| 单词 | 翻转 |
| 释义 | 〔turn〕turn the steak; turn a page.翻转牛排；翻一页书〔over〕From an upward position to an inverted or reversed position:翻转地，反面地：从上方倒转或相反的位置：〔tip〕The act of tipping.翻倒：使…翻转的动作〔per〕frump , from Middle Dutch verrompelen , to wrinkle. a, b, c, and d all from Germanic *fer- , *far- , used chiefly as an intensive prefix denoting destruction, reversal, or completion. frump , 源自 中古荷兰语 verrompelen , 起皱. a, b, c, 和 d 都源自 日耳曼语 *fer- , *far- , 主要用作强调前缀，意为破坏, 翻转, 或完成. 〔reversal〕The act or an instance of reversing.倒转，颠倒：颠倒或翻转的行为或实例〔overturn〕The act or process of overturning.翻转：翻转过来的动作或过程〔catastrophe〕strephein [to turn] * see streb(h)- strephein [翻转] * 参见 streb(h)- 〔retroversion〕The state of being turned or tilted back.翻转：向后转或向后倾斜的状态〔versant〕French [present participle of] verser [to turn] 法语 verser的现在分词 [翻转] 〔tumbler〕One of a breed of domestic pigeons characteristically tumbling or somersaulting in flight.翻飞鸽：飞行中会摇摆或翻转的一种家鸽〔turn〕To change the position of so that the underside becomes the upper side:翻转：改变…的位置而使下面的成为上面的：〔turn〕To bring the bottom to the top or vice versa; invert.翻转，翻过来：把底翻到上面或相反面；翻转〔dump〕To empty out (a container or vehicle), as by overturning or tilting.倒空：翻转或倾斜而倒空（容器或车辆）〔turn〕To change the position or disposition of by folding, bending, or twisting:翻，翻转：通过折叠、弯曲成扭曲而改变位置或姿式：〔girandole〕from girare [to turn] 源自 girare [翻转] 〔evert〕vertere [to turn] * see wer- 2vertere [翻转] * 参见 wer- 2〔pitchpole〕To flip or cause to flip end over end:（使）大颠簸，（使）纵摇，（使）翻转：急速翻转或造成突然翻转：〔emboly〕The formation of a gastrula from a blastula by invagination.内陷：囊胚翻转形成胚囊〔cartwheel〕A handspring in which the body turns over sideways with the arms and legs spread like the spokes of a wheel.侧翻跳：身体向侧翻转，双臂、双腿象轮子的辐条一样展开的一种翻跳〔flip〕To turn over or around, especially with a light, quick motion:敏捷翻转：尤指用轻而快的动作翻转或转动：〔turn〕To capsize or turn upside-down:倾覆，底朝天翻转：〔tipple〕From dialectal tipple [to overturn] [frequentative of] tip 2源自 方言 tipple [翻转] tip2的重复动词 〔revolve〕from Latin revolvere [to turn over, roll back, reflect upon] 源自 拉丁语 revolvere [翻转，卷回，考虑] 〔ax〕Ax, a common nonstandard variant of ask, is often identified as an especially salient feature of African American Vernacular English. While it is true that the form is frequent in the speech of African Americans, it used to be common in the speech of white Americans as well, especially in New England. This should not be surprising since ax is a very old word in English, having been used in England for over 1,000 years. In Old English we find both āscian and ācsian, and in Middle English both asken and axen. Moreover, the forms with cs or x had no stigma associated with them. Chaucer used asken and axen interchangeably, as in the lines "I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf" and "Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle,” both from The Canterbury Tales. The forms in x arose from the forms in sk by a linguistic process called metathesis, in which two sounds are reversed. The x thus represents (ks), the flipped version of (sk). Metathesis is a common linguistic process around the world and does not arise from a defect in speaking. Nevertheless, ax has become stigmatized as substandard—a fate that has befallen other words, like ain't, that were once perfectly acceptable in literate circles. ask 的一般非标准变体 ax 常被认为是美国黑人英语极为显著的特色。尽管美国黑人在交谈中的确使用ax这种形式，但美国白人也在口语中普遍使用它，尤其是新英格兰的白人。