| 单词 | 被允许 |
| 释义 | 〔videlicet〕contraction of vidēre licet [it is permitted to see] vidēre licet的缩写 [被允许看] 〔videlicet〕licet [it is permitted] [third person sing. present tense of] licēre [to be permitted] licet [允许] licēre的第三人称单数现在时 [被允许] 〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔licit〕from Latin licitus [past participle of] licēre [to be permitted] 源自 拉丁语 licitus licēre的过去分词 [被允许的] 〔share〕"if we had been allowed to participate in the vital processes of America's national growth" (Richard Wright).“如果我们当时被允许参加美国民族发展的不可缺少的进程” （理查德·赖特）。〔inadvisable〕Running on the ice is inadvisable.在冰上奔跑是不被允许的〔downzone〕To reduce (density of housing or permitted expansion of construction) in a designated neighborhood:缩建：在一指定街区缩小（房屋密度或被允许的建筑物的扩建密度）：〔have〕To have done everything that is possible or that will be permitted.已做完可能做的或被允许的一切事情〔must〕from Old English mōste [past tense of] mōtan [to be allowed] * see med- 源自 古英语 mōste mōtan的过去时 [被允许] * 参见 med- 〔overweight〕Weighing more than is normal, necessary, or allowed, especially having more body weight than is considered normal or healthy for one's age or build.超重的：重量超过正常、必要或被允许的限度的，尤指体重超过了对人的年龄或体格来说被视为正常或健康的限度的〔minimum〕Of, consisting of, or representing the lowest possible amount or degree permissible or attainable.最低的：包含有或代表能获得的或被允许的最低的可能量的或程度的，或与之有关的〔misericord〕A dagger, a support for someone who is standing, and a special monastic apartment are all called by the same name because,strangely enough,they are all examples of mercy.The wordmisericord goes back to Latin misericordia, "mercy,” derived frommisericors, "merciful,” which is in turn derived frommiserērī, "to pity,” and cor, "heart.” In Medieval Latin the wordmisericordia was used to denote various merciful things, and these senses were borrowed into English.Misericordia referred to an apartment in a monastery where certain relaxations of the monastic rule were permitted,especially those involving food and drink.The word also designated a projection on the underside of a hinged seat in a choir stall against which a standing person could lean,no doubt a merciful thing during long services.Finally,misericordia was used for a dagger with which the death stroke was administered to a seriously wounded knight. 匕首、站立的人依靠的托板和一种特殊的修道院房都被称为同一名称，尽管非常奇怪，但这是因为它们全都是仁慈和怜悯的例证。misericord 一词可追溯到拉丁词 misericordia 意为“怜悯”， 源自misericors 意为“怜悯的”， 而后者又从misereri 意为“怜悯”和 cor 意为“心”演变而来。 在中世纪拉丁文中misericordia 一词用来指示各种表现仁慈和怜悯的事物， 这些意思被转借进了英语。Misericordia 指的是修道院中的一个房间， 某些特定的修道戒律在此被允许放宽，特别是有关饮食的戒律。这个词也指教堂座位的活动座板底面上可供站立的人依靠的凸出物，这在长长的宗教仪式中无疑是一个富有仁慈之心的物体，后来misericordia 也用来指将受伤很重的骑士刺死的匕首 〔Wheaton〕An unincorporated community of central Maryland, a residential suburb of Washington, D.C. Population, 53,720.惠顿：美国马里兰州中部的末被允许自治的社区，是华盛顿特区的居住郊区。人口53,720〔alienist〕A physician who has been accepted by a court of law as an expert on the mental competence of principals or witnesses appearing before it.精神病学家：作为鉴定法庭上主犯或证人思维能力的专家而被允许出庭的医生〔season〕Not available, permitted, or ready to be eaten, caught, or hunted.不当令的：不现成的、不被允许的或尚不能吃、抓或猎捕的〔leisure〕from Old French leisir [to be permitted] 源自 古法语 leisir [被允许] 〔indulgence〕Something granted as a favor or privilege.特许：作为赏赐或特权而被允许的事情〔Lockwood〕American lawyer and suffragist. She was the first woman admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court (1879).洛克伍德，贝尔瓦·安·贝内特：(1830-1917) 美国律师和妇女参政主义者。她是第一个被允许在美最高法院从事律师职业的妇女（1879年）〔zipper〕The wordzipper is an example of what the owners of trademarks try to prevent. Registered in 1925,zipper was originally a B.F. Goodrich trademark for overshoes with fasteners. A Goodrich executive is said to have slid the fastener up and down on the boot and exclaimed, "Zip 'er up,”from the zipping sound made by the device.The nounzip and the verb zip, referring to a light sharp sound or to motion accompanied by that kind of sound, were already in existence (zip as a noun was first recorded in 1875; as a verb, in 1852). The two words owed their origin to the imitation by speakers of the sound made by a rapidly moving object.As the fastener that "zipped" came to be used in other articles,its name became generalized.B.F. Goodrich sued to protect its trademark but was allowed to retain proprietary rights over it only for itsZipper Boots. Zipper had moved out into the world of common nouns. 单词zipper 是商标所有者试图阻止的实例。 1925年注册的zipper 原来是一种带有扣袢的便鞋的B.F.古德里奇商标。 据说古德里奇的管理人员把靴子上的扣袢上下拉并叫道"Zip'er up"，来自于这种扣件发出的嘘嘘声。指轻微而尖锐的声音或伴随着那种声音的行动的名词zip 和动词 zip ， 其早已存在（zip 作为名词最早记录于1875年；作为动词记录于1852年）。 这两个词的出现是来自于说话人模仿快速移动物体所发出的声音。象扣袢"zipped"已被用于其它文章中，这个名字变得广为使用。B.F.古德里奇要求保护其商标但仅被允许保留其在对Zipper Boots的使用。 Zipper已经成为一个十分普通的名词 〔may〕To be allowed or permitted to:许可：被允许或许可：〔reconstruction〕Reconstruction The period (1865-1877) during which the states of the Confederacy were controlled by the federal government before being readmitted to the Union. Reconstruction 南部重建时期：1865年至1877年的这一段时期，其时南部邦联诸州由联邦政府控制，1877年它们才被允许重入联邦〔vote〕"If older cities are allowed to decay and contract, can citizens who vote with their feet . . . hope to find better conditions anywhere else?”(Melinda Beck)“如果老城被允许崩溃并且缩小，用行动选择的公民能希望在别处找到更好的环境吗?”(梅琳达·贝克)〔bracero〕A Mexican laborer permitted to enter the United States and work for a limited period of time, especially in agriculture.到美国去当临时工的墨西哥人：被允许到美国去做短期工作的墨西哥工人，尤指农业工人〔license〕from licēns licent- [present participle of] licēre [to be permitted] 源自 licēns licent- licēre的现在分词 [被允许] |
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