| 单词 | 荷兰语 |
| 释义 | 〔grumble〕Probably Dutch grommelen [to mutter] 可能为 荷兰语 grommelen [嘟哝] 〔split〕Dutch splitten 荷兰语 splitten 〔filibuster〕from Dutch vrijbuiter [pirate] * see freebooter 源自 荷兰语 vrijbuiter [掠夺者] * 参见 freebooter〔bumpkin〕Probably from Dutch boomken [diminutive of] boom [tree] * see boom 2可能源自 荷兰语 boomken boom的小后缀 [树] * 参见 boom2〔trek〕Fans ofStar Trek and others may be interested to know that the wordtrek originally had to do with a slow journey by a very different mode of transportation, a wagon drawn by oxen. Trek was borrowed into English in South Africa, where the word was used by speakers of Afrikaans for a journey by ox wagon.The British, who at the turn of the century were to seize control of South Africa from the descendants of the original Dutch settlers,borrowed the wordtrek during the 19th century. Trek is recorded earliest in 1822 in the compound trektow, "a rope joining the wagon pole and the yoke to which oxen were fastened.”Trek in this compound is either the noun or the stem of the corresponding verb in Afrikaans, trekken. The earliest recorded use of the noun by itself is found in 1849,where it means "a stage in a journey by ox wagon.”The word has long since migrated from South African into general English—and into space travel.电影星际旅行 的影迷们和其他人可能很有趣知道： trek 这个词原来与一种非常与众不同的运输方式，即用牛拉马车所进行的一种很慢的旅行有关。 Trek 这个词在南非被借入英语， 在南非讲南非荷兰语的人用来指用牛车所进行的旅行。英国人在19世纪和20世纪之交从荷兰拓居者的后裔那里夺取了对南非的控制权，他们在19世纪借用了trek 这个词。 Trek 的最早记录在1822年出现于复合词 trektow 中， 其意指“连接车辕和系牛车轭的绳子”。Trek 在这个复合词中既作名词又作为其在南非荷兰语的对应动词 trekken 的词干。 这个词最早作为名词使用的记载是在1849年，那时这个词的意思是“一段用牛车进行的旅程”。这个词很早就从南非迁移到了一般的英语中，并且进入了星际旅行之中〔apartheid〕Dutch apart [separate] from French à part [apart] * see apart 荷兰语 apart [分开，隔开] 源自 法语 à part [分隔的，相间隔] * 参见 apart〔catkin〕From obsolete Dutch katteken [kitten] [diminutive of] katte [cat (from its resemblance to a kitten's tail)] 源自 已废荷兰语 katteken [小猫] katte的小后缀 [猫（因其形似小猫的尾巴而命名）] 〔buchu〕Afrikaans boegoe 南非荷兰语 boegoe 〔sleigh〕Dutch slee 荷兰语 slee 〔ravel〕To say that we will ravel the history ofravel is an ambiguous statement, given that history. Ravel comes from the obsolete Dutch verbravelen, "to tangle, fray out, unweave,” which comes in turn from the nounravel, "a loose thread.” We can see the ambiguity ofravel already in the notion of a loose thread, because threads can be loose when they are tangled or when they are untangling.The Dutch verb has both notions present in it,denoting both tangling and unweaving.In one of its earliest recorded uses in English (before 1585)the verb means "to become entangled or confused,”and in 1598 we find a use in the sense "to entangle.”But in 1611 the word is used with reference to a fabricin the sense "to fray out,”and in 1607 in the sense "to unwind, unweave, or unravel.”In 1582 we already have an author using the word in a figurative way to mean "to take to pieces or disentangle,”while in a work written before 1656 we have a figurative instance of the sense "to entangle or confuse.”Clearly there was a need for the wordunravel, which is first found in 1603, but strangely enoughit did not solve the problem,ravel retaining up to this day both "entangling" and "disentangling" senses. 