| 单词 | 蒙古人 |
| 释义 | 〔Tartary〕A vast region of eastern Europe and northern Asia controlled by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries. It extended as far east as the Pacific Ocean under the rule of Genghis Khan.鞑靼地区：13和14世纪被蒙古人统治的东欧和北亚的广大地区。在成吉思汗统治时期这一地区向东一直延伸到太平洋〔Kirghiz〕A region of southeast Central Asian U.S.S.R. bordering on northwest China. It was probably inhabited before the 13th century by a Turkic-speaking Mongolian people and was annexed by Russia in 1864.吉尔吉斯：与中国西北部接壤的苏联中亚部分东南部的一个地区。它大约在13世纪前由讲突厥语的蒙古人居住，1864年被俄罗斯占领〔seersucker〕Through its name, seersucker, a lightweight fabric for summer suits and dresses, gives us a glimpse at the history of India.The facts of the word's history are that it came into English from the East Indian language Hindi (śīrśakar ). The word in Hindi was borrowed from the Persian compoundshīroshakar, meaning literally "milk and sugar"but used in a figurative way for a striped linen garment.The Persian wordshakar, "sugar,” in turn came from Sanskrit śarkarā. Persian, Indian, English—clearly we are dealing with multiple cultural borrowing here,and the Persians did indeed borrow sugar and the word for sugar from India in the 6th century.During and after Tamerlane's invasion of India in the late 14th century,the opportunity for borrowing Persian things and words such asshīr-o-shakar was present, since the Mongol Turk Tamerlane incorporated Persia as well as India into his empire.It then remained for the English during the 18th century, when the East India Company and England were moving toward supremacy in India, to borrow the material and its nameseersucker (first recorded in 1722 in the form Sea Sucker ) from an Indian language. 适合制作夏季服装的一种很轻的面料，通过它的名字——泡泡纱让我们对印度历史有所了解。关于这个单词的历史事实是这个词从东印度语言——印地语(sirsakar )进入英语。 在印地语中，这个词来源于波斯语复合词shiroshakar ， 其字面意思是“牛奶和糖”，但用其比喻意来指一种有条纹的亚麻长袍。波斯语shakar 意思是“糖”，来自于梵文 sarkara 。 波斯语，印度语，英语——显而易见，这里我们要研究的是多元文化的借用，而事实上波斯人确实于公元6世纪从印度输入了糖和表示糖的单词。在14世纪后期泰摩兰入侵印度期间和之后，就有了借用波斯物品及单词，如shir-o-shakar 的机会， 因为突厥化了的蒙古人泰摩兰不但把波斯还把印度并入了自己的王国。在18世纪，当东印度公司和英国印度取得至高权威后，才从一种印度语言中输入了seersucker 的材料及名称（最初的记载形式是 Sea sucker ，出现于1722年） 〔Mogul〕A Mongol or Mongolian.一个蒙古人或蒙古语〔Chuvash〕A region of east-central European U.S.S.R. in the Volga River valley. Conquered by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries, it came under Russian rule in 1552.楚瓦什：苏联欧洲部分中东部地区，位于伏尔加河谷。在13和14世纪被蒙古人征服，1552年后由俄罗斯统治〔Khanbalik〕An ancient city of Mongol China on the site of modern Beijing. Rebuilt by Kublai Khan from 1264 to 1267 on the site of an earlier city, Khanbalik was called Cambaluc by Marco Polo, who described its magnificence in the account of his travels.大都：蒙古人统治中国时的古代城市，在当今北京所在地。1264到1267年成吉思汗在原有城市的基础上重建此城，马可·波罗称这座城为坎巴立克，并在其游记中描绘了该城的盛景〔Tatarstan〕An autonomous republic of west-central Russia. The site of a powerful Bulgar state after the 8th century, the region was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century and by Moscow in 1552. The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established in 1920, and in 1991 it declared its independence. Along with Chechnya, the republic was not a signatory to the 1992 treaty that created the Russian Federation, but it did join later, in 1994.