| 单词 | 认为 |
| 释义 | 〔sly〕"You think he's open and blunt—he's as sly as a mink" (George W. Cable).“你认为他诚实而坦率——他（实际上）狡猾得像只臭鼬” （乔治·W·凯布尔）。〔Kandinsky〕Russian abstract painter who considered form and color capable of expression. A founder of Blau Reiter, a German group of abstract expressionists, he also taught at the Bauhaus School (1922-1933).康丁斯基，瓦斯利：(1866-1944) 俄国抽象派画家，认为形状和色彩都能表达感情。他是德国一个抽象派表现主义团体青骑士的创始人之一，曾在包浩斯学院任教（1922-1933年）〔Weil〕French philosopher and mystic who viewed suffering as a means of unity with God. Her works includeWaiting for God, published posthumously. 魏尔，西蒙尼：(1909-1943) 法国哲学家和神秘主义者，她认为受苦是一种与上帝结合的方式。她的作品包括她死后发表的《等待上帝》 〔Sacramentarian〕One who regards the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist as only the metaphorical, and not the physical, body and blood of Jesus.圣礼象征主义论者：认为圣餐面包和酒只是象征性的而非耶稣的真正身躯和血液的人〔if〕Note also that the presence of the modal verbwould in the main clause should not be taken as a sign that the verb in the if clause must be in the subjunctive, if the content of that clause is not presupposed to be false: 另须注意，在主句中使用情态动词would 并不表明 if 从句中一定使用虚拟语气，因为从句的内容并不一定原先就认为是错误的： 〔Laundromat〕"pointed to a laundromat and a restaurant as viable businesses"(Alaska Business Monthly)"A car veered out of control and hit him and his mother as they left a Brooklyn laundromat"(New York Times)“认为自助洗衣业和餐饮业是可望成功的行业”(阿拉斯加商业月刊)“当他和母亲离开布鲁克林一家自助洗衣店时被一辆失去控制的汽车撞伤了”(纽约时报)〔sin〕Something regarded as being shameful, deplorable, or utterly wrong.See Synonyms at offense 过失：被认为可耻的、可悲的或完全错误的行为 参见 offense〔racism〕The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others.种族主义：认为人的性格或能力的差异是由种族造成的和有某一种族高于其它种族的观念〔Averno〕A small crater lake of southern Italy near the Tyrrhenian Sea west of Naples. Because of its gloomy aspect and intense sulfuric vapors, now extinguished, the ancient Romans regarded it as the entrance to the underworld.阿弗尔诺，阿韦尔努斯：意大利南部那不勒斯以西第勒尼安海附近的一座小火山口湖。因其灰暗的外观和强烈的硫磺蒸气，现在已不存在，古罗马人认为它是地狱的入口〔Rudolf〕Austrian crown prince. The controversially liberal heir to Francis Joseph I, he was found dead with his mistress in Mayerling, his hunting lodge near Vienna. Officially deemed a double suicide, the suspicious event was never fully investigated.鲁道夫：奥地利王储。弗朗西斯·约瑟夫一世有争议的自由主义继承人，在其维也纳附近的狩猎住所梅耶林被人发现和其情人的尸体。官方认为是两人同时自杀，这件可疑案件并未彻底调查过〔Beard〕American historian and educator who explored the economic aspects of history in works such asAn Economic Interpretation of the Constitution (1913). His view that the document was based on its formulators' economic self-interests profoundly affected the study of American history. 比尔德，查尔斯·奥斯丁：(1874-1948) 美国历史学家和教育家，其著作从历史的角度研究经济问题，如《美国宪法的经济学注释》 （1913年）。他认为该文件是建立于制宪者们自身的经济利益基础上的观点，深刻影响了美国的历史研究 〔externalize〕To project or attribute (inner conflicts or feelings) to external circumstances or causes.认为…由于外因：把（内在冲突或情感）归因于外部环境或外因〔coin〕A mode of expression considered standard:表现方式：认为是标准的表达方式：〔secularism〕The view that religious considerations should be excluded from civil affairs or public education.