| 单词 | 裁判 |
| 释义 | 〔judgment〕awaited the judgment of the umpire.等待裁判的意见〔umpire〕Middle English (an) oumpere [(an) umpire] 中古英语 (an) oumpere [（一位）裁判] 〔judiciary〕from iūdex iūdic- [judge] * see judge 源自 iūdex iūdic- [审判，判断，裁判] * 参见 judge〔affidavit〕A written declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized officer.宣誓书：在公证人或其他裁判官员面前经宣誓而立下的书面声明〔judge〕To act as one appointed to decide the winners of:裁判，裁决：作为被指定的裁判决定……的优胜者：〔nod〕The contestant got the nod from the judges.选手从裁判那获得了同意的信号〔public〕Open to the knowledge or judgment of all:众所周知的：所有人都知道的或公开裁判的：〔judge〕To act or decide as a judge.裁定，裁判：作为法官行事或做决定〔judgment〕The act or process of judging; the formation of an opinion after consideration or deliberation.判断，审判，裁判：判断、审判、裁判的行为或过程；在考虑或商议之后形成某个观点〔adjudge〕To award (damages, for example) by law.裁定，裁判：通过法律判给（例如，赔偿）〔umpirage〕The position, function, or authority of an umpire.裁判的职位，作用或权力〔judgmental〕Of, relating to, or dependent on judgment:判断的，审判的，裁判的，或取决于判断、审判、裁判的：〔judicable〕from Latin iūdicāre [to judge] * see judge 源自 拉丁语 iūdicāre [判断，审判，裁判] * 参见 judge〔umpire〕The anguished, hostile cry "Kill the ump" could have been "kill the nump" had it not been for the linguistic process known as false splitting or juncture loss.In the case ofumpire we can almost see the process in action if we study the Middle English Dictionary entry for noumpere, the Middle English ancestor of our word. Noumpere comes from the Old French nonper, made up ofnon, "not,” and per, "equal,” as is someone who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people; that is, the arbiter is not paired with one of them.In Middle English the earliest recorded form isnoumper (about 1350). The earliest dated form without ann in the entry is owmpere ( a Middle English variant spelling),in a text composed in 1440.How then was lost can be seen if we compare the sequence a noounpier in a text written in 1426-1427 with the sequence an Oumper from a text written probably around 1475. Then of noumpere became attached to the indefinite article, giving usan instead of a and, eventually,umpire instead of .numpire. 要不是因为被称为假分裂或失去连音的语言学过程，"Kill the ump"（杀掉裁判）这样痛苦，仇恨的呐喊可能会成为"kill the nmup"。在umpire 这一例子中，如果我们研究一下 中古英语词典 中 noumpere 这一词条，即该词在中古英语中的原型，便会了解这一语言学现象的过程。 Noumpere 来自于古法语 nonper， 由non, “不”，和 per, “平等的”组成，表示一个应要求就两人之间的争议做出仲裁的人； 也就是说，不与任何一人合作的公断人。中古英语的最先记录形式是noumper （约1350年）。 词条中没有n 的最早形式是 owmpere ( 中古英语的变体拼写），出现于1440年所做的一篇文章。通过比较两个顺序可以看出n 是我们被省略的：一个是 a noounpier ，出现于写于1426年至1427年间的一篇文章；另一个是 an Oumper 摘自可能写于1475年的文章。 noumpere 中的 n 变得和不定冠词连在一起， 成为an 而非 n ， 最后就出现了umpire 而不是 ·numpire 〔parole〕a parole board; parole violations.假释裁判委员会；触犯假释〔judicator〕from Latin iūdicāre [to judge] * see judge 源自 拉丁语 iūdicāre [判断，审判，裁判] * 参见 judge〔absolute〕Of, relating to, or being a word, phrase, or construction that is isolated syntactically from the rest of a sentence, asthe referee having finally arrived in The referee having finally arrived, the game began. 独立的，分离的：在句法上与句子其它部分相分离的一个单词、词组或结构，如：裁判最终到了 在 裁判终于到了，比赛开始了 之中 〔judicious〕from iūdex iūdic- [judge] * see judge 源自 iūdex iūdic- [判断，审判，裁判] * 参见 judge〔panel〕A group of people gathered to plan or discuss an issue, judge a contest, or act as a team on a radio or television quiz program.专门小组：聚在一起策划或讨论一个问题、裁判一场比赛或在无线电台或电视台小测验节目中充当一个队的一群人〔judicial〕from iūdex iūdic- [judge] * see deik- 源自 iūdex iūdic- [判断，审判，裁判] * 参见 deik- 〔judgment〕from jugier [to judge] 源自 jugier [判断，审判，裁判] 〔umpire〕To be or act as a referee or an arbitrator.成为或做为一裁判或仲裁人〔single〕You must judge the contest with a single eye.你必须专心作这场比赛的裁判 |
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