| 单词 | 蘑菇 |
| 释义 | 〔champignon〕probably from Vulgar Latin *(fungus) campiniolus [(fungus) growing in the fields] 可能源自 俗拉丁语 *(fungus) campiniolus [在田地里长的（蘑菇）] 〔farci〕mushrooms farci.蘑菇五香碎肉馅的〔muesli〕diminutive of German Mus [mush] 德语 Mus的小后缀 [蘑菇] 〔muscarine〕A highly toxic alkaloid, C9H 20NO 2, related to the cholines, derived from the red form of the mushroom Amanita muscaria and found in decaying animal tissue. 蝇蕈碱：一种与胆碱有关的剧毒生物碱，C9H 20NO 2，由蘑菇 蕈毒鹅膏 的红色组织提取而出，在腐烂的动物组织中也可发现 〔champignon〕An edible mushroom, especially the much cultivated speciesAgaricus bisporus. 洋蘑菇：一种可食用的蘑菇，尤指大量培植的品种双孢子蘑菇 〔especial〕She has an especial fondness for mushrooms.她对蘑菇有特殊的偏好〔fungus〕Any of numerous eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which lack chlorophyll and vascular tissue and range in form from a single cell to a body mass of branched filamentous hyphae that often produce specialized fruiting bodies. The kingdom includes the yeasts, molds, smuts, and mushrooms.真菌：一种缺乏叶绿素和血管组织的真菌界真核生物，存在形式从一个单细胞到整个枝状菌丝体不等，经常可产生专化子实体。这一界生物包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇〔amanita〕Any of various mushrooms in the genusAmanita, many of which are extremely poisonous. 毒伞肽菌，伞形毒菌：一种鹅膏属 蘑菇，很多都有剧毒 〔boletus〕Latin bōlētus [mushroom] 拉丁语 bōlētus [蘑菇] 〔button〕An immature, unexpanded mushroom.末成熟的，未张开的蘑菇〔spawn〕Mycelia of mushrooms or other fungi grown in specially prepared organic matter for planting in beds.菌种体：特别栽种于苗床上的在有机体上生长的蘑菇或其他菌类的菌丝体〔shiitake〕An edible eastern Asian mushroom(Lentinus edodes) having an aromatic, fleshy, golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible, tough stipe. Also called Chinese black mushroom ,golden oak mushroom ,Oriental black mushroom 什塔克菇：一种可食的产于东亚的蘑菇（香菇 香菇属） ，有芳香的，肉质菌盖，颜色为金色或深棕色到浅黑色，不能食用菌柄坚硬， 也作 Chinese black mushroom,golden oak mushroom,Oriental black mushroom〔cap〕The top part, or pileus, of a mushroom.菌盖：蘑菇的上部或菌盖〔ketchup〕The wordketchup exemplifies the types of modifications that can take place in the borrowing process, both in the borrowing of a word and in the borrowing of a substance.The source of our wordketchup may be the Malay word kēchap, possibly taken into Malay from the Cantonese dialect of Chinese.Kēchap, like our word, referred to a kind of sauce, but a sauce without tomatoes;rather, it contained fish brine, herbs, and spices.The sauce seems to have emigrated to Europe by way of sailors,where it was made with locally available ingredients such as the juice of mushrooms or walnuts.At some point, when the juice of tomatoes was first used,ketchup as we know it was born.However, it is important to realize that in the 18th and 19th centuriesketchup was a generic term for sauces whose only common ingredient was vinegar. The word is first recorded in English in 1690 in the formcatchup, in 1711 in the formketchup, and in 1730 in the formcatsup. These three spelling variants of a foreign borrowing remain current.ketchup 这个词显示出在借词过程中的变异， 既发生在借词上又发生物质转借上。ketch up 这个词的来源大约是马来词 kechap ， 可能是从中国广东方言变为马来语的。Kechap 也象ketchup一样指一种酱， 但是不含番茄的酱，而是含咸鱼汁、药草和香料。大概是由水手们传到欧洲，在欧洲只能用当地有的调料如蘑菇或胡桃汁制成。当番茄汁初次被被使用时，我们所指的调味番茄酱便产生了。但应注意的是18和19世纪时，ketchup 是表示一般成分只含醋的调料的通用词。 1690年这个词首先以catchup 的形式在英语中出现， 1711年改为ketchup ， 1730年又改为catsup 。 这个外来词的三种不同拼法现在都通行〔portobello〕A mature, very large cremini mushroom.波多白洛大蘑菇：成熟的，非常大的双孢子蘑菇〔mushroom〕Relating to, consisting of, or containing mushrooms:蘑菇的，象蘑菇的：与蘑菇有关的、由蘑菇组成的或者包含蘑菇的：〔suggest〕a cloud that suggests a mushroom; a ringlike symbol suggesting unity.一朵让人想到蘑菇的云；让人想到团结的环状标记〔shiitake〕take [mushroom] take [蘑菇] 〔tetrazzini〕Made with noodles, mushrooms, and almonds in a cream sauce topped with cheese:苔托基尼的：在奶油料中加面条、蘑菇和杏仁并用奶酪覆盖的：〔mushroom〕Any of various fleshy fungi of the class Basidiomycota, characteristically having an umbrella-shaped cap borne on a stalk, especially any of the edible kinds, as those of the genusAgaricus. 蘑菇：各种气生肉质真菌子实体中的一种；有典型的伞状菌盖连接其下的菌柄，特别是伞菌 属中任一种可食的 〔Marengo〕Browned in oil and sautéed in a sauce of tomatoes, mushrooms, garlic, onion, and white wine:马伦戈式的：在油中炸成棕色后放入一种由西红柿、蘑菇、大蒜、洋葱和白葡萄酒制成的酱中嫩煎而成的：〔cacciatore〕Prepared with tomatoes, onions, mushrooms, herbs, and sometimes wine:卡西多尼意式的：以蕃茄、洋葱、蘑菇、香料、有时加酒制成的：〔chanterelle〕An edible mushroom(Cantharellus cibarius) that is yellow to orange in color, trumpet-shaped, and sometimes fragrant. 鸡油菌：一种可食用的蘑菇（食物鸡油菌） ，颜色从黄色至橙色，呈喇叭状，有时有香味 〔bufotenine〕A poisonous hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H 16N 2O, obtained from the skin glands of toads of the genus Bufo or from some mushrooms. 蟾蜍色胺，蟾蜍碱，蟾毒配基：有毒的致幻生物碱，C12H 16N 20，从 蟾蜍属 的各类蟾蜍皮腺或某些蘑菇中提取 |
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