宗教与教育分离论：一种认为宗教信仰应与民事或公共教育相分离的观点〔pope〕A person considered to have unquestioned authority:大师：被认为具有不容置疑的权威的人：〔consensus〕Many grammarians have maintained that the expressionconsensus of opinion is redundant, inasmuch asconsensus itself denotes a judgment about which there is general agreement. Consensus of opinion has often been used by reputable writers, however, and has sometimes been defended on the grounds that a consensus may involve attitudes other than opinions;thus, one may speak of aconsensus of beliefs, or a consensus of usage. Nonetheless, the qualifying phrase can usually be omitted with no loss of clarity.The sentenceIt was the consensus of opinion among the sportswriters that the game should not have been played says nothing that is not said by 许多语法学家都认为短语consensus of opinion 这个说法是罗唆的， 因为consensus 本身就表示一种得到大多数同意的意见。 然而consensus of opinion 仍常常被知名作家所使用， 并且有时人们会辩解说它除了意见上的一致外可能还包括态度上的一致；因此，我们可以说consensus of beliefs（信仰一致） 或 consensus of usage（用法一致）。 尽管这样，限定性短语通常可以被省略而不会使表达不清楚。如体育新闻记者们的一致意见是这场比赛本不应该进行的 这个句子并不比 〔genteelism〕A word or an expression thought by its user to be more refined than another, as inexpectorate for spit. 雅语：使用者认为是比别的更为高雅的词或表达方式，例如用 expectorate 代替 spit. 〔armpit〕"I think of PCP as the armpit of drugs. It is dirty, explosive, poisonous"(Ray Brett)“我认为天使尘是药物中最令人厌恶的东西。它脏，易爆，有毒”(雷·布雷特)〔intelligence〕Espionage agents, organizations, and activities considered as a group:情报工作：认为是一组间谍机构，组织和活动：〔bump〕One of the natural protuberances on the human skull, considered to have significance in phrenology.头骨隆起：人头盖骨的正常凸起，在骨相学上被认为有重要的意义〔materialize〕In its original sensesmaterialize is used intransitively to mean "to assume material form,” as inMarley's ghost materialized before Scrooge's eyes, or transitively to mean "to cause to assume material form,” as inDisney materialized his dream in a plot of orchard land in Orange County. But these uses are probably less common nowadays than two extended senses of the intransitive sense of the verb.In the first the meaning is roughly "to appear suddenly,”as inNo sooner had we set the menu down than a waiter materialized at our table. Some critics have labeled this use incorrect,but the criticism may suggest an overliteralism;used in this way,the verb has the sense "to appear as if by magic.”Materialize also means "to take effective shape, come into existence,” particularly as applied to things or events that have been foreseen or anticipated: materialize 的最初含义是作为不及物动词时意思是“具有物质形式，” 例如在玛雷的鬼魂在斯克鲁奇眼前显现了 一句中或作及物动词时意思是“使具有物质形式，” 例如在迪斯尼在奥兰治郡的一块果园实现了他的梦想 中。 但是现在这两种用法也许不如该词作为不及物动词的两种延伸的用法更为常见。第一种用法的大致意思是指“突然出现，”例如在我们刚放下菜单不久，侍者就突然出现在我们的饭桌旁 中。 一些批评家认为这种用法不准确，但是这种批评未免太拘泥于字面意思；同样这种用法下，该词还有“仿佛由于魔力而出现”的意思。Materialize 还有“显形，显效，出现”的含义， 尤其适用在已经预料到或被期望的事物。 〔right〕Many view gainful employment as a birthright. 许多人认为能获得职业是与生俱来的权利 〔worm〕A person regarded as pitiable or contemptible.被认为可怜或可鄙的人〔undesirable〕"men tentatively regarded as scoundrels—or at least as undesirables"(New York)“暂时认为是无赖或至少是不受欢迎的人”(纽约)〔schlep〕A person regarded as clumsy or stupid.被认为笨拙或愚蠢的人〔rune〕A similar character in another alphabet, sometimes believed to have magic powers.神秘性的字母：另外的字母表中的类似字母，有时被认为具有魔力〔indifferentism〕The belief that all religions are of equal validity.冷淡主义：认为所有宗教具有相同的正确性〔bad〕Bad is often used as an adverb in sentences such asThe house was shaken up pretty bad orWe need water bad. This usage is common in informal speechbut is widely regarded as unacceptable in formal writing.In an earlier survey,the sentenceHis tooth ached so bad he could not sleep was unacceptable to 92 percent of the Usage Panel. · The use ofbadly with want, once considered incorrect,is now entirely acceptable: Bad 在句子中常用作副词， 如这座房子摇晃得很厉害， 或是我们非常需要水。 