| 单词 | 航海家 |
| 释义 | 〔Cook〕British navigator and explorer who commanded three major voyages of discovery, charting and naming many islands of the Pacific Ocean. He also sailed along the coast of North America as far north as the Bering Strait.库克，詹姆斯：(1728-1779) 英国航海家和探险家，曾三次率领地理发现大航行，并为太平洋中许多岛屿绘图并命名，他还曾沿北美洲海岸向北航行直至白令海峡〔Parry〕British navigator who commanded three expeditions in search of the Northwest Passage (1819-1820, 1821-1823, and 1824-1825).帕里，威廉·爱德华：(1790-1855) 英国航海家，曾三次指挥远征队寻找西北航道(1819-1820，1821-1823，和1824-1825年）〔Davys〕English navigator who explored the Arctic while searching for the Northwest Passage and later sailed to the South Seas. He discovered the Falkland Islands in 1592.戴维斯，约翰：(1550?-1605) 英国航海家，在寻找西北航道时发现了北极，后来又航行到南海地区，他于1592年发现了福克兰群岛〔Hudson〕English navigator and explorer who discovered (1609) the Hudson River on an expedition for the East India Company.哈得孙，亨利：(卒于 1611) 英国航海家和探险家，1609年在为东印度公司进行的远征中发现了哈得孙河〔Ericson〕Norwegian navigator who, according to Norse sagas, was blown off course during a voyage from Norway to Greenland and thereby discovered and named Vinland.埃里克逊，莱弗：(1000年) 挪威航海家。据挪威传说，他在一次航行中被吹偏离了预定路线来到格陵兰岛，这样发现并命名该岛为威恩兰〔seafarer〕One who travels by sea.航海家：从海上旅行的人〔Raleigh〕English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he campaigned in Ireland and Cádiz, explored Guiana, colonized Virginia, and introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. His literary works include poetry, memoirs, and a world history.罗利，沃尔特：(1552?-1618) 英国大臣，航海家，殖民者，作家。他是伊丽莎白一世的宠臣，曾在爱尔兰和卡迪兹活动，考察了圭亚那，在弗吉尼亚州移民，把烟草和马铃薯传入欧洲。詹姆斯一世时被判为叛国罪，获释后又到圭亚那进行了一次远征，远征失败而被处死。他的文学著作包括诗歌、回忆录和世界历史〔Abruzzi〕Italian explorer and naval officer who made the first ascent of Mount St. Elias in Alaska (1897).阿布鲁齐：意大利探险家和航海家。是第一个登上阿拉斯加伊利亚斯山峰的人（1897年）〔gorilla〕Two traditions of exploration come together in the history of the wordgorilla, which also illustrates how knowledge of the classics has influenced scientific terminology.Dr. Thomas S. Savage, an American missionary to western Africa,first described the gorilla in 1847, giving it the New Latin nameTroglodytes gorilla. In doing so he was using his knowledge of Greek literature,in which there exists a fourth-centuryb.c. translation of a report written by Hanno, another visitor to western Africa. This Carthaginian navigator,who voyaged before 480b.c. , went as far as Sierra Leone in his explorations.In the Greek translation of his reporthe tells of seeingGorillai, the name of which he allegedly learned from local informantsand which he thought were members of a tribe of hairy women.In fact they were probably the same creatures that Thomas Savage described about 24 centuries later.在涉及到gorilla 这个词的历史时，传说中的两次探险可以联系在一起， 这同样也证明了古典文学对科学术语命名的影响。汤姆斯·S·萨维奇医生，到西非传教的美国传教士，在1847年第一次描述了大猩猩并给它起了个新拉丁语名字Troglodytes gorilla 。 在命名时他就用了希腊文学知识，这个命名也同样出现在一本公元前 4世纪安诺写的见闻译本里，安诺也到过西非。 这位迦太基航海家，公元前 480年之前开始出航， 在他的探险过程中，最远到达过塞拉利昂。在他写见闻的希腊译本里，他说他见到了Gorillai ， 据他自己声称他是从当地向导那儿学到这个名字的，并认为它是指多毛女人部落的成员。实际上他们可能是大约24世纪以后汤姆斯·萨奇所描述的同样的动物〔Cavendish〕English navigator and freebooter who died while attempting his third voyage around the world.凯文迪什，托马斯：(1555?-1592) 英国航海家和冒险家，在准备他的第三次环球航行时去世〔Magellan〕Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.麦哲伦，费迪南德：(1480?-1521) 葡萄牙航海家。在试图找到一条向西通向摩鹿加群岛的航线时(1519年），麦哲伦和他的远征船队被风暴吹到了现在以他的名字命名的海峡(1520年）。他给太平洋命了名并且穿越了太平洋，到达马里亚纳群岛和菲律宾群岛(1521年），在那里在替一位友好的土著国王作战时被杀害。他船队中只有一条船回到了西班牙(1522年），从而完成了第一次环球航行〔Dampier〕English buccaneer and navigator who described his circumnavigation of the globe inA New Voyage Round the World (1697) and later explored the South Seas. 