| 单词 | 被处死 |
| 释义 | 〔Zinoviev〕Soviet politician. A close colleague of Lenin, he shared power with Kamenev and Stalin after Lenin's death (1924). Joining Trotsky and Kamenev in opposition to Stalin, he was expelled from the party (1927) and was ultimately executed during a Stalinist purge.季诺维也夫，格里高利·伊夫塞耶维奇：(1883-1936) 苏联政治家，列宁亲密的战友，在列宁死后(1924年），与加米涅夫和斯大林共同执政，因加入反对斯大林的托洛茨基和加米涅夫一派，被开除出党(1927年）,最后在斯大林清党中被处死〔Alexandra〕Last czarina of Russia (1894-1917). The wife of Nicholas II, she was influenced by Rasputin and meddled in politics. After the Bolshevik revolution, she and her family were imprisoned and executed.亚历山德拉：俄罗斯末代沙皇之妻（1894-1917年）。作为尼古拉二世的妻子，她受到了拉斯普廷的影响并参与了政治活动。布尔什维克革命后与其家人一同被捕入狱，后被处死〔Sacco〕Italian-born American anarchist who with Bartolomeo Vanzetti was convicted of a double murder and sentenced to death (1921). Despite the circumstantial nature of the evidence against them and worldwide protest at the political overtones of the proceedings, the two were executed in 1927.萨柯，尼古拉：(1891-1927) 意大利裔美国无政府主义者，与巴托洛梅奥·万泽蒂一起因被控双重谋杀而判死刑(1921年）。尽管详尽的证据利于他们并且世界广泛抗议出于政府偏见的判决，两人还是在1927年被处死〔Ball〕English social agitator who was executed for his role in the Peasants' Revolt (1381).鲍尔，约翰：(卒于 1381) 英国社会鼓动家，因参与“农民起义”（1381年）而被处死〔Raleigh〕English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he campaigned in Ireland and Cádiz, explored Guiana, colonized Virginia, and introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. His literary works include poetry, memoirs, and a world history.罗利，沃尔特：(1552?-1618) 英国大臣，航海家，殖民者，作家。他是伊丽莎白一世的宠臣，曾在爱尔兰和卡迪兹活动，考察了圭亚那，在弗吉尼亚州移民，把烟草和马铃薯传入欧洲。詹姆斯一世时被判为叛国罪，获释后又到圭亚那进行了一次远征，远征失败而被处死。他的文学著作包括诗歌、回忆录和世界历史〔Beria〕Soviet secret police chief (1938-1953) during the brutal regime of Joseph Stalin. In the power struggle following Stalin's death, Beria was convicted of conspiracy and executed.贝里亚，拉夫连季·帕夫洛维奇：(1899-1953) 在斯大林暴政期间的苏联秘密警察局局长（1938-1953年）。在斯大林死后的权力斗争中，贝里亚被判有阴谋罪并被处死〔Rosenberg〕American spy who with his wife,Ethel (1915-1953), was convicted of helping pass information concerning nuclear weaponry to the Soviets. Despite questions concerning the fairness of their trial and international pleas for clemency, the couple was executed. 罗森伯格，尤里乌斯：(1918-1953) 美国间谍，和他的妻子艾塞尔 (1915-1953年）被指控向苏联传送有关核武器方面的情报。尽管有人对他们审判的公正性提出质疑，且国际上也恳请对他们以宽大处理，但这对夫妇仍被处死 〔Strafford〕English politician who was the principal minister to Charles I. He was convicted of treason by Parliament and was executed.斯特拉福德：英国政治家，查理一世的首相他被议会定为叛国罪并被处死〔Socrates〕Greek philosopher who initiated a question-and-answer method of teaching as a means of achieving self-knowledge. His theories of virtue and justice have survived through the writings of Plato, his most important pupil. Socrates was tried for corrupting the minds of Athenian youth and subsequently put to death (399).苏格拉底：希腊哲学家，首创了问答工教学方法，作为获得认识自我的一种方法。他关于道德和正义的理论，通过柏拉图（他最著名的学生）的著作而得以流传下来。苏格拉底因被指控毒害雅典年轻人的头脑而受到审判，并因此被处死（公元前339年）〔Fawkes〕English conspirator executed for his role in the Gunpowder Plot, an attempt to kill James I and blow up Parliament on November 5, 1605, to avenge the persecution of Roman Catholics in England.