| 单词 | 联合会 |
| 释义 | 〔undecided〕"Will this joint interview make up minds among the vast throng of undecideds?”(William Safire)“这次联合会见是否能让广大犹疑不定的选民作出决定呢?”(威廉·萨菲尔)〔WCTU〕Woman's Christian Temperance Union.基督教女子禁酒联合会〔Gompers〕British-born American labor leader who as president of the American Federation of Labor (1886-1924, except 1895) won higher wages, shorter hours, and greater freedom for union members.冈珀斯，塞缪尔：(1850-1924) 生于英国的美国劳工联合会会长（1886-1924年，1895年除外），为工会成员争取到了更高的工资，更短的工作时间和更大的自由〔Stone〕American feminist and social reformer who organized the first national women's rights convention, held in Worcester, Massachusetts (1850), and was a founder of the American Woman Suffrage Association (1869).斯通，露西：(1818-1893) 美国女权主义者和社会改革家，她组织了于马萨诸塞州的伍斯特举行的全美第一届妇女权利大会(1850年），是美国妇女选举联合会(1869年）的组建者〔Hillman〕Lithuanian-born American labor leader who was president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (1914-1946) and a founder of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1935).希尔曼，锡德尼：(1887-1946) 出生于立陶宛的美国劳工领袖曾任美国制衣工人联合会主席(1914年-1946年），还是产业工会联合会(1935年）的创始人之一〔Snead〕American golfer who won three Professional Golfers' Association championships (1942, 1949, and 1951) and three Masters tournaments (1949, 1952, and 1954).斯尼德，塞缪尔·杰克逊：(生于 1912) 美国高尔夫球运动员，三次获职业高尔夫球联合会比赛冠军(1942，1949和1951年），三次获甲组联赛冠军(1949，1952和1954年）〔Reuther〕American labor leader who was president of the United Auto Workers (1946-1970) and of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1952-1955).鲁瑟，沃尔特·菲利普：(1907-1970) 美国劳工领袖，汽车工人联合会(1946-1970年）和工业组织代表大会(1952-1955年）的主席〔CIO〕Congress of Industrial Organizations.产业工会联合会〔WFTU〕World Federation of Trade Unions.世界工会联合会〔ASCU〕Association of State Colleges and Universities.（美国）州立学院及大学联合会〔Green〕American labor leader who as president of the American Federation of Labor (1924-1952) led the struggle with the Congress of Industrial Organizations after the two unions split (1936).格林，威廉：(1873-1952) 美国劳工领导人。作为美国劳工联合会的主席（1924-1952年）， 在产业工会联合会分裂出劳联之后（1936年）他领导了与其的抗争〔hanse〕A medieval merchant guild or trade association.中世纪商业行会或行业联合会〔AAUW〕American Association of University Women.美国大学妇女联合会〔Shaw〕British-born American physician and reformer who was president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1904-1915).萧，安娜·霍华德：(1847-1919) 英国裔美国医生和改革家，是美国国家女权运动联合会(1904-1915年）的主席〔employee〕employee benefits; employee unions; employee relations.雇员利益；雇员联合会；雇员关系〔ICFTU〕International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.国际自由工会联合会〔Lewis〕American labor leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America (1920-1960) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1935-1940).刘易斯，约翰·卢埃林：(1880-1969) 美国劳工领袖，联合矿工工会主席(1920年至1960年），产业工会联合会主席(1935年至1940年）〔leadership〕met with the leadership of the nation's top unions.与这国家中最高联合会的领导们会晤〔UAW〕United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers.汽车、航空和农业器械联合会〔ILA〕International Longshoremen's Association.国际码头工人联合会〔AFL〕American Federation of Labor.美国劳工联合会〔Dubinsky〕Russian-born American labor leader who was president of the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (1932-1966).杜宾斯基，戴维：(1892-1982) 苏联裔美国劳工领袖，曾任国际女服工人联合会主席(1932-1966年）〔AAUP〕American Association of University Professors.美国大学教授联合会〔motley〕"Most Ivy League freshman classes are chosen from a motley collection of constituencies . . . and a bare majority of entering students can honestly be called scholars"(New York Times)See Synonyms at miscellaneous “常春藤联合会的大部分新成员选自于五花八门的候选人集合体…而且有过半数的新生简直可以被称作学者”(纽约时报) 参见 miscellaneous〔Friedan〕American feminist who wroteThe Feminine Mystique (1963) and founded the National Organization for Women (1966). 弗里丹，贝蒂·纳奥米：(生于 1921) 美国女权主义者，她写了《女性的奥秘》 （1963年）并建立了国家妇女联合会(1966年） 〔UMW〕United Mine Workers.美国矿工联合会〔IARU〕International Amateur Radio Union.国际业余无线电爱好者联合会〔federation〕A league or association formed by federating, especially a government or political body established through federal union.联邦政府，联合会：通过联盟组成的团体或组织，尤指通过联邦工会而建立的政府或政治团体〔AAU〕Amateur Athletic Union.业余体育联合会〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔AFT〕American Federation of Teachers.美国教师联合会〔syndicate〕An association of people or firms formed to engage in an enterprise or promote a common interest.私人联合会，财团：从事某一事业或促进共同的利益的个人联合会或公司的联合体〔Lombardi〕American football coach who led the Green Bay Packers to six conference titles and five league championships between 1961 and 1968.伦巴第，文森特·托马斯：(1913-1970) 美国橄榄球教练。1961年至1968年之间，他率领绿湾打包工队六次获得联合会头衔，五次夺得联赛冠军〔Young〕American diplomat and politician. Director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1964-1970), he later served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (1977-1979) and as mayor of Atlanta (1981-1989).扬，小安德鲁·杰克逊：(生于 1932) 美国外交家和政治家，曾任南方基督教领导联合会的会长(1964-1970年），后来任美国驻联合国大使(1977-1979年）和亚特兰大市长(1981-1989年）〔Hyde〕Irish nationalist and writer who founded the Gaelic League (1893) and was president of Ireland (1938-1945).海德，道格拉斯：(1860-1949) 爱尔兰民族主义者，作家，盖尔联合会的奠基人(1893年），爱尔兰总统(1938-1945年）〔Flynn〕American political radical. A founder of the American Civil Liberties Union, she joined the Communist Party of the United States (1937) and served as its national chairperson (1961-1964).弗林，伊丽莎白·格利：(1890-1964) 美国政治激进分子，她是美国公民解放联合会的创始人，于1937年加入美国共产党并任其全国主席(1961-1964年）〔ILGWU〕International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.国际妇女服装工人联合会〔Abel〕American labor leader who was president of the United Steelworkers of America (1965-1977).艾贝尔，约（尔威斯）·威（尔伯）：(1908-1987) 美国工党领袖，曾任美国钢铁工人联合会主席（1965-1977年）〔Bridges〕American labor leader. He organized the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) and served as its president for 40 years.布里奇斯，哈丽：(1901-1990) 美国劳工领导人。他组织了国际码头工人和仓库工人联合会(ILWU)，并任该组织的主席达40年〔CIAA〕Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association.中央大学间体育联合会 |
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