| 单词 | 美索不达米亚 |
| 释义 | 〔Euphrates〕A river of southwest Asia flowing about 2,735 km (1,700 mi) from central Turkey through Syria and into Iraq, where it joins the Tigris River to form the Shatt al Arab. Its waters were a major source of irrigation for the flourishing civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia.幼发拉底河：西南亚的一条河流，流程约为2,735公里（1,700英里），它发源于土耳其中部，流经叙利亚，在伊拉克境内与底格里斯河汇合形成了阿拉伯河。它的流域是古代美索不达米亚文明繁荣的重要发祥地〔Enki〕The Mesopotamian god of waters and primeval establisher of law and order.焉奇：美索不达米亚水神与太古时代法律与秩序的建立者〔Ur〕A city of ancient Sumer in southern Mesopotamia on a site in present-day southeast Iraq. One of the oldest cities in Mesopotamia, it was an important center of Sumerian culture after c. 3000b.c. and the birthplace of Abraham. The city declined after the sixth century b.c. 乌尔，迦迪斯的吾珥：古代美索不达米亚南部苏美尔的城市，遗址在现今伊拉克的东西部。是美索不达米亚最古老的城市之一。在公元前 3000年左右是苏美人文化的重要中心，是阿伯拉罕的出生地。在 公元前 6世纪后衰败 〔Aramean〕One of a group of Semitic peoples inhabiting Aram and parts of Mesopotamia from the 11th to the 8th centuryb.c. 阿拉姆人：自公元前 11世纪至8世纪居住于阿拉姆及美索不达米亚部分地区的一组闪族人中的一支 〔Mosul〕A city of northern Iraq on the Tigris River north-northwest of Baghdad. An important center on the historical caravan route across northern Mesopotamia, it became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Mosul was awarded to Iraq by the League of Nations in 1925. Population, 570,926.摩苏尔：伊拉克北部一城市，位于巴格达西北偏北的底格里斯河沿岸，是历史上穿越美索不达米亚北部的商队路线上的一个重要中心，16世纪成为奥斯曼帝国的一部分，在1925年被国际联盟判给伊拉克。人口570,926〔Hammurabi〕Babylonian king (1792-1750) who made Babylon the chief Mesopotamian kingdom and codified the laws of Mesopotamia and Sumeria.汉摩拉比：巴比伦王国国王（公元前1792-1750年），他使得巴比伦王国称霸美索不达米亚地区，并且把美索不达米亚和苏美人的法律编集成法典〔Lagash〕An ancient city of Sumer in southern Mesopotamia. It flourished c. 2400b.c. and after the fall of Akkad (2180) enjoyed a classical revival noted for its sculpture and literature. 拉加什：苏美尔的一座古城，位于美索不达米亚南部。它在公元前 2400年鼎盛一时，在阿卡得陷落（公元前2180年）后又在雕塑上和文学上出现了著名的古典主义复兴 〔Seleucia〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia on the Tigris River south-southeast of modern Baghdad. Founded c. 300b.c. , it was an important commercial center and the chief city of the empire founded by Seleucus I. 塞琉西亚：美索不达米亚的一座古城，位于今巴格达东南偏南的底格里斯河畔。建于公元前 300年左右，是塞琉卡斯一世缔造的王国的一个重要的商业中心和主要城市 〔Akkadian〕The Semitic language of Mesopotamia. Also called In this sense, also called Assyrian 阿卡德语：美索不达米亚使用的闪语 也作 在此意义上也可称作 Assyrian〔Babylonia〕An ancient empire of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley. It flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II but declined after 562b.c. and fell to the Persians in 539. 巴比伦王国：美索不达米亚的一个古代帝国，幼发拉底河流域。繁荣于汉穆拉比和尼布甲尼撒二世统治之时，但于公元前 562年后衰落并于539年落于波斯人手中 〔Nergal〕The Mesopotamian god of war and plague, and the consort of Ereshkigal.尼尔加：美索不达米亚战争与瘟疫之神，厄里什基迦勒的配偶〔Chaldea〕An ancient region of southern Mesopotamia. Settled c. 1000b.c. , it reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II. The Chaldean empire was destroyed by Persians in 539 b.c. 迦勒底：古代美索不达米亚南部一地区。公元前 1000年建立，在纳布察德奈查二世统治时权力达到鼎盛。 公元前 539迦勒底帝国被波斯人消灭 〔Ereshkigal〕The Mesopotamian goddess of the underworld.