福克斯，盖伊：(1570-1606) 英国阴谋家，因参与黑色火药阴谋而被处死，此阴谋计划在1605年11月5日刺杀詹姆斯一世并使议会崩溃，以报复英国罗马天主教的迫害〔Howard〕English poet and soldier remembered for his sonnets and his translations of two books of Virgil'sAeneid. In 1547 he was falsely charged with treason and executed. 霍华德，亨利：(1517?-1547) 英国诗人及士兵，因他的十四行诗和他所翻译的两卷维吉尔的《伊尼亚特》 而著名。1547年，他被误判犯有叛国罪而被处死 〔Yamashita〕Japanese general who commanded troops in northern China, Malasia, and Singapore during World War II. He was executed for war crimes.山下，奉文：(1885-1946) 日本大将，二战期间曾在中国北部、马来西亚和新加坡指挥军队，后作为战犯而被处死〔Bhutto〕Pakistani politician who formed the Pakistan People's Party (1967) and became president (1971) and prime minister (1973). In 1977 he was deposed by a coup d'état and later executed.布托，朱尔费卡·阿利：(1928-1979) 巴基斯坦政治家，1967年创立巴基斯坦人民党，1917年任总统，1973年任总理。1977年因政变免职，后被处死〔Ridley〕English prelate who was executed for refusing to renounce his Protestantism after the accession of the Roman Catholic Mary I.里得雷，尼古拉：(1500?-1555) 英国高级教士，在罗马天主教玛丽一世继位以后，他因拒绝放弃他的新教教义而被处死〔Warsaw〕The capital of Poland, in the east-central part of the country on the Vistula River. Founded in the 13th century, it replaced Cracow as Poland's capital in 1596. Warsaw was ruled by Russia as an independent kingdom (1815-1917) and became capital of Poland again in 1918. Most of the city's Jewish residents were executed during the German occupation in World War II. Warsaw was rebuilt after 1945 and is today a major cultural, commercial, and industrial center. Population, 1,649,000.华沙：波兰首都，位于该国中西部，维斯杜拉河畔。建于13世纪，1596年该城取代克拉科夫而成为波兰首都。作为一个独立王国，华沙于1815-1917年处于俄国统治之下，1918年又成为波兰首都。该城大部分犹太居民都于二战中德军占领期间被处死。1945年之后，华沙得到重建，现在为一主要文化、商业和工业中心。人口1,649,000〔Servetus〕Spanish-born theologian and physician who described the circulation of blood. His denial of the doctrine of the Trinity led to his execution for heresy.斯文特斯，迈克尔：(1511-1553) 西班牙裔神学家和医生，他描述了血液循环。因对三位一体论的否定的“异端学说”而被处死〔Rizal〕Philippine national leader and writer. Having been exiled (1892-1896) for his political novels, he was arrested on his return, charged with sedition, and executed, an act that precipitated an insurrection against Spanish rule (1896-1898).黎刹，若斯：(1861-1896) 菲律宾民族领袖和作家。因其政治小说遭流放(1892-1896年），他在回国后被逮捕，以煽动叛乱罪被处死，该事件加速了反抗西班牙统治的起义(1896-1898年）〔Lavoisier〕French chemist who is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry. He isolated the major components of air, disproved the phlogiston theory by determining the role of oxygen in combustion, and organized the classification of compounds. Lavoisier was executed during the Reign of Terror.拉瓦锡，安托万·洛朗：(1743-1794) 法国化学家，被认为是现代化学的奠基人。他分离出空气中的主要成分，证明了氧气在燃烧中所起的作用从而否定了燃素理论，并把化合物进行了分类。拉瓦锡在恐怖统治时期被处死〔Howard〕Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII (1540-1542). She was accused of adultery and subsequently executed.霍华德，凯瑟琳：(1520?-1542) 英国皇后，亨利八世的第五位妻子(1540年-1542年），她被控犯有通奸罪后被处死〔Laud〕English prelate who as archbishop of Canterbury (1633-1645) was a strident supporter of Charles I and absolutism in church and state. His attempts to impose High Church doctrine on Protestants in Scotland and England led to his imprisonment and execution for treason by Parliament.劳德，威廉：(1573-1645) 英国高级教士，在他担任坎特伯雷大主教期间(1633-1645年）曾是查理一世的忠诚支持者，是宗教上和政治上的专制主义者。他企图把高教派教义强加给苏格兰和英格兰新教徒的尝试把他送进了牢狱，并以背叛国会罪被处死 |
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