| 单词 | 被放逐 |
| 释义 | 〔proscription〕The condition of having been proscribed; outlawry.被放逐：被放逐的状况；被放逐〔Sakharov〕Soviet physicist and dissident who helped develop the first Soviet hydrogen bomb. An outspoken advocate of human rights and nuclear disarmament, he won the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize and was banished to Gorky from 1980 to 1986.萨哈罗夫，安德烈·迪米特里耶维奇：(1921-1989) 苏联物理学家，持不同政见者，参与制造苏联第一颗氢弹，人权的鼓吹者，要求解除核威胁，于1975年获诺贝尔和平奖，从1980年至1986年被放逐到高尔基〔Ezra〕A Hebrew high priest of the fifth centuryb.c. who led many Jews back to Jerusalem after their Babylonian exile. 以斯拉：公元前 5世纪的希伯来人大祭司，在犹太人被放逐到巴比伦以后把他们领回耶路撒冷 〔outlaw〕The wordoutlaw brings to mind cattle rustlers and gunslingers of the Wild West, but it comes to us from a much earlier time,when guns were not yet inventedbut cattle stealing was.Outlaw can be traced back to the Old Norse word ūtlagr, "outlawed, banished,” made up ofūt, "out,” and lög, "law.” Anūtlagi (derived from ūtlagr ) was someone outside the protection of the law. The Scandinavians, who invaded and settled in England during the 8th through the 11th century, gave us the Old English wordūtlaga, which designated someone who because of criminal acts must give up his property to the crown and could be killed without recrimination.The legal status of the outlaw became less severe over the course of the Middle Ages.However, the looser use of the word to designate criminals in general, which arose in Middle English, lives on in tales of the Wild West.单词outlaw 使人联想到美国西部的偷牛贼和持枪歹徒， 然而在此之前很早这词就已存在了，那时枪还没有发明出来，但已有偷牛贼了。Outlaw 可溯源到古斯堪的纳维亚语 utlagr， 意为“非法的，被放逐的”， 由ut 意为“在…外”和 log 意为“法律”组成。 Utlagi （从 utlagr 衍生而来）形容不受法律保护的人。 在8世纪到11世纪间侵略并定居于英格兰的斯堪的纳维亚人创造了古英语词utlaga， 指由于犯罪行为而必须把财产献给皇家并且即使被杀死也不能反诉。在中世纪时期被放逐者的法律地位不如以前那么严格了。然而中世纪英语中兴起的命名罪犯总称的这种宽松用法在美国西部的传说中仍然存在〔Selkirk〕Scottish sailor who was marooned (1704-1709) on an island off Chile and is thought to have inspired Daniel Defoe'sRobinson Crusoe (published 1719). 塞尔寇克，亚历山大：(1676-1721) 苏格兰水手，曾于1704年至1709年被放逐到靠近智利海岸的一个孤岛上，据信此地激发了丹尼尔·迪佛创作《鲁滨逊漂流记》 的灵感（出版于1719年） 〔maroon〕A person who is marooned, as on an island.被放逐者：被放逐在荒岛上的人 |
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