| 单词 | 荷兰 |
| 释义 | 〔olicook〕Originally brought to the Hudson Valley of New York by settlers from the Netherlands, a few items of Dutch vocabulary have survived there from colonial times until the present.The wordolicook, meaning "doughnut,” comes from Dutcholiekoek —literally, "oil cake.” And the Dutch wordkill for a small running stream is used throughout New York State. Stoop, "a small porch,” comes from Dutchstoep; this word is now in general use in the Northeast and beyond.开始是由荷兰裔的定居者将荷兰语的一些词汇带到纽约州的哈得逊河流域，而这些词从殖民时代一直到现在一直被使用。单词olicook 的意思是“炸面圈”， 它源于荷兰语的oliekoek ——字面意思是油炸饼。 而在荷兰语中指一条流动的小溪的词kill ，在美国纽约州广泛使用。 stoop 即“小火把”， 源自荷兰语stoep 。 这个词在美国东北及以外地区被广泛使用。〔Leiden〕A city of southwest Netherlands northeast of The Hague. Dating from Roman times, Leiden has had an important textile industry since the 16th century. Its university, founded in 1575, was a noted center for the study of theology, science, and medicine in the 17th and 18th centuries. Population, 104,261.莱顿：荷兰西南部一城市，位于海牙的东北。从古罗马时代算起，莱顿从16世纪以来就已经拥有重要的纺织工业。莱顿大学建于1575年，在17和18世纪曾是著名的神学、科学和医药学的研究中心。人口104,261〔trek〕Fans ofStar Trek and others may be interested to know that the wordtrek originally had to do with a slow journey by a very different mode of transportation, a wagon drawn by oxen. Trek was borrowed into English in South Africa, where the word was used by speakers of Afrikaans for a journey by ox wagon.The British, who at the turn of the century were to seize control of South Africa from the descendants of the original Dutch settlers,borrowed the wordtrek during the 19th century. Trek is recorded earliest in 1822 in the compound trektow, "a rope joining the wagon pole and the yoke to which oxen were fastened.”Trek in this compound is either the noun or the stem of the corresponding verb in Afrikaans, trekken. The earliest recorded use of the noun by itself is found in 1849,where it means "a stage in a journey by ox wagon.”The word has long since migrated from South African into general English—and into space travel.电影星际旅行 的影迷们和其他人可能很有趣知道： trek 这个词原来与一种非常与众不同的运输方式，即用牛拉马车所进行的一种很慢的旅行有关。 Trek 这个词在南非被借入英语， 在南非讲南非荷兰语的人用来指用牛车所进行的旅行。英国人在19世纪和20世纪之交从荷兰拓居者的后裔那里夺取了对南非的控制权，他们在19世纪借用了trek 这个词。 Trek 的最早记录在1822年出现于复合词 trektow 中， 其意指“连接车辕和系牛车轭的绳子”。Trek 在这个复合词中既作名词又作为其在南非荷兰语的对应动词 trekken 的词干。 这个词最早作为名词使用的记载是在1849年，那时这个词的意思是“一段用牛车进行的旅程”。这个词很早就从南非迁移到了一般的英语中，并且进入了星际旅行之中〔Hobbema〕Dutch landscape painter known for a number of works, includingThe Hermitage, St. Petersburg (1663). 霍贝玛，迈恩迪特：(1638-1709) 荷兰风景画家，著名作品有《圣彼得堡修道院》 （1663年） 〔Hilversum〕A city of central Netherlands southeast of Amsterdam. It is a manufacturing and broadcasting center. Population, 88,417.希佛萨姆：荷兰中部的一个城市，位于阿姆斯特丹的东南方，制造业和广播中心，人口88,417〔Galle〕A city of southern Sri Lanka on the Indian Ocean. It was a trade center for the Chinese and Arabs by 100b.c. and later flourished as a Portuguese and Dutch port. Population, 77,183. 加勒：位于斯里兰卡南部濒临印度洋的一座城市，在公元前 100年时是中国和阿拉伯的贸易中心，后来发展成为葡萄牙和荷兰的港口。人口77,183 〔distelfink〕A traditional Pennsylvania Dutch folk art motif of a bird or birds symbolizing good luck and happiness.狄斯特芬克风俗：美国宾夕法尼亚州荷兰裔风俗，以鸟或鸟群为艺术主题来象征好运与喜悦〔Leeuwarden〕A city of northern Netherlands northeast of the Ijsselmeer. Chartered in 1435, it was noted for its manufacture of gold and silver articles from the 16th to the 18th century. Population, 85,435.陆瓦尔登：荷兰北部的一个城市，位于艾瑟尔湖东北。1435年被租赁，16世纪到18世纪期间以其金器和银器的制造而闻名。人口85,435〔galiot〕A light, single-masted, flat-bottomed Dutch merchant ship.荷兰小商船：轻的、单桅的、平底的荷兰商船〔stadholder〕The chief magistrate of the former Netherlands republic.