优势而引人注目的人：〔merit〕A quality deserving praise or approval; virtue:优点：值得表扬赞赏的品质；美德：〔proportion〕"We do not always find visible happiness in proportion to visible virtue"(Samuel Johnson)“我们会发现可见的幸福不一定与可见的美德成比例”(塞缪尔·约翰逊)〔fall〕A moral lapse.堕落：丧失美德〔virtuous〕Having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence:有德行的：有或表现美德的，尤指道德上的优点：〔save〕Reclaim, applied to people,means to bring back,as from error to virtue or to right or proper conduct;it can also mean to return a thing to usefulness or productivity: Reclaim 适用于人，意思是改过，如从谬误到美德或正义或正当的行为的改过；也指将某物转变为有用的或有生产能力的事物： 〔display〕a parade of knowledge and virtue;知识和美德的炫耀；〔push〕"We extol the virtues of motherhood and bestow praise on the self-sacrificing homemaker but when push comes to shove, we give her little recognition for what she does"(Los Angeles Times)“我们赞美母性的美德和有自我牺牲精神的主妇们，但是当形势十分紧要的时刻，我们对她的所作所为却没有给予承认和认可”(洛杉矶时报)〔thew〕Middle English [a virtue] 中古英语 [美德] 〔tower〕One that conspicuously embodies strength, firmness, or another virtue.伟人：很显著地拥有力量、坚毅或其它美德的人〔righteous〕In accordance with virtue or morality:正义的，正当的：与情操或美德相一致的：〔virtuoso〕from Late Latin virtuōsus [virtuous] 源自 后期拉丁语 virtuōsus [有美德的] 〔demerit〕Absence of merit.缺点：美德的缺失〔worth〕Quality that commands esteem or respect; merit:美德，品格：令人敬重或尊重的品质；优点：〔grace〕An excellence or a power granted by God.上帝赋予的美德或力量〔good〕There is much good to be found in people.在别人身上能发现许多美德〔hope〕Often Hope The theological virtue defined as the desire and search for a future good, difficult but not impossible to attain with God's help. 常作 Hope 神学美德：神学美德，指对于来世幸福的渴望及寻求，虽然艰难，但是，上帝的帮助使它的获得成为可能〔attribute〕 Credit frequently applies to an accomplishment or virtue: Credit 常指一项成就或美德： 〔virtue〕Moral excellence and righteousness; goodness.正直，善良：道德上的优点和正直；美德 |
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