| 单词 | 虚拟语气 |
| 释义 | 〔fiat〕from Latin [let it be done] [third person sing. present subjunctive of] fierī [to become, to be done] * see bheuə- 源自 拉丁语 [任其完成] fierī的现在虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [变为，完成] * 参见 bheuə- 〔praemunire〕Latin faciās [that you cause] [second person sing. present subjunctive of] facere [to do (words used in the writ)] 拉丁语 faciās [你引起的] facere的虚拟语气动词第二人称单数 [做，执行（传令状中使用的文字）] 〔vamoose〕from Latin vādāmus [first person pl. subjunctive of] vādere [to go] 源自 拉丁语 vādāmus vādere的虚拟语气动词第一人称复数 [走] 〔imprimatur〕third person sing. present subjunctive passive of Latin imprimere [to imprint] * see impress 1 拉丁语 imprimere的第三人称单数现在虚拟语气过去形式 [印刷] * 参见 impress1〔capias〕from Latin [second person sing. present subjunctive of] capere [to seize (from the first word of the writ)] * see kap- 源自 拉丁语 capere的虚拟语气动词第二人称单数 [逮捕（得名于逮捕令的第一个字）] * 参见 kap- 〔albeit〕be [subjunctive of] ben [to be] * see be be ben的虚拟语气动词 [是] * 参见 be〔stet〕Latin [third person sing. present subjunctive of] stāre [to stand] * see stā- 拉丁语 stāre的现在虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [保留] * 参见 stā- 〔if〕In such contexts, however,the use ofif can sometimes create ambiguities. Depending on the intended meaning, the sentenceLet her know if she is invited might be better paraphrased asLet her know whether she is invited or If she is invited, let her know. · In conditional sentences the clause introduced byif may contain either a past subjunctive verb (if I were going ) or an indicative verb ( if I am going; if I was going ), depending on the intended meaning.According to the traditional rule,the subjunctive should be used to describe an occurrence that is presupposed to be contrary to fact,as inif I were ten years younger or if Napoleon had won at Waterloo. The main verb of such a sentence must then contain the modal verbwould or (less frequently) should: 不过在这种情况下，用if 就可能会造成歧义。 Let her know if she is invited 这句话最好根据所要表达的意思， 分开说成告诉她她是否被邀请了 或 如果她被邀请了，就让她知道 两句话。 用if 引起的条件状语从句中， 可以含有一个过去式的虚拟动词(倘若我去 )或一个一般陈述动词( 如果我就去；如果我去了 )， 这得依据所要表达的意思而定。根据正统的原则，虚拟语气用来表达一个与事实相反的假设，例如如果我再年轻十岁 或者 如果拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中获胜。 于是在这样的句子里，主要动词必须包含情态动词会 或（在较少情况下） 应该： 〔wert〕A second person singular past indicative and past subjunctive of be be的第二人称单数过去陈述语气和虚拟语气动词〔were〕Past subjunctive of be See Usage Note at if ,wish be的过去虚拟语气词 参见 if,wish〔supersedeas〕from Latin supersedeās [you must desist (from the writ)] [second person sing. present subjunctive of] supersedēre [to desist from] * see supersede 源自 拉丁语 supersedeās [你必须停止令状] supersedēre的虚拟语气动词第二人称单数 [停止] * 参见 supersede〔if〕Again according to the traditional rule,the subjunctive is not correctly used following verbs such asask or wonder in if clauses that express indirect questions, even if the content of the question is presumed to be contrary to fact: 另外还是根据传统规则，在动词ask 或 wonder 中 if 引导的间接问句， 即使其内容被认为与事实相反，也不能使用虚拟语气： 〔requiescat〕Latin [third person sing. present subjunctive of] requiēscere [to rest] * see k weiə- 拉丁语 requiēscere的现在虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [休息] * 参见 k weiə- 〔Godspeed〕spede [third person sing. present subjunctive of] speden [to prosper] from Old English spēdan from spēd [success] * see speed spede speden的现在虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [兴盛，繁荣] 源自 古英语 spēdan 源自 spēd [成功，顺利] * 参见 speed〔if〕Note also that the presence of the modal verbwould in the main clause should not be taken as a sign that the verb in the if clause must be in the subjunctive, if the content of that clause is not presupposed to be false: 另须注意，在主句中使用情态动词would 并不表明 if 从句中一定使用虚拟语气，因为从句的内容并不一定原先就认为是错误的： 〔prosit〕from Latin [may it benefit] [third person sing. subjunctive of] prodesse [to benefit] * see proud 源自 拉丁语 [希望它将有益] prodesse的虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [有益] * 参见 proud〔optative〕Designating a statement using a verb in the subjunctive mood to indicate a wish or desire, as inHad I the means, I would do it. 虚拟语气动词的：在虚拟语气中用动词表达陈述句，表明一种愿望或要求，如在Had I the means, I would do it. 中 〔viva〕both from Latin vīva [third person sing. present subjunctive of] vīvere [to live] * see g wei- 都源自 拉丁语 vīva vīvere的现在虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [生活] * 参见 g wei- 〔if〕With all deference to the traditional rules governing the use of the subjunctive,it should be noted that a survey of the prose of reputable writers over the past 200 years would reveal a persistent tendency to use the indicativewas where the traditional rule would require the subjunctive were. A sentence beginningIf I was the only boy in the world, while not strictly correct, is wholly unremarkable. But the corresponding practice of using the subjunctive in place of the indicative may be labeled a hypercorrection. ·In spoken Englishthere is a growing tendency to usewould have in place of the subjunctive in contrary-to-fact clauses, as inif I would have been the President, but this usage is still widely considered incorrect.See Usage Note at doubt ,should ,wish 在与指导虚拟语气使用方法的传统规则相冲突的一系列不同用法中，我们应注意到一项对过去200年散文作家的调查显示，在传统语法要求使用虚拟式的were 的情况下，有一种持久的使用直陈式 was 的趋势。 一句用假如我是世界上唯一的男孩 开头的句子不会引起人们的注意。 而一定要把其中的直陈式换成虚拟式就显得矫正过了头。在英语口语中，在与事实相反的从句中，使用would have 一词的趋势有所增加， 例如如果我会是总统， 但这种用法仍然被大多数人认为是不正确的 参见 doubt,should,wish〔ossia〕sia [third person sing. present subjunctive of] essere [to be] from Latin esse * see es- sia essere的现在虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [是] 源自 拉丁语 esse * 参见 es- |
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