前荷兰共和国的行政长官〔Brabant〕A region and former duchy of the Netherlands. It became an independent duchy in 1190 and is now divided between the southern Netherlands and north-central Belgium.布拉班特：荷兰一地区和原公爵领地。于1190年成为独立的公爵领地，现在分为荷兰南部和比利时中北部两块区域〔lindane〕After Teunis van der Linden , 20th-century Dutch chemist 源自托尼思·万·德 Linden ，20世纪荷兰化学家 〔Utrecht〕A city of central Netherlands south-southeast of Amsterdam. Dating to pre-Roman times, it was an important textile and commercial center during the Middle Ages. The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713). Population, 230,414.乌得勒支：荷兰中部的城市，在阿姆斯特丹的东南偏南方向。在罗马人入侵之前的中世纪这里是重要的纺织业和商业中心，“乌得勒支协约”结束了西班牙继承权之战(1701-1713年）。人口230,414〔Friesland〕A region of northern Europe on the North Sea between the Scheldt and Weser rivers. The Frisians, a Germanic people, were conquered by the Franks in the eighth century. A portion of the area is now a province of the northern Netherlands.弗里斯兰：北海岸边、威悉河与斯海尔德河之间的北欧地区。8世纪弗里西亚人征服了居住在此的日耳曼人的一支弗兰西斯人。此地区的一部分现为荷兰北部的一个省〔Texel〕An island of northwest Netherlands in the North Sea in the southwest Frisian Islands. It is the largest of the West Frisian Islands and a popular resort area.太克斯：荷兰西北一岛屿，位于弗里西群岛西南的北海。该岛是西弗里西群岛中最大岛屿，并是一个深受欢迎的休假地〔Meuse〕A river of western Europe flowing about 901 km (560 mi) from northeast France through southern Belgium and the southeast Netherlands to the North Sea. Its valley was the scene of severe fighting during World Wars I and II.默兹河：西欧的一条河流，长901公里(560英里），源自法国东北部，流经比利时南部，在荷兰东南部注入北海，在两次世界大战期间此流域是激烈的战场〔Tinbergen〕Dutch economist. He shared a 1969 Nobel Prize for the application of mathematics and statistical methods to economics. His brotherNikolaas (born 1907), a Dutch-born British ethologist, shared a 1973 Nobel Prize for studies of individual and social behavior patterns. 延伯根，简：(生于 1903) 荷兰经济学家，他因用数学和统计学方法研究经济学而与人分享1969年的诺贝尔奖，他的弟弟尼古拉斯 （出生于1907年），荷裔英国人种学家，因其对个人和社会行为模式的研究而于1973年与人分享诺贝尔奖 〔Panofsky〕German-born American art historian whose works includeStudies in Iconology (1939) and Early Netherlandish Painting (1953). 帕诺夫斯基，埃尔文：(1892-1968) 德裔美国艺术历史学家，他的作品包括《象征主义研究》 （1939年）和 《早期荷兰油画》 （1953年） 〔Eindhoven〕A city of southern Netherlands southeast of Rotterdam. Chartered in 1232, it was a major Allied objective in World War II. Population, 192,854.艾恩德霍芬：荷兰南部的一座城市，位于鹿特丹东南，在地图上开始标名于1232年。 在第二次世界大战期间是盟军攻击的主要目标。人口192,854〔sylvite〕probably after Franz de la Boë, or Franciscus Sylvius (1614-1672), German-born Dutch physician 可能源自弗朗兹·德·拉·博埃或弗朗西斯库斯 西尔维于斯 （1614-1672年），德裔荷兰医生 〔Lorentz〕Dutch physicist. He shared a 1902 Nobel Prize for researching the influence of magnetism on radiation.洛伦茨，亨德里克：(1853-1928) 荷兰物理学家。因在磁性对放射的影响方面的研究而获1902年诺贝尔奖〔sprinkle〕[perhaps of Middle Dutch or Middle Low German origin] [可能源于荷兰中部或德国中北部地区的] 〔remonstrant〕Remonstrant One of the Dutch Arminians who, in 1610, formally stated the grounds of their dissent from strict Calvinism. Remonstrant 在1610年正式声明他们放弃严格的加尔文主义的荷兰阿明尼乌派成员〔Huizinga〕Dutch historian known for his writing on the late Middle Ages, especiallyThe Waning of the Middle Ages (1919). 赫伊津哈，约翰：(1872-1945) 荷兰历史学家，以其关于中世纪晚期的著作闻名，尤其是《中世纪的衰落》 （1919年） 〔Grotius〕Dutch jurist, politician, and theologian whose major work,Of the Law of War and Peace (1625), is considered the first comprehensive treatise on international law. 格劳秀斯，雨果：(1583-1645) 荷兰法官、政治家及神学家，其主要著作《战争与和平法》 （1625年）被认为是有关国际法的第一部综合性论著 〔Maas〕A section of the Meuse River flowing westward through the southern Netherlands to a joint delta with the Rhine River.