鞑靼斯坦共和国：俄罗斯中西部自治共和国。8世纪后是强大的保加利亚人国家所在地，13世纪鞑靼斯坦被蒙古人统治，1552年由莫斯科管辖。鞑靼自治苏维埃社会主义共和国成立于1920年并于1991年宣告独立。鞑靼斯坦共和国和车臣地区都未签署1992年成立俄罗斯联邦的条约，但随后在1994年鞑靼斯坦共和国加入俄罗斯联邦〔Mongol〕Of or relating to Mongolia, the Mongols, or their language or culture.蒙古的、蒙古人、其语言或文化的、或与之有关的〔Chuvashia〕An autonomous republic of western Russia in the Volga River valley. Conquered by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries, the area came under Russian rule in 1552. It became an autonomous region in 1920 and an autonomous republic in 1925. In 1992 Chuvashia was a signatory to the agreement that created the Russian Federation.楚瓦什共和国：俄罗斯西部的自治共和国，位于伏尔加河谷。13世纪和14世纪该地区被蒙古人征服，1552年划入俄罗斯的势力范围。1920年成为自治区并于1925年成为自治共和国。1992年楚瓦什签署了成立俄罗斯联邦的协议〔Crimea〕A region and peninsula of southern European U.S.S.R. on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. In ancient times it was colonized by Greeks and Romans and later overrun by Ostrogoths, Huns, and Mongols. Conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1475, the area was annexed by Russia in 1783. The peninsula was the scene of the Crimean War (1853-1856), in which a coalition of English, French, and Turkish troops defeated the Russians, although Crimea itself did not change hands.克里米亚：前苏联欧洲部分南部的一个行政区和半岛，位于黑海和亚述海沿岸。在古代它曾被希腊人和罗马人统治，后来又被东哥特人、匈奴人和蒙古人侵占。它在1475年被奥斯曼土耳其人所征服，在1783年这一地区被俄国吞并。该半岛是克里米亚战争(1853-1856年）的战场，在这场战争中英国、法国和土耳其的联合军队击败了俄国军队，但克里米亚本身却没有易手〔Mongoloid〕Characteristic of or resembling a Mongol.带有蒙古人特点的或象蒙古人的〔Yunnan〕A province of south-central China bordering on Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. The region was overrun by Mongols in 1253 and became part of China in the 17th century. Kunming is the capital. Population, 34,060,000.云南：中国中南部一省份，与越南、老挝和缅甸接壤。1253年被蒙古人占领，17世纪成为中国的一部分，首府昆明。人口34,060,000〔Tadzhikistan〕A historical region of south-central Asia bordering on Afghanistan and China. It was settled by the Tajik by the 10th century and conquered by the Mongols in the 13th century. The region was acquired by Russia in 1895.塔吉克斯坦：亚洲中南部的一个历史地区，与阿富汗和中国接壤。塔吉克人在10世纪以前在这个地区定居，在13世纪它被蒙古人征服。该地区于1895年归入俄国〔Mongolian〕Of or relating to Mongolia, the Mongols, or their language or culture.蒙古的、蒙古人、蒙古语或其文化的或与之相关的〔Kursk〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. south-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 1095, it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1240 and rebuilt as a fortress in 1586. Population, 420,000.库尔斯克：苏联中欧部分一城市，位于莫斯科西南偏南。最早的记载是在1095年。1240年它被蒙古人摧毁，1586年作为一个要塞被重建。人口420,000〔Miskolc〕A city of northeast Hungary northeast of Budapest. A major industrial center, it was invaded by Mongols in the 13th century, by Turks in the 16th and 17th centuries, and by German imperial forces in the 17th and 18th centuries. Population, 211,645.米什科尔茨：匈牙利东北部一城市，位于布达佩斯东北方。是主要的工业中心。13世纪遭蒙古人侵略，16世纪、17世纪为土耳其人所占，17世纪、18世纪又被德意志帝国军队侵占。人口211,645〔Mongolian〕Any of the various spoken and written dialects and languages of the Mongols living in Mongolia and China. Also called In this sense, also called Mongol 蒙古语：蒙古和中国境内的蒙古人的口头和书面语言 也作 在此意义上也可称作 Mongol |
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