丹皮尔，威廉：(1652-1715) 英国海盗、航海家，在《环游世界的一次新航行》 （1697年）中描述了他的环球海上航行，后来到南太平洋探险 〔Dias〕Portuguese navigator who was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope. Because of storms he did not actually sight it until the return leg of his voyage (May 1488).戴斯，巴托洛米欧：(1450?-1500) 第一个绕过好望角的葡萄牙航海家。由于暴风雨，他实际上没有看到好望角，直到返回的那段航程，他才看到（1488年5月）〔Tasman〕Dutch navigator and explorer who was the first European to discover Tasmania and New Zealand (1642).塔斯曼，艾贝尔·扬斯隆：(1603?-1659) 荷兰航海家和探险家，是发现塔斯马尼亚岛和新西兰(1642年）的第一位欧洲人〔Bering〕Danish navigator and explorer who in 1728 sailed through the Bering Strait, proving (though he did not realize it at the time) that Asia and North America are separate continents.白令，维图斯：(1681-1741) 丹麦航海家、探险家，1728年驾船穿越白令海峡，证明（尽管他当时不知道）亚洲和北美洲是两片分开的大陆〔Connecticut〕A state of the northeast United States. It was admitted as one of the original Thirteen Colonies in 1788. Connecticut's coastline was first explored by Dutch navigators after 1614, and in 1635 colonists from Massachusetts Bay began to settle in the Connecticut River valley. The Fundamental Orders, a constitution based on the consent of the governed, was adopted by the colony in 1639. Hartford is the capital and Bridgeport the largest city. Population, 3,295,669.康涅狄格州：美国东北部一州。1788年它被接受为美国最初的十三个独立殖民地之一。1614年后，荷兰的航海家最先到达康涅狄格的海岸线，1635年来自马萨诸塞湾的殖民者开始在康涅狄格河谷定居。在统治政府的同意下，一部基本法-宪法于1639年开始实行。哈特福德是其首都，布里奇波特为最大城市。人口3,295,669〔Drake〕English naval hero and explorer who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world (1577-1580) and was vice admiral of the fleet that destroyed the Spanish Armada (1588).德雷克，弗朗西斯：(1540?-1596) 英国海军英雄和航海家，是第一个环球航行的英国人（1577-1580年），曾任舰队副司令击败西班牙无敌舰队（1588年）〔Vancouver〕British navigator who led an expedition to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and the Hawaiian Islands (1791-1792) and to the Pacific coast of North America (1792-1794), where he circumnavigated Vancouver Island.温哥华，乔治：(1757-1798) 英国航海家，率考察队到达了澳大利亚海岸，新西兰和夏威夷群岛(1791-1792年）并到达北美洲太平洋沿岸(1792-1794年），并环绕温哥华岛航行〔Phoenicia〕An ancient maritime country of southwest Asia consisting of city-states along the eastern Mediterranean Sea in present-day Syria and Lebanon. Its people became the foremost navigators and traders of the Mediterranean by 1250b.c. and established numerous colonies, including Carthage in northern Africa. The Phoenicians traveled to the edges of the known world at the time and introduced their alphabet, based on symbols for sounds rather than cuneiform or hieroglyphic representations, to the Greeks and other early peoples. Phoenicia's culture was gradually absorbed by Persian and later Hellenistic civilizations. 腓尼基：亚洲西南部的一个古代海边国家，由地中海东部沿岸的城邦组成，位于今叙利亚和黎巴嫩境内。直到公元前 1250年，腓尼基人一直是地中海地区最闻名的航海家和商人，并建立了许多殖民地，包括北非的迦太基。腓尼基人到过当时所知的世界边缘，他们把基于声音符号而不是楔形或象形文字的字母表，介绍给希腊人和其他早期民族。腓尼基文化逐步地被波斯文化和后来的古希腊文化所吸收 〔Vespucci〕Italian navigator and explorer of the South American coast. America was named in his honor.韦斯浦奇，阿梅莉格：(1454-1512) 意大利航海家和南美海岸的开拓者，美国就是以他的名字命名的，用来赞美他的功绩〔Honolulu〕The capital and largest city of Hawaii, on the southeast coast of Oahu. Honolulu's harbor was first entered in 1794 by a British navigator. Settlement of the area began in 1816, and the city soon gained prominence as a whaling and sandalwood port. Today it is a major tourist center. Population, 365,272.檀香山，火奴鲁鲁：夏威夷首都和最大的城市，位于瓦胡岛东南沿海。1794年一个英国航海家首次进入火奴鲁鲁。1816年起开始有人定居，不久该城便成为著名的捕鲸和檀香木的港口。现今是一个重要的旅游中心。人口365,272 |
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