| 单词 | 职责 |
| 释义 | 〔dialogue〕Critics have charged that the department was remiss in not trying to dialogue with representatives of the community before hiring the new officers. 在雇用新的官员之前，评论家们已指责该部门在与社会代表的对话中对自己的职责有疏忽 〔end〕in charge of the business end of the campaign.掌管竞选活动的业务职责〔deacon〕A Protestant layperson who assists the minister in various functions.会吏：以各种各样的职责帮助教区长的耶稣教徒的平信徒〔desert〕To forsake one's duty or post, especially to be absent without leave from the armed forces with no intention of returning.擅离职守：放弃职责或岗位，尤指从军队中开小差〔box〕An area of a public place, such as a courtroom or stadium, marked off and restricted for use by persons performing a specific function:专席：公共场所的一些席位，如在法庭或体育场中，被划分出来，专限给一些行使特殊职责的人使用：〔shall〕The sentenceYou shall have your money expresses a promise ("I will see that you get your money"), whereasYou will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as "the English of the English" (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom.In Americawill is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, andshall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed bymust or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow ("I intend to leave"); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction betweenshall and will, and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑 参见 should〔set〕To detail or assign (someone) to a particular duty, service, or station:指派：选派或分派（某人）至某一职务、职责或位置：〔powwow〕Because trances were so important to the Native American shaman as a means of getting in touch with spiritual forces beyond the ken of the normal person,the titlepowwaw, literally meaning "one who has visions,” was accorded him. One of the occurrences of this word in an early piece of propaganda designed to bring more settlers to New Englandrepresents fairly well the Puritan attitudes to the religion of the native inhabitants of the New World:"The office and dutie of the Powah is to be exercised principally in calling upon the Devil;and curing diseases of the sicke or wounded.”The word whose spelling was eventually settled in English aspowwow was also used as the name for ceremonies and councils, probably because of the important role played by the shaman in both.After the native peoples had been dealt withand the fear of devil worship was somewhat diminished,the newcomers decided that they could have powwows too,the first reference to one of these being recorded in the Salem, Massachusetts,Gazette of 1812: "The Warriors of the Democratic Tribe will hold a powwow at Agawam on Tuesday next.”The verbpowwow, "to confer,” was recorded even earlier, in 1780. 因为作为一种超出常人理解范围的与神灵联系的方式，催眠对于北美印第安人巫师来说是如此重要，故巫师被冠以字面意思为“有洞察力的人”的powwaw 这一名称。 这个词在早期为鼓励更多人去新英格兰定居而作的宣传中的出现，它很好地证明了清教徒们对于美洲大陆土著居民宗教的态度：“帕瓦仪式的职责与义务主要就是用来召唤魔鬼；治愈病人或伤者。”这个在英语中最后以powwow 的拼写形式固定下来的词也用作仪式及会议的名称， 这也许是因为巫师在两者中都起着重要作用。在与土著居民进行接触以后，随着对其魔鬼崇拜的恐惧逐渐消逝，那些新来者决定他们也可以举行帕瓦仪式，1812年马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的时事报 第一次提及了这种会议： “下星期二民主党派的斗士们将在阿加瓦姆召开会议”。动词意为“商讨”的powwow 则早在1780年就有记载了 〔piety〕from Latin pietās, pīetās [dutiful conduct] 源自 拉丁语 pietās, pīetās [职责性行为] 〔vicarage〕The duties or office of a vicar; a vicariate.牧师职位：牧师的职责或者职位；牧师职位〔thanage〕The rank, jurisdiction, or office of a thane.乡绅：乡绅的级别，管辖权或职责〔spiv〕One who shirks work or responsibility; a slacker.不务正业的人，偷懒者：逃避工作或职责的懒汉；偷懒者〔tie〕duties that tied him to the office.职责把他拴到了办公室里〔endeavor〕from (putten) in dever [(to put oneself) in duty, make it one's duty] 源自 (putten) in dever [（将自己）置于职责之中，使其担负某人职责] 〔caretaker〕One that temporarily performs the duties of an office:代理者临时履行某公职职责的人：〔task〕A piece of work assigned or done as part of one's duties.任务：被分派给某人作为其职责的一部分的工作或被作为某人职责的一部分来完成的工作〔trusteeship〕The position or function of a trustee.受托管理：授托人的职责或作用〔off〕Spent away from work or duty:休假的：在离开职责中度过：〔off〕Absent or away from work or duty:不上班或离开职责的：〔ministerial〕Of or relating to administrative and executive duties and functions of government.内阁的：政府的管理或执行的职责或功能的或与之有关的〔delinquent〕Failing to do what law or duty requires.失职的：未履行法律或职责所要求做到的〔mastership〕The office, function, or authority of a master.校长的身份：校长的职责、功能或权力〔endeavor〕To attempt (fulfillment of a responsibility or an obligation, for example) by employment or expenditure of effort:奋力，努力：通过运用或消耗努力而试图（例如履行一项职责或一份义务）：〔agentry〕The office or functions of an agent.代理人职责，代理人作用〔quit〕Absolved of a duty or an obligation; free.自由的：摆脱职责或义务的；自由的〔mashgiah〕An Orthodox rabbi, or a person appointed or approved by such a rabbi, whose responsibility is to prevent violations of Jewish dietary laws by inspection of slaughterhouses, meat markets, and restaurants where food assumed to be kosher is prepared for the public.马什该亚：正统犹太教的拉比或由正统犹太教拉比指定的人，其职责是检查符合犹太教规的清洁食物的屠场、肉市场以及饭店，以防出现违反犹太教饭食规定的现象〔ministry〕The duties, functions, or term of a governmental minister.一名政府部长的职责、功能或任期〔endeavor〕dever [duty] from Old French deveir, devoir [duty] * see devoir dever [职责，义务] 源自 古法语 deveir, devoir [职责] * 参见 devoir〔impious〕Lacking due respect or dutifulness:不孝的：缺乏应有的尊敬和职责的：〔part〕One's responsibility, duty, or obligation; share:职责，义务：某人的责任、职责或义务；份额：〔panel〕The complete list of persons summoned for jury duty.陪审员名单：被召集履行陪审职责的所有人的名单〔responsible〕Liable may refer to a legal obligation, as to pay damages, or to a responsibility to do something,as to perform jury duty, if called on: Liable 可指如赔偿损坏物等法律义务或指做某事的责任，如受召履行陪审员职责： 〔should〕Should is also used in all three persons to express duty or obligation (the equivalent of ought to ): Should用于这三种人称的表示职责和义务的句子中（相当于 ought to ）： 〔intendancy〕The position or function of an intendant.监督人员的职位或职责〔constitute〕To appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task; designate.指派：指定…担任职位、官阶、委派…执行职责或任务；指派〔responsibility〕Something for which one is responsible; a duty, an obligation, or a burden.责任：一个人应对之负责的事情；职责、义务或负担〔duty〕jury duty.See Synonyms at function 陪审员的职责 参见 function〔trespass〕Transgression of a moral or social law, code, or duty.违犯道德或社会法规；规范或职责〔fidelity〕"I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe any allegiance. . . . The Union, Sir, is my country" (Henry Clay).“我不知道什么东西南北，对这些我毫无职责可言…只有美国，先生，才是我的祖国” （亨利·克莱）。〔round〕Often rounds A course of customary or prescribed actions, duties, or places: 常作 rounds 兜圈巡视：活动、职责或地点等的习惯或规定的路线： |
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