说我们要解开ravel 这个词的历史， 只要“历史”的意思不变，这种说法本来就是含糊的。 Ravel 这个词来源于意为“纠缠，磨损掉，解开”的废荷兰语动词ravelen， 而这个词又是从意为“一束松线”的名词ravel 衍生而来的。 在这个意思中，我们已经能看到ravel 的双重意思， 因为一团线缠起来或被解开后都有可能松散。荷兰语的这个词两个意思都有，既指缠起来又指松开。 (1585年前）这个词在英语中第一次使用时，它是“变得纠缠在一起、和含混不清”的意思，1598年我们又发现了“使缠在一起”的意思。但1611年当这个词用于指纺织品时，它却是“使散开”的意思，1607年它的意思是“倒转，松开，打开。”1582年有一位作家已经使用这个词的比喻义“散成一片片或分开”，而在一部写于1656年前的著作中，又有“缠紧，弄混”的比喻意义。毫无疑问，出现于1603年的unravel 这个词有必要的存在， 但非常奇怪的是,这并没有解决ravel 这个词直到现在还有“缠紧”和“分开”这两个意思 〔bilander〕Dutch billander 荷兰语 billander 〔scamp〕probably from obsolete Dutch schampen [to decamp] 可能源自 已废荷兰语 schampen [偷离营地] 〔sloop〕Dutch sloep 荷兰语 sloep 〔linstock〕of Dutch lontstok 荷兰语 lontstok的变化 〔lac〕Dutch lac 荷兰语 lac 〔gherkin〕Dutch gurken [pl. of] gurk [cucumber] 荷兰语 gurken gurk的复数 [黄瓜] 〔stiver〕Dutch stuiver 荷兰语 stuiver 〔rijsttaffel〕Dutch tafel [table] from Middle Dutch tafele from Vulgar Latin *tavola from Latin tabula [tablet, board] 荷兰语 tafel [桌子] 源自 中古荷兰语 tafele 源自 俗拉丁语 *tavola 源自 拉丁语 tabula [平板，板] 〔Malay〕Obsolete Dutch Malayo 已废荷兰语 Malayo 〔Afrikaans〕A language that developed from 17th-century Dutch and is an official language of South Africa. Also called Taal 2南非荷兰语，斐语：从17世纪荷兰语演变过来语言，为南非的官方语言 也作 Taal2〔wentletrap〕Dutch wenteltrap 荷兰语 wenteltrap 〔skeg〕Dutch scheg 荷兰语 scheg 〔potash〕translated from obsolete Dutch potaschen [from the fact that this substance was originally obtained by leaching wood ashes and evaporating the leach in a pot] 由 已废荷兰语 potaschen翻译而来 [其得名原因是因为这种物质最初是通过过滤木灰然后将木灰放在锅中进行蒸发而得的] 〔commodore〕probably from Dutch komandeur [commander] 可能源自 荷兰语 komandeur [司令部] 〔spelter〕[Probably of Dutch or Low German origin] [可能源自荷兰语或低地德语] 〔cockatoo〕Dutch kaketoe 荷兰语 kaketoe 〔mealie〕Afrikaans mielie 南非荷兰语 mielie 〔olicook〕Originally brought to the Hudson Valley of New York by settlers from the Netherlands, a few items of Dutch vocabulary have survived there from colonial times until the present.The wordolicook, meaning "doughnut,” comes from Dutcholiekoek —literally, "oil cake.” And the Dutch wordkill for a small running stream is used throughout New York State. Stoop, "a small porch,” comes from Dutchstoep; this word is now in general use in the Northeast and beyond.开始是由荷兰裔的定居者将荷兰语的一些词汇带到纽约州的哈得逊河流域，而这些词从殖民时代一直到现在一直被使用。单词olicook 的意思是“炸面圈”， 它源于荷兰语的oliekoek ——字面意思是油炸饼。 而在荷兰语中指一条流动的小溪的词kill ，在美国纽约州广泛使用。 stoop 即“小火把”， 源自荷兰语stoep 。 这个词在美国东北及以外地区被广泛使用。〔pinkie〕Probably from Dutch pinkje [diminutive of] pink [little finger] 可能源自 荷兰语 pinkje pink的小后缀 [小指] 〔swab〕or from obsolete Dutch swabbe [mop] from Middle Dutch 或源自 已废荷兰语 swabbe [拖把] 源自 中古荷兰语 〔snarl〕perhaps from Dutch 可能源自 荷兰语 〔kink〕Dutch [twist in a rope] 荷兰语 [绳子上的扭结] 〔minikin〕Obsolete Dutch minneken [darling] 已废荷兰语 minneken [亲爱的] 〔caboose〕Possibly from obsolete Dutch cabūse [ship's galley] 可能源自 已废荷兰语 cabūse [船上的厨房] 〔laager〕Alteration of Obsolete Afrikaans lager 已废南非荷兰语 lager的变化 〔klipspringer〕Dutch springer [jumper] from springen [to leap] from Middle Dutch 荷兰语 springer [跳跃者] 源自 springen [跳跃] 源自 中古荷兰语 〔Dunker〕Pennsylvania Dutch 宾夕法尼亚荷兰语 〔logy〕Perhaps from Dutch log [heavy] 可能源自 荷兰语 log [沉重的] 〔waffle〕Dutch wafel 荷兰语 wafel 〔bonspiel〕Probably Dutch *bonspel [league game] 可能为 荷兰语 *bonspel [团体比赛] |
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