马斯河：默兹河的一部分，向西流经荷兰南郊与莱茵河相汇而形成一片冲积三角洲〔Nassau〕also [näʹsou'] A region and former duchy of central Germany north and east of the Main and Rhine rivers. The region became a duchy in 1806 and was absorbed by Prussia in 1866. Members of the original dynasty subsequently ruled Luxembourg and the Netherlands (as the house of Orange). 也作 [näʹsou'] 拿骚：德国中部一地区和前公国，位于美因河和莱茵河的北部和东部。该地区在1806年成为公国并于1866年被普鲁士吞并。原先的王朝成员相继统治了卢森堡和荷兰（作为奥兰治的王室）〔Groote〕Dutch religious reformer who criticized the worldliness of the clergy and espoused a life of prayer and learning.格鲁特，格哈得：(1340-1384) 荷兰宗教改革者。他批评神职人员的世俗化，提倡一种祈祷和学习的生活〔Spinoza〕Dutch philosopher and theologian whose controversial pantheistic doctrine advocated an intellectual love of God. His best-known work isEthics (1677). 斯宾诺莎，布鲁克：(1632-1677) 荷兰哲学家及神学家，他的颇有争议的泛神论主义在知识分子中引发了对上帝的热爱之情。他最为著名的著作为《伦理学》 （1671年） 〔Zeist〕A city of central Netherlands east of Utrecht. It is largely residential. Population, 60,478.宰斯特：荷兰中部一城市，位于乌得勒支东部，它是一个很大的居民区，人口60,478〔Erasmus〕Dutch Renaissance scholar and Roman Catholic theologian who sought to revive classical texts from antiquity, restore simple Christian faith based on Scripture, and eradicate the improprieties of the medieval Church. His works includeThe Manual of the Christian Knight (1503) and The Praise of Folly (1509). 伊拉斯默斯，狄赛德留斯：(1466?-1536) 荷兰文艺复兴时期学者，罗马天主教神学家，他试图使古代的古典经文复兴，恢复基于《圣经》的朴素的基督教信仰，消除中世纪教的一些不当行为，他的作品包括《基督教骑士手册》 （1503年）和 《愚人颂》 （1509年） 〔earthenware〕Pottery made from a porous clay that is fired at relatively low temperatures. Faience, delft, and majolica are examples of earthenware.陶器总称：用有孔的黏土在较低火温下烧制成的器皿。一般包括上彩釉的陶器、荷兰白釉蓝彩陶器和文艺复兴时期意大利出产的花饰陶器〔Dubois〕Dutch anatomist and paleontologist who in Java discovered in 1891 the skull and thigh bone of a hominid,Homo erectus, that came to be called "Java man.” 札布瓦，尤金：(1858-1940) 荷兰解剖学家与古生物学家，1891年在爪哇发现人科动物直立猿人 的颅骨与大腿骨，此后该直立猿人被称为“爪哇人” 〔Flanders〕A historical region of northwest Europe including parts of northern France, western Belgium, and southwest Netherlands along the North Sea. For many centuries it enjoyed virtual independence and great prosperity as a center of the cloth industry. The Hapsburg wars in the Low Countries caused the eventual division of the region, which suffered heavy damage during both World Wars.佛兰德：欧洲西北部一块历史上有名的地区，包括法国北部的部分地区、比利时西部地区和北海沿岸荷兰西南部的部分地带。几个世纪以来，作为一个服装业中心，它一直享有实际的独立权并且十分繁荣。低地国家的哈布斯堡战争导致了这一地区的最终分裂，并在两次世界大战中都遭受严重损失〔Orange〕Princely family of Europe ruling continously in the Netherlands since 1815. The name was first used for a former principality of southeast France that passed to the house of Nassau in 1530.奥兰治王室的：自1815年以来一直统治荷兰的欧洲王室家族。这一名称最先为法国东南部的一个公国所使用，该公国于1530年并入拿骚王室〔Alva〕Spanish general and colonial administrator of the Netherlands (1567-1573).阿尔瓦：西班牙将军和荷兰殖民地的行政官（1567－1573年）〔cent〕A unit of currency in Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Dominica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Kiribati, Liberia, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United States, and Zimbabwe. See table at currency 分：一种用于以下国家的货币单位,澳大利亚、巴哈马、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、文莱、加拿大、开曼群岛、塞浦路斯、多米尼加、埃塞俄比亚、斐济、格林纳达、盖亚纳、牙买加、肯尼亚、利比里亚、基里巴斯、马耳他、毛里求斯、纳米比亚、瑙鲁、荷兰、荷属安的列斯群岛、新西兰、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、塞舌尔、塞拉利昂、新加坡、所罗门群岛、索马里、南非、斯里兰卡、苏里南、斯威士兰、坦桑尼亚、特立尼达和多巴哥、图瓦卢、乌干达、美国和津巴布韦 参见 currency〔willemite〕after Willem I (1772-1843), king of the Netherlands 源自 威廉 一世（1772-1843年），荷兰国王 〔Dutch〕The official West Germanic language of the Netherlands.荷兰语：荷兰官方用的西部德语〔flyboat〕Vlie [a channel off the island of Vlieland in the northern Netherlands] 弗利 [荷兰北部弗利兰岛外的一个海峡] |
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