单词 | 荷兰人 |
释义 | 〔Java〕An island of Indonesia separated from Borneo by theJava Sea, an arm of the western Pacific Ocean. Center of an early Hindu-Javanese civilization, Java was converted to Islam before the arrival of the Europeans (mainly the Dutch) in the late 16th century. 爪哇:印度尼西亚的一个岛屿,被大西洋西部的爪哇海 从婆罗洲分开。它是早期印度-爪哇文化的中心,后来改信伊斯兰教,直到16世纪晚期欧洲人(主要是荷兰人)到来 〔Hartford〕The capital of Connecticut, in the north-central part of the state on the Connecticut River. Settled 1635-1636 by Massachusetts colonists on the site of a Dutch trading post, it became the nucleus of the Connecticut Colony in 1639. From 1701 to 1875 it was joint capital with New Haven. Population, 139,739.哈特福德:美国康涅狄格州首府,位于该州北部中心地带的康涅狄格河畔,该市于1635-1636年间由马萨诸塞殖民者在荷兰人贸易地点建立起来,后于1639年成为康涅狄格殖民地的中心,从1701年到1875年同纽黑文市联合成为该州首府。人口139,739〔Moluccas〕A group of islands of eastern Indonesia between Celebes and New Guinea. Discovered in the early 16th century, the islands were settled by the Portuguese but taken in the 17th century by the Dutch, who used them as the basis for their monopoly of the spice trade.摩鹿加群岛,香料群岛:印度尼西亚东部、西里伯岛和新几内亚岛之间的一组群岛。发现于16世纪初期,葡萄牙人最早定居于此,但在17世纪被荷兰人攻占,并把群岛作为他们垄断香料贸易的基地〔Wappinger〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the east bank of the Hudson River from Poughkeepsie to Manhattan and closely related to the Munsee-speaking peoples. The Wappinger dispersed to other Native American groups after warfare with the Dutch in the mid-17th century.瓦平格尔族:美国土著族之一,早先居住于从波基普西到曼哈顿的哈得孙河东岸,与说蒙西语的民族有密切联系。瓦平格尔人在17世纪中期与荷兰人交战之后分散到美国其它土著居民群落中〔Dutchman〕A man who is a native or inhabitant of the Netherlands.荷兰人:荷兰的土著人或其居民〔Dumont〕A borough of northeast New Jersey, a residential suburb of Hackensack. It was settled by the Dutch in 1677. Population, 17,187.杜蒙:美国新泽西东北部县区,是海克思塞克的居住郊区,荷兰人1677年在此建立殖民地,人口17,187〔Wilmington〕A city of northeast Delaware on the Delaware River southwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded as Fort Christina by Swedish settlers in 1638 and held by the Dutch from 1655 until 1664, when it was taken by the English. The name Wilmington dates from 1739. E.I. Du Pont established a powder mill nearby in 1802. The city is now a port of entry and manufacturing center with an extensive chemical industry. It is also the largest city in the state. Population, 71,529.威尔明顿:美国特拉华东北部城市,位于宾夕法尼亚州费城西南、特拉华河上。1638年瑞典开拓者建立它作为基督教据点,从1655年到1664年一直由荷兰人占据,1664年由英国占领。威尔明顿这个名字可追溯到1739年。E.I杜邦1802年在附近建了一个炸药厂。这个城市现在是进口港和一个拥有雄厚的化学工业的制造中心,也是特拉华州的最大城市。人口71,529〔Flores〕An island of eastern Indonesia in the Lesser Sundas on theFlores Sea, between the eastern end of the Java Sea and the western end of the Banda Sea south of Sulawesi. The island came under Dutch influence in the 17th century, although the Portuguese held the eastern end until 1851. 弗洛里斯:印度尼西亚东部一座岛屿,是弗洛里斯海 小巽他群岛之中的一座岛屿,位于爪哇海东端和苏拉威西海南面的班达海西端之间。尽管葡萄牙人直到1851年还占领着该岛的东端,但在17世纪该岛就已经在荷兰人势力的影响之下了 〔Georgetown〕The capital and largest city of Guyana, in the northern part of the country on the Atlantic Ocean. Founded by the British in 1781, it was called Stabroek while it was controlled by the Dutch and was renamed Georgetown in 1812. Population, 78,500.乔治敦:盖亚纳的首都及最大城市,位于该国的北部,临大西洋。由英国人于1781年建立,在荷兰人统治期间叫作斯塔布鲁克,后于1812年易名乔治敦。