厄里什基迦勒：美索不达米亚掌管阴间的女神〔Edessa〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia on the site of present-day Urfa in southeast Turkey. A major Christian center after the third centurya.d. , it fell to the Arabs in 639 and was captured by Crusaders in 1097. 伊德沙：美索不达米亚的一座古代城市，位于今天土耳其东南部乌尔发一带。它是公元前 3世纪之后的一个重要基督教圣地，639年被阿拉伯人攻陷，1097年又被十字军占领 〔Kish〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley of present-day central Iraq. Its extensive ruins have yielded valuable archaeological evidence about Sumerian culture.启什：美索不达米亚的古代城市，位于今天伊拉克中部幼发拉底河流域。其众多的遗迹成为关于苏美尔人文明的有价值的考古学证据〔Mesopotamia〕An ancient region of southwest Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. Probably settled before 5000b.c. , the area was the home of numerous early civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, and Assyria. It declined in importance after Mongol invaders destroyed its extensive irrigation system in a.d. 1258. 美索不达米亚：古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区，位于现在的伊拉克境内。可能在公元前 5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明，其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。蒙古侵略者在 公元 1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后，这一地区的重要性就此减小 〔Akkad〕Also A.ga.de [ə-gäʹdə] An ancient city of Mesopotamia and capital of the Akkadian empire. 也作 A.ga.de [ə-gäʹdə] 阿卡得：美索不达米亚的一座古城，是阿卡德帝国的首都〔Mitanni〕An ancient kingdom of northwest Mesopotamia extending from the bend in the Euphrates River nearly to the Tigris River. Founded probably by Aryans, the kingdom was established c. 1475b.c. and lasted until c. 1275, when it fell to the Hittites. 米坦尼：美索不达米亚西北的古老王国，从幼发拉底河湾延伸接近底格里斯河。该王国可能是由亚利安人于大约公元前 1475年所建，持续到公元1275年，直至其落入赫梯人之手 〔Haran〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia in present-day southeast Turkey. It was an important trading post and a religious center devoted to the Assyrian moon god.哈兰：美索不达米亚的一座位于今天土耳其东南部的古城，它一个重要的贸易站和虔诚地信仰亚述月亮神的宗教中心〔Enlil〕The chief Mesopotamian tutelary deity, invoked to assure prosperity.安利尔：美索不达米亚主守护神，祈求其能确保繁荣与成功〔Megiddo〕An ancient city of northwest Palestine on the southern edge of the Plain of Esdraelon. It was the scene of many battles throughout early history because of its strategic position on the route connecting Egypt with Mesopotamia.美吉多：巴勒斯坦西北部古城，位于厄斯垂伊伦的南部边缘。因其位于连接埃及和美索不达米亚的通道上这一战略位置而成为早期历史上许多战役的发生地点〔Wednesday〕We say the names of the days of the week constantly,but for most of us they are nonsense syllables. The seven-day system we use is based on the ancient astrological notion that the seven celestial bodies (the sun, the moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn) revolving around stationary Earth influence what happens on itand that each of these celestial bodies controls the first hour of the day named after it.This system was brought into Hellenistic Egypt from Mesopotamia,where astrology had been practiced for millenniums and where seven had always been a propitious number.Ina.d. 321 the Emperor Constantine the Great grafted this astrological system onto the Roman calendar, made the first day of this new week a day of rest and worship for all,and imposed the following sequence and names to