| 单词 | 被动语态 |
| 释义 | 〔catechumen〕from Greek katēkhoumenos [present passive participle of] katēkhein [to instruct] * see catechize 源自 希腊语 katēkhoumenos katēkhein的被动语态现在分词 [指导] * 参见 catechize〔get〕The use ofget in the passive, as inWe got sunburned at the beach, is generally avoided in formal writing.In less formal contexts, however,the construction does provide a useful distinction in attributing a more active role to its subject than would the corresponding passive withbe. Thus if Jones has committed a flagrant breach of law in order to test a particular statute,the situation might best be described by the sentenceJones got arrested by the police; whereas if Jones did nothing to provoke the police action,the sentenceJones was arrested by the police would be preferred. 在被动语态使用get ， 如我们在海滩上晒黑了 ， 渐渐在正式写作中避免。但在非正式上下文中，这个结构为使其比相应被动形式be 给予其主语更为主动的角色提供了极为有用的区别。 因此，如果琼斯为了验证特殊法律条文而严重违犯了某法律，最好用以下句子来描绘Jones got arrested by the police， 但如果琼斯没有反抗警察的行为，句子Jones was arrested by the police 比较合宜 〔accompany〕 However,by is quite commonly used in sentences of the second type, and the usage is grammatically defensible.The phrase introduced withby normally represents the subject of a related active sentence; thus, the sentenceThe salmon was accompanied by a delicious watercress salad is the unexceptional passive of the sentence A delicious watercress salad accompanied the salmon. By the same token,with can be used with persons when they are the instruments of an act of accompanying performed by someone else. We can sayThe Secret Service accompanied the candidate with six burly bodyguards, or we can use the passiveThe candidate was accompanied with six burly bodyguards (by the Secret Service). The choice between the two prepositions really depends on the intended sense.Although the traditional rule may serve as a guide to which sense is likely to feel the most natural,it should not be taken as a categorical stricture.但是by 在第二种形式的句子中也常用， 而且这种用法在语法上是可行的。由by 引导的短语一般表示一相关主动句中的主语； 因此句型伴有可口的水田芥菜色拉的鲑鱼 就是 用可口的水田芥菜色拉来搭配鲑鱼 这类句型的必然被动语态。 同样，当某些人是其他人所安排的陪同活动中的工具的时候，with 也可用于人。 我们可以说特工处派了六个强壮的保镖护随候选人， 或者我们可以用被动态用六个强壮的保镖护随候选人（是由秘密机关安排的）。 事实上是基于使用意图而在这两个介词之间进行选择的。虽然以传统的语法规则为导引可使人感到含义上极为自然，但不能就此认为这是绝对的限制〔ecumenical〕from (hē) oikoumenē (gē) [(the) inhabited (world)] [feminine present passive participle of] oikein [to inhabit] 源自 (hē) oikoumenē (gē) [居住着人的（世界）] oikein的阴性被动语态现在分词 [居住] 〔debenture〕from Latin dēbentur [they are due (probably the first word appearing on certificates of indebtedness)] [third person pl. passive of] dēbēre [to owe] * see ghabh- 源自 拉丁语 dēbentur [ 他们负债了（也许是首次出现在欠债凭据上的单词）] dēbēre的被动语态动词第三人称复数 [欠] * 参见 ghabh- 〔be〕Used with the past participle of a transitive verb to form the passive voice:与一个及物动词的过去分词连用，形成被动语态：〔syssarcosis〕sarkousthai [passive of] sarkoun [to make fleshy] from sarx sark- [flesh] sarkousthai sarkoun的被动语态动词 [使…多肉] 源自 sarx sark- [肉] 〔voice〕"Birds build nests" uses the active voice; "nests built by birds" uses the passive voice.“鸟筑巢”用主动语态；“被鸟筑的巢”用被动语态〔allophane〕phainesthai [to appear] [passive of] phainein [to show] * see fantasy phainesthai [看上去] phainein的被动语态动词 [表现出] * 参见 fantasy〔accompany〕It is traditionally claimed that the preposition to use withaccompany in the passive should be by in the case of persons and with otherwise: 在被动语态中，当指的是人时，用在accompany 后的介词传统上认为只能是 by ，而在其它情况则用 with ： 〔certiorari〕from Latin certiorārī (volumus) [(we wish) to be informed (from the word's occurrence in the writ)] [passive of] certiōrāre [to inform, apprise] 源自 拉丁语 certiorārī (volumus) [（我们希望）被告知（案卷里的命令）] certiōrāre的被动语态动词 [通知，告知] 〔passive〕A verb or construction in the passive voice.被动语态形式：被动语态形式的动词或结构〔inveigh〕Latin invehī [to attack with words, inveigh against] [passive of] invehere [to carry in] 拉丁语 invehī [以言语攻击，猛烈抨击] invehere的被动语态动词 [带入] |
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