| 单词 | 耶鲁 |
| 释义 | 〔fizzle〕In Philemon Holland's 1601 translation of Pliny'sNatural History, we are surprised by the use of the wordfizzle in the statement that if asses eat a certain plant,"they will fall a fizling and farting.” Fizzle was first used in English to mean,in the decorous parlance of theOxford English Dictionary, "to break wind without noise.” During the 19th centuryfizzle took on a related but more respectable sense, "to hiss, as does a piece of fireworks,”illustrated by a quotation from the November 7, 1881, issue of theLondon Daily News: "unambitious rockets which fizzle doggedly downwards.”In the same centuryfizzle also took on figurative senses, one of which seems to have been popular at Yale.TheYale Literary Magazine for 1849 helpfully defines the word as follows: “Fizzle, to rise with modest reluctance, to hesitate often, to decline finally; generally, to misunderstand the question.”The figurative sense offizzle that has caught on is the one with which we are most familiar today, "to fail or die out.”在腓利门荷兰1601年对普林尼的博物志 中， 我们对fizzle 一词的用法感到很惊讶， 它说如果驴吃了某种植物，“他们就会放屁。” Fizzle 首先在英语中指“无声地放屁，”是在牛津英语字典 的高雅用语中出现的。 在19世纪，fizzle 有了一个相关的但更文雅的含义， “发嘶嘶声，如同烟火那样，”这个词义是通过1881年11月7日的伦敦每日新闻 的引文说明的： “抱负不大的火箭，它们顽固地嘶嘶下坠。”同一世纪，fizzle 还赋与了比喻义， 其中的一个比喻义似乎在耶鲁大学很流行。1849年的耶鲁文学杂志 给这个词下了一个有益的定义： “Fizzle， 不十分情愿地上升，常犹豫不决，最终放弃； 通常是弄错问题。”人们已接受的fizzle 的比喻义， 即今天我们最为熟悉的“失败或消失”〔Cross〕American politician and educator who was editor of theYale Review (1911-1940) and governor of Connecticut (1931-1939). 克罗斯，威尔伯·卢西乌斯：(1862-1948) 美国政治家和教育家，他是《耶鲁评论》 的编辑(1911-1940年），又是康涅狄格州的州长(1931-1939年） 〔anticlimax〕"Waggish non-Yale men never seem weary of calling ‘for God, for Country and for Yale’ the outstanding single anticlimax in the English language"(Time)“爱开玩笑的非耶鲁人从不厌倦说‘为了上帝，为了国家，为了耶鲁’，这是英语中一个典型的突降法例子”(时代)〔Dwight〕American clergyman, author, and educator who was a leading supporter of Federalism and served as president of Yale University (1795-1817). His grandsonTimothy (1828-1916) was also president of Yale (1886-1899). 德怀特，提摩太：(1752-1817) 美国神职人员、作家和教育家，联邦制的主要支持者，曾任耶鲁大学校长(1795-1817年）。他的祖父德姆西 (1828-1916年）也曾担任过耶鲁校长(1886-1899年） 〔Yale〕Colonial-born English merchant and philanthropist who made a series of contributions to the Collegiate School in Connecticut, which was renamed in Yale's honor (1718).耶鲁，伊莱休：(1649-1721) 生于殖民地的英国商人和慈善家，曾向康涅狄格的学院做过一系列捐献，为纪念他更名为耶鲁 (1718年）. |
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