人口78,500〔Poughkeepsie〕A city of southeast New York on the Hudson River north of New York City. Settled by the Dutch in 1687, Poughkeepsie is the seat of Vassar College (chartered 1861). Population, 28,844.波基普西:美国纽约州东南部城市,临哈得孙河,位于纽约市以北。1687年荷兰人开始在此定居。波基普西是瓦萨尔学院(成立于1861年)的所在地。人口28,844〔Dutch〕The Pennsylvania Dutch.宾夕法尼亚州荷兰人〔Sumatra〕An island of western Indonesia in the Indian Ocean south of the Malay Peninsula. Visited by Marco Polo c. 1292, the island came under Dutch control in the 17th century although the English continued to press territorial claims. Sumatra joined newly independent Indonesia in 1949.苏门答腊岛:印度尼西亚西部一岛屿,位于马来半岛南部、印度洋沿岸。 马可波罗于1292年游访过该岛,17世纪荷兰人控制了该岛,尽管英国人继续宣称是它的领土,但在1949年苏门答腊岛就加入了独立不久的印度尼西亚〔punkie〕[Of North American Dutch origin] [源于于北美荷兰人] 〔Hasselt〕A city of northeast Belgium east of Brussels. Chartered in 1232, it was the site of a Dutch defeat of Belgian nationalists in 1831. Population, 65,437.哈塞尔特:比利时东北部一城市,位于布鲁塞尔东部。1232年被特许自治,它是1831年荷兰人击败比利时民族主义者的地方。人口65,437〔Olinda〕A city of northeastern Brazil, a suburb of Recife on the Atlantic Ocean. It was founded in 1537 as a colonial capital and held by the Dutch from 1630 to 1654. Population, 266,751.奥林达:巴西东北部的一个城市,位于临大西洋的雷西非的郊区。该城于1537年做为殖民地首府而建立,而且从1630年至1654年曾由荷兰人占领。人口266,751〔Lombok〕An island of south-central Indonesia in the Lesser Sundas Islands east of Bali, from which it is separated by theLombok Strait. The island was first visited by the Dutch in 1674. 龙目岛:印度尼西亚中南部一岛屿,位于巴厘岛东部努沙登加拉群岛。隔龙目海峡 与巴厘岛相望。1674年荷兰人最早来到这个岛 〔Garfield〕A city of northeast New Jersey on the Passaic River southeast of Paterson. It was settled by the Dutch in 1679. Population, 26,727.加菲尔德:新泽西州东北部的一城市,位于帕塞伊克河上,帕特森河东南部。它于1679年被荷兰人占领。人口26,727〔Manado〕A town of northeast Celebes, Indonesia. Established by the Dutch in 1657, it is a major seaport. Population, 217,159.万鸦老:印度尼西亚西里伯岛东北一城镇。1657年由荷兰人建成是一个重要的港口。人口217,159〔Ternate〕An island of eastern Indonesia in the northern Moluccas west of northeast Celebes. Settled by the Portuguese (1521-1574), it was subjugated by the Dutch in 1683.特尔纳特岛:印度尼西亚东部一岛屿,位于西里伯岛东北以西、摩鹿加群岛北部的岛屿。开始为葡萄牙所占领(1521-1574年),1683年被荷兰人征服〔Cochin〕A region and former princely state of southwest India on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea. The city ofCochin was visited by Vasco da Gama in 1502 and colonized by the Portuguese in the following year. It was taken by the Dutch in 1663 and occupied by the British in 1795. Population, 513,249. 柯钦:印度西南的一个区域和前王侯统治的州,在阿拉伯海的马拉巴尔海岸。柯钦 城于1502年由沃斯克·达·伽马访问,次年沦为葡萄牙人的殖民地,1663年由荷兰人取代,1795年英国人占领。人口513,249 〔Delaware〕Abbr. DE,Del.A state of the eastern United States on the Atlantic Ocean. It was admitted as the first of the original Thirteen Colonies in 1787. Settled by the Dutch in 1631 and by Swedes in 1638, the region passed to England in 1664. It was part of William Penn's Pennsylvania grant from 1682 until 1776. Dover is the capital and Wilmington the largest city. Population, 668,696.缩写 DE,Del.特拉华州:美国东部一州,临大西洋。1787年成为最早的13个殖民地中的第一个殖民地。1631年和1638年荷兰人和瑞典人分别在此殖民,1664年该地区被转让给英国。从1682年至1776年,该地区一直是威廉·佩恩的宾夕法尼亚州授与地的一部分。多佛为该州首府,威明顿为该州最大的城市。人口668,696〔Tarrytown〕A village of southeast New York on the Hudson River north of New York City. Founded by the Dutch in the 17th century, it was the home of Washington Irving and the setting for many of his short stories. Population, 10,648.