| 单词 | 老爷 |
| 释义 | 〔milord〕Used as a form of address for such a man.老爷，大人：用作对这种人的称呼〔lordling〕A lord regarded as immature or insignificant.小老爷：被认为不成熟或不重要的老爷〔Herr〕from Old High German hērro [lord, master] 源自 古高地德语 hērro [老爷，主人] 〔effendi〕Used as a title of respect for men in Turkey, equivalent tosir. 老爷：土耳其国家对男子的一种尊称，相当于先生 〔serendipity〕We are indebted to the English author Horace Walpole for coining the wordserendipity. In one of his 3,000 or more letters, on which his literary reputation primarily rests,and specifically in a letter of January 28, 1754,Walpole says that "this discovery, indeed, is almost of that kind which I call Serendipity, a very expressive word.”Perhaps the word itself came to him by serendipity.Walpole formed the word on an old name for Sri Lanka,Serendip. He explained that this name was part of the title of "a silly fairy tale, calledThe Three Princes of Serendip : as their highnesses traveled, they were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of . . . One of the most remarkable instances of thisaccidental sagacity ( for you must observe thatno discovery of a thing you are looking for, comes under this description) was of my Lord Shaftsbury [Anthony Ashley Cooper],who happening to dine at Lord Chancellor Clarendon's [Edward Hyde],found out the marriage of the Duke of York [later James II] and Mrs. Hyde [Anne Hyde, Clarendon's daughter], by the respect with which her mother [Frances Aylesbury Hyde] treated her at table.”我们非常感激英国作家霍勒斯·沃尔浦尔创造了单词serendipity。 他文学上的声誉主要依靠他的三千封或更多的信件中的一封，尤其是写于1754年一月二十八日的信中，沃尔浦尔说道“这一发现，实际上几乎是我称作意外发现珍奇事物的本领，一个非常有意味的词。”可能他得到这个单词也是靠意外发现珍奇事物的本领。沃尔浦尔创造这个词源自斯里兰卡的旧称Serendip 。 他解释说这个名字是“一个朴素的神话故事，称作The Three Princes of Serendip （斯里兰卡的三个王子）的童话”的名字的一部分： 当这些殿下旅行时，他们总是通过意外和精明地发现他们并没有寻求的东西…这种accidental sagacity（意外的聪慧） 的最著名的实例( 你必须注意到根据这种描述你没有 发现你 正在 寻找的东西） 是我的沙夫茨伯里老爷，偶然在钱塞勒·克拉伦登老爷处用餐时，发现了约克的杜克同海德夫人的婚事是根据她的母亲在吃饭款待她时发现的”〔lord〕To act like a lord; domineer. Often used with the indefiniteit : 逞威风：象个老爷一样行动；飞扬拔扈。通常与不定词it 连用： 〔Conrad〕Polish-born British novelist noted as a master of atmosphere and narrative technique. His works includeLord Jim (1900), Heart of Darkness (1902), and Nostromo (1904). 康拉德，约瑟夫：(1857-1924) 波兰裔英国小说家，一位擅长环境描写和叙事技巧的大师。他的作品包括《吉姆老爷》 （1900年）、 《黑暗的心》 （1902年）和 《诺斯罗姆》 （1904年） 〔dominate〕from dominus [lord] * see dem- 源自 dominus [老爷] * 参见 dem- 〔Dom〕from Latin dominus [lord, master] * see dem- 源自 拉丁语 dominus [老爷，主管] * 参见 dem- 〔domain〕both from dominus [lord] * see dem- 都源自 dominus [老爷] * 参见 dem- 〔Madame〕dame [lady] from Latin domina [feminine of] dominus [lord, master of a household] * see dem- dame [女士] 源自 拉丁语 domina dominus的阴性词 [老爷，一家之主] * 参见 dem- 〔lordly〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of a lord.老爷的：老爷的、与之相关的或以之为特征的〔lordship〕The position or authority of a lord.贵族身份与地位：老爷的地位或权威〔Dom〕Used formerly as a title for men of Portuguese and Brazilian royalty, aristocracy, and hierarchy, preceding the given name.老爷：用在教名前，旧时表示对葡萄牙和巴西皇室、贵族、宗教集团人物的尊称〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关〔lordship〕The territory belonging to a feudal lord.领地：封建社会中老爷所拥有的领地 |
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