| 单词 | 词形变化 |
| 释义 | 〔syntagmatic〕Of or relating to the relationship between linguistic units in a construction or sequence, as between the (n) and adjacent sounds innot, ant, and ton. The identity of a linguistic unit within a language is described by a combination of its syntagmatic and its paradigmatic relations. 结构段的，语段的：语言单位在句法结构或顺序上有关系的或与其相关的，如not, ant 和 ton 中的(n)与相邻发音。语言中语言单位特性可描述为其句法结构与词形变化关系的组合 〔supine〕A defective Latin verbal noun of the fourth declension, having very limited syntax and only two cases, an accusative in-tum or -sum and an ablative in -tū or -sū. The accusative form is sometimes considered to be the fourth principal part of the Latin verb. 动名词：第四词形变化的不完全变形拉丁动名词，其句法结构十分有限，只有两种格，宾格形式为-tum 或 -sum ，独立离格形式为 -tu 或 -su 。其宾格形式有时被认为是这个拉丁动词的第四主要部分 〔graffito〕The formgraffiti, based on the Italian plural, is far more common than the singular form graffito. Graffitiis often used as a singular noun. When the reference is to a particular inscription (as inThere was a bold graffiti on the wall ), the formgraffito would be etymologically correct but might strike some readers as pedantic outside an archaeological context.There is no substitute for the singular use ofgraffiti when the word is used as a mass noun to refer to inscriptions in general or to the related social phenomenon. The sentenceGraffiti is a major problem for the Transit Authority Police cannot be rewordedGraffito is . . . (since graffito can refer only to a particular inscription) or Graffiti are . . . , which suggests that the police problem involves only the physical marks and not the larger issue of vandalism.In such contexts,the use ofgraffiti as a singular is justified by both utility and widespread precedent. 基于意大利语的复数形式graffiti 远比单数形式 graffito更普遍。 Graffiti常用作单数名词。 当意指一特定涂鸦物（如在墙上有一处下流的涂鸦 中）， graffito 的形式在词形变化上是正确的， 但可能会在古文化语境外使一些人显得迂腐。graffiti 的单数作物质名词使用来指涂鸦的总称或相应的社会现象时，是没有替代词的。 句子：涂鸦是公共交通警察局遇到的主要难题 ， 不能用Graffito is … 来替换（因为 graffito 只能指一具体的涂鸦）或用 Graffiti are … 来替换， 因其意指警察的问题只涉及存在的标记而不是破坏公物的大问题。在这些语境中，graffiti 作为单数形式的使用是被广泛使用的先例所证实的 〔suppletion〕The use of an unrelated form to complete a paradigm, as the past tensewent of the verb go, goes, going, gone. 异于互补：使用无关形式来完成词形变化，如动词“去”go,goes,going,gone 的过去式 went 〔indeclinable〕Of, relating to, or being a word that lacks grammatical inflection though belonging to a form class whose members are usually inflected.无词形变化的：无语法形态变化的词或与其有关的，尽管通常该词所属类型的其他词都要发生语法形态的变化〔case〕A pattern of inflection of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives to express different syntactic functions in a sentence.词形变化形式：名词、代词和形容词在一个句子中表示不同的句法功能的词形屈折变化的形式〔declension〕In certain languages, the inflection of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in categories such as case, number, and gender.词形变化：某些语言中，名词，代词和形容词在格，数和性等方面的词形变化〔paradigmatic〕Of or relating to a paradigm.词形变化的：词形变化的或与其相关的〔inflect〕To give all of the inflected forms of a word; to provide a paradigm.词形变化形式：给出一个单词所有的屈折变化形式；提供词形变化表〔accidence〕The section of morphology that deals with the inflections of words.