塔利顿:美国纽约州东南部一村庄,位于哈得孙河沿岸,纽约城北。由荷兰人在17世纪建立,是华盛顿·欧文的故乡,同时也是他的许多短篇小说的背景。人口10,648〔bumpkin〕The termbumpkin may at one time have been directed at an entire people rather than that segment of the population living in a rural area. The first recorded appearance of the word in 1570 is glossed by the Latin wordBatavus, "Dutchman,” thus making plausible the suggestion thatbumpkin may come from either the Middle Dutch word bommekijn, "little barrel,” or the Flemish word boomken, "shrub.” The connection would be between a squat object and the short, rotund figure of the Dutchman in the popular imagination.Any bumpkin would surely prefer this etymology to another suggestion thatbumpkin is a derivative of bum, "the rear end.” 单词bumpkin 有一个时期意指住在乡下的所有人而不是其中的一部分, 这个词于1570年第一次出现是用拉丁词Batavus “荷兰人”注解的。 使得下面这个解释似乎是说得通的,即bumpkin 有可能起源于中古荷兰词语 bommekijn “小圆桶”的意思,或起源于法兰德斯语 boomken “灌木”的意思。 这两者之间的联系在一般的想象中就如同一个矮胖的物体同圆胖的荷兰人间的关系。而任何一个乡下人都确信无疑这个词源有另一个解释,即bumphin 是从 bum 演变而来的,该词的意思是“尾部末梢” 〔Dutchman〕A man of Dutch ancestry.荷兰血统人:祖先为荷兰人的人〔Wilhelmina〕Queen of the Netherlands (1890-1948) who sought refuge in England during World War II but continued to encourage the Dutch resistance. In 1948 she abdicated in favor of her daughter Juliana.威廉敏娜:荷兰女王(1890—1948年),第二次世界大战时在英国避难但仍坚持鼓励荷兰人抵抗外侮。1948年让位给她的女儿朱丽安娜〔Harlem〕A section of New York City in northern Manhattan bordering on the Harlem and East rivers. Peter Stuyvesant established the Dutch settlement of Nieuw Haarlem here in 1658. A rapid influx of Black people beginning c. 1910 made it one of the largest Black communities in the United States. In the 1920's a flowering of Black art and literature was known as the Harlem Renaissance. After World War II many Hispanics settled in East (or Spanish) Harlem.哈莱姆区:纽约市一地区,位于曼哈顿北部,傍倚哈莱姆河和东河。1658年彼得·斯图佛逊在此建立起荷兰人寄居地——新哈莱姆区。自1910年以来,迅速增大的黑人居民使该地成为美国最大的黑人聚居地,20世纪20年代黑人艺术及文学的兴起被称为哈莱姆文艺复兴,二次大战后,许多西班牙人定居在东(或西班牙)哈莱姆区〔Celebes〕An irregularly shaped island of central Indonesia on the equator east of Borneo. The Portuguese first visited Celebes in 1512 but were ousted by the Dutch in the 1600's. The island is noted for its rare species of fauna.西里伯岛:位于赤道婆罗洲东部、印度尼西亚中部的不规则形状的岛屿。葡萄牙人于1512年首先登上西里伯岛,但在17世纪初被荷兰人赶出。该岛因其稀有的动物品种而著名〔Queens〕A borough of New York City in southeast New York on western Long Island. It was first settled by the Dutch in 1635 and became part of Greater New York in 1898. Population, 1,951,598.昆斯区:美国纽约市一独立自治区,位于纽约州东南、长岛西部。1635年,最初是荷兰人定居,1898年成为大纽约的一部分。人口1,951,598〔apartheid〕Although South Africa has not furnished a great number of words that have achieved general currency in British and American English,one in particular,apartheid, has gained wide circulation. The first recorded use ofapartheid as an English term, in the Cape Times on October 24, 1947, is an ironic commentary on much of the word's use since then: "Mr. Hofmeyr said apartheid could not be reconciled with a policy of progress and prosperity for South Africa.” According to the March 15, 1961, issue of theLondon Times, the wordself-development was supposed to replace apartheid as the official term