| 单词 | 虚弱 |
| 释义 | 〔weakness〕The condition or quality of being weak.虚弱：虚弱的状态或状况〔rocky〕Weak, dizzy, or nauseated, especially as a result of the excessive intake of alcohol or drugs.晕眩的：尤指因过度饮酒或吸毒而造成虚弱、昏花或恶心的〔meager〕Deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble:贫乏的：在丰富度、肥沃度或生命力上不足的；虚弱的：〔shallow〕Marked by insufficient inhalation of air; weak:微弱的：以空气吸入不足为特征的；虚弱的：〔healthy〕 Hale stresses freedom from infirmity, especially in elderly persons,whilerobust emphasizes healthy strength and ruggedness: Hale 强调老年人不虚弱的，而robust 则强调健康的力量和粗壮： 〔trick〕Weak, defective, or liable to fail:有点毛病的：虚弱的，有缺点的，靠不住的：〔bodied〕strong-bodied; weak-bodied.强壮的身体；虚弱的身体〔limp〕Lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritless:软弱的，没有精神的：无力的或柔弱的；虚弱的或无精打彩的：〔weak〕"These poor wretches . . . were so weak they could hardly sit to their oars" (Daniel Defoe). “这些可怜的穷人…那么虚弱以致几乎不能坐到他们的桨那里” （丹尼尔·笛福）。 〔reason〕"So long as the human heart is strong and the human reason weak, Royalty will be strong because it appeals to diffused feeling, and Republics weak because they appeal to the understanding" (Walter Bagehot). “只要是人的情感力量强大而理性虚弱，王权政体就会强大，因为它要的是散布的情感，而共和政体便会虚弱，因为它需要理解” （瓦尔特·白哲诗）。 〔nerveless〕Lacking strength or energy; spiritless; weak.无力的：无力或无精力；无精打彩的；虚弱〔brucellosis〕An infectious bacterial disease of human beings that is caused by brucellae, transmitted by contact with infected animals, and characterized by fever, malaise, and headache. Also called Gibraltar fever ,Malta fever ,Mediterranean fever ,Rock fever ,undulant fever 波动热，马耳他热：人患的一种细菌感染疾病，由布鲁氏菌引起，通过与受感染的动物接触而传染。症状是发烧，虚弱，头疼 也作 Gibraltar fever,Malta fever,Mediterranean fever,Rock fever,undulant fever〔hunger〕The discomfort, weakness, or pain caused by a prolonged lack of food.饥饿：由于长时间未进食造成的不适、虚弱或疼痛〔low〕Lacking strength or vigor; weak.衰弱的：缺乏力气或活力的；虚弱的〔sickly〕Lacking vigor or strength; feeble or weak:病态的，苍白无力的：缺少活力或力气的；虚弱或弱小的：〔valetudinarian〕A sickly or weak person, especially one who is constantly and morbidly concerned with his or her health:多病或虚弱的人：多病或虚弱的人，尤指经常地、病态地关注到他或她的健康的人：〔weak〕 Feeble suggests pathetic or grievous physical or mental weakness or hopeless inadequacy: Feeble 表明可怜的、悲惨的体力上或智力上的虚弱或没有希望的不足： 〔decrepit〕from Latin dēcrepitus [worn out, feeble] 源自 拉丁语 dēcrepitus [耗尽的，虚弱的] 〔shake〕Tremble implies quick, rather slight movement,as from excitement, weakness, or anger: Tremble 意指迅速、相当轻微的运动，由于激动、虚弱或生气引起： 〔broken〕Weakened and infirm:衰竭的，虚弱的：〔weakly〕Delicate in constitution; frail or sickly.虚弱的：身体无力；虚弱的或有病的〔osteomalacia〕A disease occurring mostly in adult women that results from a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium and is characterized by a softening of the bones with accompanying pain and weakness.软骨病：一种主要由成年妇女患的疾病，由缺少维生素D或钙引起，特征为骨质软化并伴有疼痛和虚弱〔fragile〕Lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate.虚弱的，脆弱的：缺乏体力或情感力量的；易受伤的〔tremble〕Poisoning of domestic animals, especially cattle and sheep, caused by eating white snakeroot or rayless goldenrod and characterized by muscular tremors and weakening. Also called milk sickness 乳毒症：家畜中毒,尤指牛和羊，由食用白色蛇根草或无边花的黄花引起，表现为肌肉颤抖和虚弱等症状 也作 milk sickness〔anemic〕Lacking vitality; listless and weak:无力的：缺乏活力的；精神不振的，虚弱的：〔doddered〕Infirm; feeble.虚弱的；衰弱的〔reduce〕To bring to a humbler, weaker, difficult, or forced state or condition; especially:使卑下，使薄弱：发展到一个更卑下、虚弱、困难或强迫的地位或状态，特别是：〔lame〕Weak and ineffectual; unsatisfactory:虚弱的和没有效率的；令人不满意的：〔impuissance〕Lack of power or effectiveness; weakness.无力，虚弱：缺乏力量或效果；软弱〔aldosteronism〕A disorder marked by excessive secretion of the hormone aldosterone, which can cause weakness, cardiac irregularities, and abnormally high blood pressure.