词形变化，词法：词法学中处理词的词形变化部分〔dive〕Eitherdove or dived is acceptable as the past tense of dive. Dived is actually the earlier form,and the emergence ofdove may appear anomalous in light of the general tendencies of change in English verb forms. Old English had two classes of verbs:strong verbs, whose past tense was indicated by a change in their vowel (a process that survives in such present-day English verbsasdrive/drove or fling/flung ); and weak verbs,whose past was formed with a suffix related to-ed in Modern English (as in present-day Englishlive/lived and move/moved ). Since the Old English period,many verbs have changed from the strong pattern to the weak one;for example, the past tense ofhelp, formerly healp, became helped, and the past tense ofstep, formerly stop, became stepped. Over the years, in fact, the weak pattern has become so prevalentthat we use the termregular to refer to verbs that form their past tense by suffixation of -ed. However, there have occasionally been changes in the other direction:the past tense ofwear, now wore, was once werede ; that ofspit, now spat, was once spitede ; and the development ofdove is an additional example of the small group of verbs that have swum against the historical tide. dove 或 dived 都可用作 dive的过去式形式。 Dived 实际上是早期词形，根据英语动词词形变化的趋势，dove 的出现似乎是不规则的。 古英语有两类动词：强式动词，其过去时形式由元音变化来体现（这一过程还存在于现代英语里，诸如drive/drove 或 fling/flung 等动词中）； 另一类为弱式动词，其过去时态形式由与现代英语-ed 后缀有关 （如现代英语中的live/lived 和 move/moved )。 自古英语时期以来，许多动词由强式变为弱式；例如help 的过去式形式以前为 healp ，已变为 helped ， step 的过去式由以前的 stop 变为 stepped 。 事实上，多年来弱式动词变得非常普遍，我们用术语规则动词 来指那些由加后缀 -ed 来构成过去式形式的动词， 然而偶尔也会向另一方向发生变化：wear 的过去形式现为 wore ，曾为 weared ； spit 的过去式现为 spat ，曾为 spitede ； dove 的发展是反历史潮流而动的一小组动词中的另外一小组动词的例子 〔inflection〕A pattern of forming paradigms, such as noun inflection or verb inflection.词形变化的规则：形成词形变化的种类，如名词屈折变化、动词屈折变化〔declension〕A class of words of one language with the same or a similar system of inflections, such as the first declension in Latin.词形变化中的一组静词：一种语言中的一类词，它们有相同或相似的词形变化系统，如拉丁语的第一词形变化〔ofay〕The commonly seen etymology ofofay —Pig Latin for foe —is perhaps of less interest than the more likely story of this word's origins. The word, which is first recorded in the first quarter of the 20th century,must have been in use much longer if it is, as some scholars think, borrowed from an African source.Although this source has not been pinned down,the suggested possibilities are in themselves interesting.One would trace it to the Ibibio wordafia, "white or light-colored.” Another would have it come from Yorubaofe, a word that was said in order to protect oneself from danger. The term was then transferred to white people,regarded as a danger to Black people throughout the wretched days of slavery and beyond.ofay 一词的最常见的词形变化是 foe ，一种儿童黑话说法——可能更有趣的是关于这个词来源的故事： 在20世纪前二十五年里有次记载，如果按一些学者们所想，如果它是从非洲借过来的，它被使用的时间应更长一些。虽然这个说法还没有定下来，但它蕴含的可能性本身就很有趣。人们可能将它追溯到一个伊比比奥词afia ，意思是“白色或浅色”。 另还有人将它追溯到约鲁巴语ofe ，这个词是为了保持自己，避开危险的意思。 此后这个术语被移用于白人，这些白人在奴隶制及以前的悲惨日子里，被认为是对黑人们的危险〔declension〕from Latin dēclīnātiō dēclīnātiōn- [grammatical declension, declination] * see declination 源自 拉丁语 dēclīnātiō dēclīnātiōn- [语法上的词形变化，衰微] * 参见 declination〔paradigm〕A list of all the inflectional forms of a word taken as an illustrative example of the conjugation or declension to which it belongs.词形变化表：一个作为其所在动词变形或词尾变形中的范例的单词的所有变形的形式表 |
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