不必对此表示惊奇，因为 ax 是个很古老的英语词汇，在英语中至少使用了1000年以上。古英语中有 āscian 和 ācsian, ，中古英语中有 asken 和 axen 。而且，带 cs 或 x 的形式同不好的含义无关。乔叟在下文中交替使用 asken 和 axen ："I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf（我问道，这是真是幻/将成为我的妻子）”和"Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle（人们问他，会降临什么）”，这两句话都出自 《坎特伯利故事集》 。带 sk 的形式经由 换位 的语言过程产生带 x 的形式，换位就是将两个音位置颠倒。因此 x 表示(ks)的发音，即(sk)的翻转发音。换位是世界通用的语言过程并且不会造成交谈中的欠缺。但 ax 已被记作非标准用法──同样降临在曾一度被知识界完全接受的其它单词（如 ain't ）的命运 〔transverse〕Latin trānsversus [from past participle of] trānsvertere [to turn across] 拉丁语 trānsversus 源自trānsvertere的过去分词 [翻转] 〔strophanthin〕New Latin Strophanthus [genus name] Greek strophos [twisted cord] * see strop Greek anthos [flower] 新拉丁语 Strophanthus [属名] 希腊语 strophos [曲线] * 参见 strop 希腊语 anthos [翻转] 〔revolt〕frequentative of Latin revolvere [to turn over] * see revolve 拉丁语 revolvere的重复 [翻转] * 参见 revolve〔turn〕Turn the design right side up on all your jacket buttons. Turn the hat inside out.把你外套上的纽扣的图案翻转正了。把帽子的里面翻出来〔tip〕To push or knock over; overturn or topple:使…翻倒：推或撞倒；翻转或倾覆：〔toilet〕A fixture for defecation and urination, consisting of a bowl fitted with a hinged seat and connected to a waste pipe and a flushing apparatus; a privy.抽水马桶：一个用于大便和小便的装置，由一个装有翻转式坐部和并与废物管道相连的桶身和一个冲洗器具组成；厕所〔versant〕from Latin versāre [to turn frequently] * see versatile 源自 拉丁语 versāre [频繁地翻转] * 参见 versatile〔volution〕From Latin volūtus [past participle of] volvere [to turn] * see volute 源自 拉丁语 volūtus volvere的过去分词 [翻转] * 参见 volute〔moldboard〕The curved plate of a plow that turns over the soil.铧式犁：翻转土壤的曲面铁板犁〔writhe〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to twist and turn in discomfort or suffering": 这些动词共有的中心意思为“在痛苦或不适中扭曲或翻转”： 〔inside〕With the inner surface turned out; reversed:把内里翻出来的；翻转的：〔voussoir〕past participle of Latin volvere [to turn, roll] * see wel- 2 拉丁语 volvere的过去分词 [翻转，滚动] * 参见 wel- 2〔strop〕from strephein [to turn] * see streb(h)- 源自 strephein [翻转] * 参见 streb(h)- 〔tump〕The verbtump, used almost invariably with over in the intransitive sense "to fall over"and the transitive sense "to overturn,”is in common use in the South.The editors of theDictionary of American Regional English have collected evidence of its use in Arkansas, Texas, and Kentucky; it is also common in Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia.This example supplied byDARE is typical: "When he brushed against the coffee table his Coke tumped over" (Little Rock, Arkansas, informant).But another citation, taken from Gregory Jaynes's parody of detective fiction, "In New York State: Who Poisoned the Pudding?” in the June 17, 1985, issue ofTime, indicates that tump may not be exclusively Southern: "At the end he tumps over into his rice pudding, poisoned. Whodunit?” As for its ultimate origin,tump is probably related to tumble as a separate development from the same Old English verbtumbian. 动词tump 几乎总是和 over 连用， 作不及物动词表示“倾倒，翻倒”，也可作及物动词表示“弄翻，翻转”，这个词在南部普遍使用。美国方言词典 的编辑们收集证据证明这个词用于阿肯色州、得克萨斯州和肯塔基州， 也普遍用于阿拉巴马州，田纳西州和佐治亚州。美国区域英语词典 中提供的这个例句很典型： “当他擦过咖啡桌时，他的可乐打翻了” （阿肯色州小石城，密告者）。但是从格里高利·杰恩斯的模仿侦探小说的作品《在纽约州：谁往布丁里下了毒?》（该作品刊登于1985年6月17日出版的时代 )中摘录的另一处引文却显示 tump 不一定只在南方使用： “最后，他跌倒在自己的稻米布丁中，被毒死了。谁干的?” 至于这个的词的最终来源，tump 可能与 tumble 有关， 它们分别从同一个古英语动词tumbian 发展而来 〔invert〕vertere [to turn] * see wer- 2vertere [翻转] * 参见 wer- 2〔pitchpole〕The raft pitchpoled in the rapids.木筏在急流中翻转 |
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