| 单词 | 职员 |
| 释义 | 〔intrapreneur〕The wordentrepreneur is more than 150 years old, having come into English from French in 1828.But it is not until very recently that we find its intracorporate counterpart,intrapreneur, meaning "a person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.”This coinage is generally attributed to management consultant Gifford Pinchot,author of the 1985 book entitledIntrapreneuring; others insist its true originator was Norman Macrae, deputy editor of theEconomist, although Macrae himself denies it.Still, whatever its exact source,in the scant number of years since its inception the termintrapreneur has gained currency very quickly. It has also given rise to various derivatives,such as the aforementioned gerundintrapreneuring, the noun intrapreneurship (as in a September 30, 1985, interview with Stephen Jobs inNewsweek : "The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship—only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going in essence back to the garage, but in a large company"),the adjectiveintrapreneurial, and another noun, intrapreneurialism ("what has become known as intrapreneurialism, where people within the corporation acquire more adventurous small business outlooks,” by Ian Hamilton-Fazy in "An Uneasy Co-existence,”Financial Times, October 23, 1984). Broad use of a word and the development of numerous derivatives are strong signals predicting staying power within the language.Intrapreneur and its spinoffs are of particular interest to etymologists and lexicographers because they illustrate the constant changes inherent in a living language.entrepreneur 一词已有150多年的历史， 于1828年从法语传入英语。但是直到最近我们才发现其在公司内部的对应人物intrapreneur ， 意为“对通过果断地承担风险和革新使想法变为有利可图的成品这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员”。这个新造的词普遍认为应归功于业务顾问吉福德·平肖，1985年出版的名为Intrapreneuring 一书的作者； 其他人坚持其真正的发明者是经济学家 杂志的副编辑诺曼·麦克里， 虽然麦克里本人否认这一点。然而，不管其准确的起源是什么，自它开始出现以来的短短几年中，intrapreneur 一词已很快流行开来。 它同样产生了多个衍生词，例如前面提到的动名词intrapreneuring ，名词 intrapreneurship （例如新闻周刊 于1985年9月30日斯蒂芬·乔布斯的采访中： “马金托什队通常地以出色的企业运作而闻名——仅仅是这个词条被发明的几年前——一群实质上是回到汽车房的人，而现在不过是大公司的汽车房罢了”），形容词intraprenurial 以及另一个名词 intrapreneurialim （以企业运作主义出名的地方，在那儿公司内部的职员获得更为冒险的商业前景”，伊恩·汉密尔顿一费茨的“不稳定的共存”，金融时报 1984年10月23日出版）。 一个词的广泛运用以及无数派生词的产生是预示语言内部持久力的强烈的信号。词源学家以及词典编纂者对intrpreneur 以及它的派生词产生了独特的兴趣， 因为它们说明现用语言所固有的持续不断的变化〔secretary〕An officer who keeps records, takes minutes of the meetings, and answers correspondence, as for a company.书记官：保管记录、为会议作纪录、回复信函的职员，如公司的秘书〔apothecary〕both from Late Latin [clerk] 都源自 后期拉丁语 [职员] 〔drawl〕"We-e-ell,” the clerk drawled.“这个嘛…”，职员拉长了调子说〔record〕The clerk recorded the votes.职员登录选票数〔clerical〕Of or relating to clerks or office workers or their work.办事员的，职员的，文书的：职员、办公室人员或其工作的，或与之相关的〔office〕The administrative personnel, executives, or staff working in such a place.办公室、事务所的职员：在办公室工作的行政人员、经理或职员〔clergy〕and from Old French clergé [body of clerks] from Late Latin clēricātus from clēricus [clerk, cleric] 并源自 古法语 clergé [一批职员] 源自 后期拉丁语 clēricātus 源自 clēricus [职员，宗教] 〔receptionist〕An office worker employed chiefly to receive visitors and answer the telephone.接待员：一种办公职员，主要被雇来接待来访者并接电话〔outplacement〕The process of facilitating a terminated employee's search for a new job by provision of professional services, such as counseling, paid for by the employing company.（解雇后）给…介绍新职业：通过提供专门性服务，如咨询，由雇佣公司发补贴，使被解雇的职员容易另谋新职的过程〔extern〕A person associated with but not officially residing in an institution, especially a nonresident physician on a hospital staff.不住院的医生：与一机构联合但不正式住在其中的人，尤指医院职员中不住院的内科医生〔clerkly〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of a clerk.职员的：职员的，与职员有关的或具有职员特征的〔cashier〕The officer of a bank or business concern in charge of paying and receiving money.出纳员：银行或企业内负责付款和收款的职员〔babu〕A Hindu clerk who is literate in English.懂英语的印度职员〔embassy〕A building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff.大使馆：住有大使与其职员的大楼〔dock〕The company docks its employees for unauthorized absences.公司因其职员无端缺勤而扣其工资〔official〕One who holds an office or a position, especially one who acts in a subordinate capacity for an institution such as a corporation or governmental agency.公务员，职员：一个供职的人，尤指在如公司或政府机构的下属机构工作的人〔deadhead〕To bypass a senior employee in order to promote a more junior employee.破格提拔：为了提升更多的低级职员而越过一些高级职员〔colleague〕A fellow member of a profession, a staff, or an academic faculty; an associate.See Synonyms at partner 同事：同行、职员或学院教工的同僚之一；同事 参见 partner〔timecard〕A card, either filled out by an employee or stamped by a time clock, recording the employee's starting and quitting times each work day.考勤卡：由雇员填写或由考勤钟盖章的记录职员每天上下班时间的卡〔vacation〕A period of time devoted to pleasure, rest, or relaxation, especially one with pay granted to an employee.休假，假期：专用于娱乐、休息或放松的时间，尤指职员的有薪度假〔planetarian〕A member of the professional staff of a planetarium.天文馆员：天文馆中的专业职员〔conduct〕knows how to manage a staff;管理职员的知识；〔suffer〕suffer a change in staff.See Synonyms at experience 经历职员的变换 参见 experience〔clerk〕A person who works in an office performing such tasks as keeping records, attending to correspondence, or filing.职员：在办公室工作的人员，从事诸如保管档案记录、保持通信联系或归档备案等工作〔sort〕The clerk is a decent sort.那位职员是正派的那一类人〔voucher〕a company that vouchers employees when the payroll cannot be met.公司在发不出工资时给职员一定的凭证〔service〕A department or branch of a hospital staff that provides specified patient care:科室：对患者进行特定治疗的医院职员的部门或分支：〔method〕"The common business of the nation . . . is carried on in a constant routine by the clerks of the different offices" (Tobias Smollett).“国家的平常事务…由不同部门的职员按一成不变的常规来处理” （托比阿斯·斯摩莱特）。〔draw〕draw clients from all levels of society.从社会各阶层吸收职员 |
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