| 单词 | 证明 |
| 释义 | 〔exhibit〕young musicians eager to exhibit their talent; a plant that exhibits dimorphism.年轻的音乐家急于证明他们的才能；植物显示出同种二形性〔probate〕from Latin probātum [neuter past participle of] probāre [to prove] * see prove 源自 拉丁语 probātum probāre的中性过去分词 [证明] * 参见 prove〔reflect〕To give evidence that (one) has acted in a given way:招致：证明（某人）以某种方式行动：〔confute〕To prove to be wrong or in error; refute decisively.驳倒：证明…是错误的或是谬误；果断地驳斥〔pleasure〕"Certified ‘masterpieces’ by dead composers, manipulated by charismatic star performers for the delectation of an increasingly passive and uninquisitive audience" (Will Crutchfield).“由已故作曲家所作的被证明的‘杰作’，由具有超凡魅力的明星演奏家为迎合越来越消极及缺乏好奇心的观众的欢乐而演奏” （威尔·克拉奇菲尔德）。〔seal〕A small disk or wafer of wax, lead, or paper bearing such an imprint and affixed to a document to prove authenticity or to secure it.封缄：上有印章的圆形的小蜡片、铅片或纸片，附在文件后用来证明权威或保证文件的安全〔demonstrative〕Involving or characterized by demonstration.论证的：包含证明或以证明为特征的〔policy〕A written contract or certificate of insurance.保险单，保险契约：一张书面的保险契约或证明〔up〕"She upped and perjured her immortal soul"(Margery Allingham)“她突然起来为自己辩护，企图用做伪证来证明她的灵魂是不朽的。”(玛芝莉·阿林厄姆)〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔refute〕To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof:驳倒：证明是假的或错误的；通过论据或证据推翻：〔confirm〕The divorce validated my parents' original objection to the marriage). 我的离婚证明我父母当初反对这桩婚姻是正确的)。 〔attest〕testārī [to be witness] from testis [witness] * see trei- testārī [做证明] 源自 testis [证人，证据] * 参见 trei- 〔argue〕To attempt to prove by reasoning; maintain or contend:坚持，主张：列举证明极力列举理由以证明；坚持或主张：〔Lavoisier〕French chemist who is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry. He isolated the major components of air, disproved the phlogiston theory by determining the role of oxygen in combustion, and organized the classification of compounds. Lavoisier was executed during the Reign of Terror.拉瓦锡，安托万·洛朗：(1743-1794) 法国化学家，被认为是现代化学的奠基人。他分离出空气中的主要成分，证明了氧气在燃烧中所起的作用从而否定了燃素理论，并把化合物进行了分类。拉瓦锡在恐怖统治时期被处死〔defense〕An argument in support or justification of something.See Synonyms at apology 辩护：为支持或证明某事的正确性所作的争辩 参见 apology〔Anabaptist〕A member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation which believed in the primacy of the Bible, in baptism as an external witness of the believer's personal covenant of inner faith, and in separation of church from state and of believers from nonbelievers.再洗礼派教徒：16世纪宗教改革激进运动的成员，相信《圣经》的权威性，洗礼是对教徒个人内心信仰承诺的外部证明，主张政教分离、信徒和非信徒分离〔tried〕Thoroughly tested and proved to be good or trustworthy.可靠的，可信赖的：经过完全的考验而证明是好的或值得信任的〔fact〕had to prove the facts of the accident.不得不证明车祸的真实存在〔warrant〕A voucher authorizing payment or receipt of money.收付款凭单：证明偿还或收到钱的凭证〔credential〕That which entitles one to confidence, credit, or authority.证明：某人可以相信、信任或具有权力的证明〔invoke〕To appeal to or cite in support or justification.授引：提出或授引…以支持或证明〔token〕Something serving as an indication, a proof, or an expression of something else; a sign:标志：用于指示，证明或表示其它事物的东西；记号：〔seal〕To affix a seal to in order to prove authenticity or attest to accuracy, legal weight, quality, or another standard.盖章：盖章并以此证明其真实性或证明准确性、法定重量、质量或其他标准〔evidence〕To support by testimony; attest.证明：用证据证明；证实〔empirical〕empirical results that supported the hypothesis.证明假设成立的经验性结论〔authorize〕To be sufficient grounds for; justify.提供理由：使…有着充足的理由；证明〔depose〕To give a deposition; testify.宣誓证明：宣誓后给出证词；证明〔Chamberlain〕American physicist. He shared a 1959 Nobel Prize for demonstrating the existence of the antiproton.张伯伦，欧文：(生于 1920) 美国物理学家。