| 单词 | 解剖学 |
| 释义 | 〔Buffon〕French naturalist whose monumentalHistoire Naturelle (36 volumes, 1749-1788; 8 additional volumes completed by assistants and published in 1804) laid the foundation for later studies in biology, zoology, and comparative anatomy. 布丰，乔治斯·路易斯·勒克莱尔·德：(1707-1788) 法国博物学家，他的经典著作《自然史》 （36卷，1749-1788年）；另外8卷由助手完成，1804年出版为以后的植物学，动物学和比较解剖学的研究奠定了基础 〔Eustachio〕Italian anatomist. A founder of modern anatomy, he is noted for his descriptions of the human ear and heart.埃乌斯塔乔，巴托洛米奥：(1520-1574) 意大利解剖学家，现代解剖学的创始人，以其对人耳和心脏的描述而著称〔anatomist〕An expert in or a student of anatomy.解剖学专家，解剖学学生〔atrial〕Of or relating to an anatomical atrium.心房的：解剖学中心房的，或与其相关的〔quiz〕Although we do not know the origin of the wordquiz, just as we may not know the answers to all the questions on a quiz,we can say that its first recorded sense has to do with people,not tests.The term, first recorded in 1782,meant "an odd or eccentric person.”From the noun in this sense came a verbmeaning "to make sport or fun of" and "to regard mockingly.”In English dialects and probably in American Englishthe verbquiz acquired senses relating to interrogation and questioning. This presumably occurredbecausequiz was associated with question, inquisitive, or perhaps the English dialect verb quiset, "to question" (probably itself short for obsoleteinquisite, "to investigate"). From this new area of meaning came the noun and verb senses all too familiar to students.The second recorded instance of the noun sense occurs in the writings of no less an educator than William James,who in a December 26, 1867, letter proffers the hopethat "perhaps giving ‘quizzes’ in anatomy and physiology . . . may help along.”虽然我们不知道quiz 这个词的来源， 正象我们可能并不清楚测试中所有问题的答案一样，但我们可以肯定的是这个词最初被记录时的意义与人有关，而不是测试，这个词第一次被记录下来是在1782年，意思为“一个古怪或行为怪诞的人”。从这种意义的名词派生出一个动词，意思为“嘲笑或戏弄…”和“以嘲讽的态度对待”。在英语并且很可能是在美国英语中，quiz 这个动词形成了有关审问或提问的意思， 据猜测，这一现象的发生是因为quiz 使人联想起 question ， inquisitive 或者可能 quiset 这个英国方言中的动词， 意思为“提问”（很可能是inquisite 这个过时用语的缩写形式，意思为“调查”）。 从这个意思中派生出学生们再熟悉不 过的名词和动词意思。记录下这个名词意义的第二个例子恰好出现在教育家威廉·詹姆斯的笔下。在1867年12月26日写的一封信中，他提出一条希望：或许在解剖学和物理学方面进行测试…可能有些独特的帮助。”〔adnexa〕Accessory or adjoining anatomical parts, as ovaries and oviducts in relation to the uterus.附件：附属的或邻接的解剖学部分，如与子宫相连的卵巢与输卵管〔somatology〕The physiological and anatomical study of the body.躯体学：对躯体的生理学研究或解剖学研究〔neuroanatomy〕The branch of anatomy that deals with the nervous system.神经解剖学：有关神经系统的解剖学分支〔osteology〕The branch of anatomy that deals with the structure and function of bones.骨骼学：研究骨的结构和功能的解剖学的分支〔profess〕"I profess both to learn and to teach anatomy, not from books but from dissections"(William Harvey)“我确认在学习和讲授解剖学中都不能靠书本，而应靠解剖标本”(威廉·哈维)〔Vesalius〕Flemish anatomist and surgeon who is considered the founder of modern anatomy. His major work,On the Structure of the Human Body (1543), was based on meticulous dissection of cadavers. 维塞利亚斯，安德烈亚斯：(1514-1564) 佛兰德斯解剖学家和外科大夫，是现代解剖学的奠基人，他的主要作品《人体结构》 （1543年）建立在对尸体进行细致的解剖基础上 〔anatomy〕The science of the shape and structure of organisms and their parts.解剖学：研究有机物及组成部分形状和结构的科学〔Malpighi〕Italian anatomist who was the first to use a microscope in the study of anatomy and discovered the capillary system.马尔皮基，马尔切罗：(1628-1694) 意大利解剖学家，是第一个将显微镜用于解剖学研究的人，发现了毛细血管循环系统〔rhinology〕The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nose.鼻科学：鼻子的解剖学、生理学及病理学〔bionic〕Having anatomical structures or physiological processes that are replaced or enhanced by electronic or mechanical components.仿生替代增强：通过电子或机械部件取代或增强的解剖学结构或生理过程的〔Cuvier〕French naturalist who is considered the founder of comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology.居维叶，乔治斯·莱奥波尔德·克雷蒂安·弗雷德里克·达戈贝尔特：(1769-1832) 法国自然学家，他被认为是比较解剖学以及脊椎动物古生物学的创始者〔Holmes〕American physician and writer. A professor of anatomy and physiology at Harvard (1847-1882), he wrote humorous conversational pieces, includingThe Autocrat of the Breakfast Table (1858). 霍姆斯，奥利弗·温德尔：(1809-1894) 美国医生和作家，哈佛的解剖学及生理学教授(1847-1882年），他写过一些幽默的会谈式文章，其中有《早餐桌上的独裁者》 （1858年） |
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