| 单词 | 被判 |
| 释义 | 〔Raleigh〕English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he campaigned in Ireland and Cádiz, explored Guiana, colonized Virginia, and introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. His literary works include poetry, memoirs, and a world history.罗利，沃尔特：(1552?-1618) 英国大臣，航海家，殖民者，作家。他是伊丽莎白一世的宠臣，曾在爱尔兰和卡迪兹活动，考察了圭亚那，在弗吉尼亚州移民，把烟草和马铃薯传入欧洲。詹姆斯一世时被判为叛国罪，获释后又到圭亚那进行了一次远征，远征失败而被处死。他的文学著作包括诗歌、回忆录和世界历史〔Fouquet〕French superintendent of finance (1653-1661) who was convicted of embezzlement (1664) and imprisoned for life.富凯，尼古拉斯：(1615-1680) 法国路易十四时代的财政大臣（1653-1661年），因侵吞公款被捕（1664年），被判终身监禁〔Hess〕German Nazi leader. When Hitler became chancellor (1933), he named Hess as deputy führer and later (1939) as second in succession to the Nazi leadership. In May 1941 Hess was captured in Scotland, where he had flown apparently in a bid to start peace talks with Britain. At the Nuremburg trials (1946) he was sentenced to life imprisonment in Spandau Prison, Berlin, for war crimes.赫斯，（沃尔特·理查德）鲁道夫：(1894-1987) 德国纳粹领导人。当希特勒成为总理时(1933年），他任命赫斯为副元首，后来(1939年）任命为纳粹第二号接班人。1941年5月，赫斯飞往苏格兰，表面上要与英国开始和平谈判时在苏格兰被捕。在纽伦堡大审判(1946年）中，他因战争罪被判终身监禁，在柏林的史潘道监狱服刑〔Ciano〕Italian fascist politician. Married (1930) to the daughter of Benito Mussolini, he urged Italy to join the Axis powers in World War II but later favored a separate peace with the Allies. Among those who called for Mussolini's resignation, he was tried for treason and executed on Mussolini's orders.齐亚诺，加利佐：(1903-1944) 意大利法西斯党的政治家。1930年同贝内托·墨索里尼的女儿结婚，在第二次世界大战中他极力主张意大利加入轴心国组织，但后来又赞成与同盟国单独讲和。 在那些呼吁墨索里尼退位的人中，他被判叛国罪由墨索里尼下令处决〔Gramsci〕Italian political leader and theorist who helped establish the Italian Communist party in 1921. Mussolini later outlawed the party and Gramsci was imprisoned (1926-1937).葛米西，安东尼奥：意大利政治领导者及理论家，于1921年协助意大利共产党的建立，之后莫索里尼宣告此党为非法政党而葛米西因此被判入狱〔insanity〕was judged not guilty for reasons of insanity.由于精神失常而被判无罪。〔Haywood〕American labor leader. A socialist who helped found the Industrial Workers of the World (1905), he was ejected from the Socialist Party for his militant views (1912) and was convicted of sedition during World War I. He fled to the Soviet Union in 1921.海伍德，威廉·达德利：(1869-1928) 美国劳工领袖，1905年帮助建立了世界产业工人组织的社会主义者，1912年因其好战观点而被逐出社会党，在第一次世界大战期间被判煽动罪，1921年逃往苏联〔tumbrel〕A crude cart used to carry condemned prisoners to their place of execution, as during the French Revolution.死囚押送车：一种载着被判了死刑的人赶赴处决地的粗糙车辆，如用在法国大革命期间的车辆〔damned〕Condemned, especially to eternal punishment.被判为永久罪的：被判罪的，尤其指永久的惩罚〔get〕got six years in prison for embezzling funds.因贪污公款而被判入狱六年〔Beria〕Soviet secret police chief (1938-1953) during the brutal regime of Joseph Stalin. In the power struggle following Stalin's death, Beria was convicted of conspiracy and executed.贝里亚，拉夫连季·帕夫洛维奇：(1899-1953) 在斯大林暴政期间的苏联秘密警察局局长（1938-1953年）。在斯大林死后的权力斗争中，贝里亚被判有阴谋罪并被处死〔Sisyphus〕A cruel king of Corinth condemned forever to roll a huge stone up a hill in Hades only to have it roll down again on nearing the top.西西弗斯：科林斯残暴的国王，被判以永远将一块巨石推上海蒂斯的一座小山，而每当接近山顶时，石头又会滚下来 |
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