the days of the week:Diēs Sōlis, "Sun's Day"; Diēs Lūnae, "Moon's Day"; Diēs Martis, "Mars's Day"; Diēs Mercuriī, "Mercury's Day"; Diēs Iovis, "Jove's Day" or "Jupiter's Day"; Diēs Veneris, "Venus's Day"; andDiēs Saturnī, "Saturn's Day.” This new Roman system was adopted with modifications throughout most of western Europe:in the Germanic languages, such as Old English, the names of four of the Roman gods were converted into those of the corresponding Germanic gods.Therefore in Old English we have the following names (with their Modern English developments):Sunnandæg, Sunday; Mōnandæg, Monday; Tīwesdæg, Tuesday (the god Tiu, like Mars, was a god of war); Wōdnesdæg, Wednesday (the god Woden, like Mercury, was quick and eloquent); Thunresdæg, Thursday ( the god Thunor in Old English or Thor in Old Norse, like Jupiter, was lord of the sky;Old NorseThōrsdagr influenced the English form); Frīgedæg, Friday (the goddess Frigg, like Venus, was the goddess of love); andSaeternesdæg, Saturday. 我们经常说一周各天的名字，但对我们中的大多数人来说，它们是毫无意义的音节。我们使用的七天制度是建立在古代星象学的观点上，即绕着静止不动的地球旋转的七个天体（太阳、月亮、火星、水星、木星、金星和土星），影响着地球上发生的事情，并且这些天体控制着以它们的名字命名的周日的第一个小时。这个体制从美索不达米亚引进到具有古希腊文明的埃及，在美索不达米亚，星象术已流行了上百万年，七一直是个吉利的数字。在公元 321年伟大的康斯坦丁国王把星相学系统用于罗马历， 把这种新星期的第一天作为休息与做礼拜的一天，并把以下的次序及名字加在其它的周日上：Dies solis ，“太阳日”； Dies Lunae “月亮日”； Dies Martis “金星日”； Dies Mercurii ，“水星日”； Dies Iovis， “朱维日”或“木星日”； Dies Veneris， “金星日”； 和Dies Saturni, “土星日”。 这种新罗马体制在西欧的大部地区有所改变后被采用：在日耳曼语言中，如古英语中，四位罗马神的名字被改为相应的日耳曼神的名字。所以在古英语中我们看到以下的名字（以及他们的现代英语形式）：Sunnanhd?g, 星期日； Monand?g, 星期一； Tiwesd?g， 星期二（蒂乌神，象玛尔斯一样，是战神）； Wodnesd?g, 星期三（沃登，象墨丘利一样，行动敏捷，善于词辩）； Thunresd?g， 星期四( 古英语中的撒纳及古挪威语的索，象朱庇特一样，是宇宙之主；古挪威语的Thorsdagr 影响了英语中的该词的形式）； Friged?g, 星期五（女神弗丽嘉，象维纳斯一样，是爱神）； 和Saeternesd?g, 星期六 〔Nanna〕The Mesopotamian god of the full moon.南纳：美索不达米亚的满月之神〔Akkad〕An ancient region of Mesopotamia occupying the northern part of Babylonia. It reached the height of its power in the third millenniumb.c. 阿卡得：古代美索不达米亚的一个地区，位于巴比伦的北部。在公元前 三千年时达到鼎盛时期 〔Babylon〕The capital of ancient Babylonia in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River. Established as capital c. 1750b.c. and rebuilt in regal splendor by Nebuchadnezzar II after its destruction (c. 689 b.c. ) by the Assyrians, Babylon was the site of the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. 巴比伦：古巴比伦王国的首都，位于幼发拉底河沿岸的美索不达米亚境内，作为首都大约建于公元前 1750年，在它被亚述人毁灭后（ 公元前 689年），它又被尼布甲尼撒二世重建于王室显赫之时，巴比伦是世界七大奇观之一的空中花园所在地 〔Sumer〕An ancient country of southern Mesopotamia in present-day southern Iraq. Archaeological evidence dates the beginnings of Sumer to the fifth millenniumb.c. By 3000 a flourishing civilization existed, which gradually exerted power over the surrounding area and culminated in the Akkadian dynasty founded (c. 2340) by Sargon I. Sumer declined after 2000 and was later absorbed by Babylonia and Assyria. The Sumerians are believed to have invented the cuneiform system of writing. 苏美尔：美索不达米亚平南部一古国，位于今伊拉克南部。据考古学的证据显示，苏美尔的建立可追溯到公元前 五千年，到公元前3000年，就已出现了繁荣的文明，它逐渐地影响并控制了周围的地区，到萨尔贡世建立的古阿卡德王朝时（前2340年）、文明达到顶峰的公元前2000年前后，苏美尔开始衰落，后来被巴比伦和亚述吞并，人们相信苏美尔人发明了象形文字 |
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