因证明了反质子的存在而获1959年诺贝尔奖〔lifestyle〕Whenlifestyle began to gain wide currency a generation ago, a number of critics objected to it as voguish and superficial,perhaps because it appeared to elevate habits of consumption, dress, and recreation to a primary basis of social classification.Nonetheless, the word has proved durable and useful,if only because such categories doin fact figure importantly in the schemes that Americans commonly invoke in explaining social values and social behavior,whether appropriately or not,as in Rachel Brownstein's remark that 当life style 在上一代人中开始广泛使用时， 许多评论家认为这个词浅薄且只风行一时，因此反对它，这可能是因为它看上去把消费习惯、衣着和享乐上升为社会阶级划分的主要基点。但是，这个词证明是持久有用的，如果仅仅因为这些范畴，事实上确实成为美国人解释社会价值与社会行为时所采用的极其重要的标准，无论合适与否，例如在雷切尔·布朗斯坦的话中 〔instance〕An example that is cited to prove or invalidate a contention or illustrate a point.See Synonyms at example 例证：被引用于证明或驳斥某种论点或证明某种观点的例子 参见 example〔establish〕The defense attorneys established the innocence of the accused.那位辩护律师运用法律来证明被告是无罪的〔warranty〕Justification or valid grounds for an act or a course of action.依据：为某一行为或某项事业提供支持证明其有效之事（物、言辞等）〔Dumpster〕“[He] testified that he had seen the motorcycle parked for a number of days next to a trash dumpster" (Legal Times)“[The street is] lined with low-cost apartment buildings and strewn with blue dumpsters" (Chicago Tribune)“［他］ 证明他见过那辆摩托车在一个垃圾罐旁停了若干天，” (法律时代)“［街道］ 两旁排列着廉价公寓，散放着蓝色的垃圾罐” (芝加哥论坛报)〔ticket〕The resemblance in form between the wordsticket and etiquette is not accidental. Both words have the same ultimate source, Old Frenchestiquet, but each was borrowed into English at a different time and with a different meaning.Old Frenchestiquet meant "a note, label.” Having been changed in form toetiquet in French, the word was adopted into English in the 16th century (first recorded in 1528)in a form,tiket, without the initiale. The earliest uses of the word in English were in the senses "a short written notice,” "a notice posted in a public place,” and "a written certification.”The word is first recorded with reference to something like a ticket of admission in 1673.In French, meanwhile, the word (in the formetiquette in the 18th century) came to mean "ceremonial"; court ceremonies were noted down or labeled in a book known asl'étiquette. The French word was borrowed again into English, this time in its French form, which is first recorded in 1750.ticket 与 etiquette 这两个词在形式上相似并非偶然。 它们从根本讲都源于古法语中的estiquet 这个词， 但它们被借用到英语中的时间不同且意思也不一样。古法语中的estiquet 的意思是“注解，标签”， 它在法语中变成了etiquet ， 16世纪时它被吸收到了英语中（最早的文字记载是在1528年），形式是tiket, ， 没有了字首的e. 。 这个词在早期英语中的意思是“写得很短的通知”、“贴在公共场所的通告”和“文字证明”。这个词最早的文字记载意为1673年时使用的一种类似入场券的东西。同时在法语中，这个词(18世纪时的形式是etiquette )的意思是“仪式的”； 在一本叫I'etiqutte 的书里被记载为宫廷仪式。 最早的文字记载在1750年，这个法语词再一次被借用于英语，这次使用了它的法语形式〔Heyerdahl〕Norwegian ethnologist and explorer who led the Kon Tiki expedition (1947) on a raft across the Pacific Ocean from Peru to Tuamotu to demonstrate that Polynesians may be of South American origin. In 1970 he crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Morocco to Barbados in a papyrus boat to show that ancient Egyptians might have sailed to America.海尔达尔，托尔：(1914-2002) 挪威民族学家、探险家，曾于1947年发起探险乘坐木筏康·提基号从秘鲁出发横渡太平洋到达土木土，以证明波利尼西亚人或许来自南美洲。1970年他乘一艘纸莎草船从摩洛哥出发横渡大西洋到达巴巴多斯，以表明古代埃及人可能曾乘船到过美洲〔allege〕from esligier [to pay a fine, justify oneself] 源自 esligier [付罚金，证明自己无罪] 〔faith〕Belief that does not rest on logical proof or material evidence.See Synonyms at belief See Synonyms at trust 信仰：非基于逻辑或物质证明的坚定信念 参见 belief 参见 trust〔analysis〕The method of proof in which a known truth is sought as a consequence of a series of deductions from that which is the thing to be proved.解析：一种证明方法，即把已知事实作为将被证明的一系列演绎过程的结果〔discharge〕An official document certifying such release, especially from military service.退伍令：以书面形式证明解除的官方文件，尤指从军队退伍 |
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