在非正式演讲中这一用法很普遍，但在正式书面语中广泛地被认为不能接受。在早期的调查中，句子他牙疼得厉害以致睡不着觉。 对于92%的用法小组成员来说是不能接受的。badly 和 want 连用的用法， 曾经被认为是不正确的，现在则完全被接受： 〔Adlerian〕Of, relating to, or being a psychological school based on the belief that behavior arises in subconscious efforts to compensate for inferiority or deficiency and that neurosis results from overcompensation.阿德勒学派的：属于、关于或是基于认为，行为产生于弥补低等或缺陷的潜意识努力以及神经官能病产生于过多补偿的心理学派的〔fortuitous〕In its best-established sense,fortuitous means "happening by accident or chance,” with no implication as to the desirability of the outcome:a fortuitous meeting may have either fortunate or unfortunate consequences. In this century, however, the word is often used with particular reference to happy accidents,as inThe company's third-quarter profits were enhanced as the result of a fortuitous drop in the cost of RAM chips. This use may have arisenbecausefortuitous resembles both fortunate and felicitous; it is well established in the writing of reputable authors.More controversial is the use offortuitous to mean simply "lucky or fortunate,” as inHe came to the Giants in June as the result of a fortuitous trade that sent two minor-league players to the Reds' organization. This use dates back at least to the 1920's,when H.W. Fowler labeled it a malaproprism.It is still widely regarded as incorrect,and writers who are unwilling to risk censure are advised to avoid it.从最公认的意义上说，fortuitous 的意思是“偶然发生的”， 不暗示结果是否称心：临时会议 可以有好或坏的结果。 然而在本世纪这个词常用于专指好的事件，如内存条价格的意外下降导致了公司第三季度利润的增加。 这种用法可能出现，因为fortuitous 类似于 fortunate 和 felicitous； 它用于有名望的作家的写作中。更有争论的用法是fortuitous 的含义为“幸运的或好运的”时， 如一次幸运的送两名小社团的运动员去红色组织的交易使他在六月去了巨人国。 这种用法至少可追溯到20世纪20年代，当时H.W.弗劳尔把它标作一个可笑的用法错误。现在这种用法仍被广泛地认为是错误的，建议不愿冒险受指责的作者避免使用〔hylozoism〕The philosophical doctrine holding that all matter has life, which is a property or derivative of matter.物活论：认为所有的物质都有生命，生命是物质的财富或属性的哲学思想〔control〕A spirit presumed to speak or act through a medium.附体鬼魂：被认为会通过一个中间人（或物）来说话或行事的鬼魂〔lion〕A person regarded as fierce or ferocious.凶暴的人：被认为暴躁或凶狠之人〔booby〕A person regarded as stupid.傻瓜：被认为愚蠢的人〔Pyramus〕A Babylonian youth who committed suicide when he mistakenly thought his lover Thisbe was dead.皮拉摩斯：巴比伦王国的一个年轻人，当他错误地认为他的爱人提斯柏已经死了时而自杀了〔subjunctive〕Of, relating to, or being a mood of a verb used in some languages for contingent or hypothetical action, action viewed subjectively, or grammatically subordinate statements.虚拟的：属于、有关或构成一种或一组动词形式的，这种形式是用来说明被表示的行为或状态不是事实，而是思想上认为是可能发生的，或带着某些情感来看待的事情〔sensualism〕The ethical doctrine that the pleasures of the senses are the highest good.快乐论，享乐主义：认为感官的快乐是最好的一种伦理学学说〔runic〕Runic The Germanic language of the oldest runic inscriptions from northern Europe, dating to between the third and sixth centuriesa.d., and considered by some to be close to or identical with the putative common ancestor of the North and West Germanic languages. Runic 北欧古字碑文：北欧最早古碑文上的日耳曼语，年代在公元 三世纪和六世纪之间，其被某些人认为与北部和西部日耳曼语的推定起源相近或相同 〔regard〕"I once thought you had a kind of regard for her" (George Borrow).“我以前曾认为你对她有些尊敬之意” （乔治·保罗）。〔pessimism〕The doctrine or belief that the evil in the world outweighs the good.悲观主义：认为世界上邪恶远远强于正义的主义和信念 |
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