皮质醛酮增多症：由于皮质醛酮激素分泌过量而导致的紊乱，可造成虚弱、心脏异常和异常高血压〔pun〕The origin of the wordpun is lost in obscurity, perhaps deservedly so in the eyes of those who consider the pun the feeblest form of wit. The wordpun is first recorded in a work of 1662 written by John Dryden. In a slightly later passage of 1676we find the wordpun in the company of the words pundigrion and punnet with the same sense. Punnet is probably a diminutive of pun, as are the laterpunlet (used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1819) and punkin (Henry James, 1866). Butpundigrion, although recorded later, may have been around earlier than pun and might be its source.Pundrigrion in turn might be an alteration of the obsolete Italian word puntiglio, "fine point,” which we have in English aspunctilio. In any case,the wordpun has given birth to some derivatives of its own, including punnigram, modeled onepigram, and punnology. 可能在那些认为双关语是智慧的最虚弱表现形式的人眼里，pun 的本源难以考证是当然的。 1662年在约翰·德莱登的一篇文章中最早出现了pun 这个词。 其后不久1676年的一篇文章中，pun 同 pundigrion 和 punnet 具有相同的意思而列在一起。 Punnet 可能是 pun 的一个词尾， 后来的punlet (1819年萨缪尔·泰勒·柯利芝使用）和 punkin （亨利·詹姆斯于1866年使用）可能也是如此。 但尽管pundigrion 比 pun 的记载晚，却很可能比它略早出现， 且可能是它的来源。Pundrigrion 按顺序来说可能是已废弃的意大利语 puntiglio 的变形，意为“妙处”， 英语中相应的词是punctilio。 不论如何，pun 自身还衍生了一些词，包括 punnigram ， 它是模仿epigram 和 punnology 而成的 〔naughty〕Words have changes in their fortunes over time just as people and institutions do.The wordnaughty at one time might have been high on one's list as an all-purpose word similar to bad or nice. During the 16th centuryone could usenaughty to mean "unhealthy, unpleasant, bad (with respect to weather), vicious (of an animal), inferior, or bad in quality" (one could say "very naughtie figes" or "naughty corrupt water"). All of these senses have disappeared, however,andnaughty is now used mainly in contexts involving mischief or indecency. This recalls its early days in Middle English (with the formnoughti ), when the word was restricted to the senses "evil, hostile, ineffectual, and needy.”Middle Englishnoughti, first recorded in works written in the last quarter of the 14th century, was derived fromnought, which as a noun had senses such as "evil,”as a pronoun meant "nothing,”and as an adjective could mean such things as "immoral, weak, useless.”Nought was descended from Old English nāwiht, with similar senses,a compound made up ofnā, "no,” and wiht, "thing, being.” Thusnaughty, in a sense, has risen from nothing,but its fortunes have been better than they are at present.正像人们和制度那样，词随着时间改变了意思。单词naughty 曾一度作为类似于 bad 或 nice 这种通用词语而列于某人的词汇表中。 在16世纪，人们可以用naughty 来指“不健康的，不舒服的，坏的（和天气相关的），邪恶的（动物），较劣的，或质量坏的”（人们可以说“非常坏的人” 或“不健康的被污染的水”）。 然而所有的这些词义都消失了，现在naughty 主要用于关系到顽皮或不妥的上下文中。 这使人回想起它在中世纪英语的早些时候形式为naughti ， 当这个词被限定为用作“邪恶的，敌意的，无用的，和贫穷的”意思。中世纪英语的noughti 最先记录于写于14世纪后二十五年的著作中， 是由nought 派生而来的， 作为名词用有“邪恶”的意思，作为代词用是“没有”的意思，和作为形容词为“不道德的，虚弱的，无用的”。Nought 是从古英语 nawiht 中传下来的， 并且有相似的意思，由na “没有”和 wiht “事情，事物”组成的合成词。 这样naughty 从某种意义上来说， 从没有中生出，但是其意思却比现在的这些意思好得多〔feckless〕Lacking purpose or vitality; feeble or ineffective.无效的：缺乏目标与活力的；虚弱的或无效的〔wonky〕Shaky; feeble.摇晃的；虚弱的〔leptosome〕A person with a slender, thin, or frail body.细长型者，瘦弱型人：身体细长、瘦弱或虚弱的人〔infirmity〕A condition or disease producing weakness.疾病：导致虚弱的状况或疾病〔dotty〕Having a feeble or unsteady gait; shaky.不稳的，虚弱的；摇晃的〔rickety〕Feeble with age; infirm.随着年龄而虚弱的；不坚强的〔spindly〕Slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness.瘦长而虚弱的：又瘦又高的，尤指让人觉得虚弱的〔caducity〕from caduc [frail, falling] 源自 caduc [虚弱的，摇摇欲坠的] |
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