used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation for "the Government's race policies. ” And inMove Your Shadow, published in 1985, Joseph Lelyveld says that the "word is [now] shunned, even resented by the [National Party's] high priests as if it were an epithet fashioned by the country's enemies.” Butapartheid as a word and as a reality has been slow to disappear. The history ofapartheid, however, offers a possible model for change in this policy, for the word is an example of a mixture and combination of resources, in this case linguistic.Apartheid is an English word that came into South African English from Afrikaans, the language of the Dutch settlers of South Africa. They in turn had made up the word from the Dutch wordapart, "separate,” and the suffix -heid, which corresponds to our suffix -hood. Thusapartheid literally means "separateness.” The Dutch had earlier borrowed the wordapart, as did we, from the French phrase à part, meaning "to one side.” 尽管南非并没有向英国和美国英语里加入很多得以普遍使用的词汇,但尚有一例外,apartheid 这个词就得到了普遍应用。 apartheid 一词作为英语词汇的使用最早记录于1947年10月24日的 开普时报 上,从那时起对该词的使用就作了反讽式的评论: “霍夫梅伊先生说种族隔离制不能与南非进步及繁荣的政策相容。”根据1961年3月15日的一期伦敦时报 , 南非广播公司试图以self-development 作为官方用语来代替 apartheid 表示“政府的种族政策”。 在1985年出版的移动你的影子 中,约瑟夫·莱莉瓦德说“这个词为高级牧师们所回避甚至痛恨, 似乎它是这个国家的敌人创造出来的修饰语。”但apartheid 作为词汇和作为现实存在消失得很慢。 然而apartheid 的历史为这种政策的变化提供了一个可能的模式, 因为这个词是语言学方面各种来源混合及联合的一个例子。Apartheid 是从南非的荷兰殖民者的语言进入南非英语的一个英语词汇。 依次由荷兰词apart “分隔”,和后缀 -heid (其与后缀 -hood 相对应)构成。 这样,apartheid 可逐字译为“分隔,隔离。” 荷兰人较早地借用了apart 一词,就如我们从法语里借用了意为“到一边”的 a part 一样 〔Jakarta〕The capital and largest city of Indonesia, on the northeast coast of Java. Founded c. 1619 by the Dutch, it became an important center of the Dutch East India Company and was renamed Jakarta after Indonesia became independent in 1949. Population, 6,503,449.雅加达,巴达维亚:印度尼西亚首都和最大的城市,位于爪哇东北海岸。大约在1619年由荷兰人发现,成为荷兰东印度公司的一个重要中心城市,并于印度尼西亚独立(1949年)之后,重新命名为雅加达。人口6,503,449〔Dutch〕Of or relating to the Pennsylvania Dutch.宾夕法尼亚州荷兰人的:宾夕法尼亚州荷兰人的、或与之有关的〔Cohoes〕A city of east-central New York on the Hudson River north of Albany. It was settled by the Dutch in 1665. Population, 16,825.可荷斯:纽约中部偏东的城市,靠近哈得孙河,在阿尔伯尼以北。1665年由荷兰人建立。人口16,825〔Sumbawa〕A volcanic island of south-central Indonesia in the Lesser Sunda Islands west of Flores. The Dutch gained control in 1905 after signing treaties with the local chieftains.松巴哇岛:印度尼西亚中南部的一个火山岛,位于弗洛里斯岛西部的小巽他群岛,1905年荷兰人与当地的酋长签订条约后,获得了对该岛的控制权〔Englewood〕A city of northeast New Jersey east of Paterson. Settled by the Dutch in the 17th century, it is a residential suburb of New York City. Population, 24,850.英格伍德:美国新泽西州东北部帕特森城东部的一座城市,荷兰人于17世纪移民居住,它是美国纽约城的一个住宅郊区。人口24,850〔Yonkers〕A city of southeast New York north of New York City. First inhabited by the Dutch in the mid-1600's, it is a residential and manufacturing center. Population, 188,082.扬克斯:美国纽约东南一城市,位于纽约城北部,17世纪中叶荷兰人首先在这定居,是居民区和制造中心。人口188,082〔Bandung〕A city of Indonesia in western Java southeast of Jakarta. Founded by the Dutch in 1810, it is an industrial and cultural center and a resort known for its cool, healthful climate. Population, 1,462,637.万隆:印度尼西亚一城市,位于雅加达东南爪哇岛的西部。1810年为荷兰人建立,是一个工业和文化中心,并因其凉爽、益于健康的气候成为旅游胜地。人口1,462,637 |
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