| 单词 | 诗人 |
| 释义 | 〔Keats〕British poet considered among the greatest in English. His works, melodic and rich in classical imagery, include "The Eve of St. Agnes,” "Ode on a Grecian Urn,” and "To Autumn" (all 1819).济慈，约翰：(1795-1821) 英国最伟大的诗人之一，他的作品音调优美，古典意象丰富，包括“圣爱格妮斯之前夜”、希腊古瓮”和“秋颂”（均写于1819年）〔Cruz〕Mexican nun and poet noted for her love lyrics, courtly tributes, satires, and plays as well as theological writings on the role of women in the Roman Catholic church.克鲁斯，胡安娜·伊内斯·德·拉：墨西哥的修女及诗人，以其爱情诗、宫廷赞颂、讽刺作品、戏剧以及关于罗马天主教廷中女性角色的理论作品而闻名〔Moore〕Irish romantic poet. Many of his nostalgic and patriotic lyrics, such as "The Minstrel Boy,” were set to traditional Irish tunes.穆尔，托马斯：(1779-1852) 爱尔兰浪漫主义诗人，他的许多怀旧和爱国的抒情诗诸如“吟游的男孩”都带有传统的爱尔兰曲调〔Williams〕American poet whose verse is marked by a lucid, spare style and vivid observations of the everyday. His works includeCollected Poems (1934) and Paterson (1946-1958). 威廉斯，威廉·卡洛斯：(1883-1963) 美国诗人，他的诗具有明了易懂和不加渲染的风格，对于日常琐事观察生动。他的作品包括《诗集》 (1934年）和 《佩德森》 (1946-1958年） 〔Macpherson〕Scottish poet who claimed to have translated the works of Ossian, a third-century Gaelic poet and warrior. Although based on unauthenticated original texts, the translations influenced many writers.麦克弗森，詹姆斯：(1736-1796) 苏格兰诗人，自称翻译了3世纪盖尔族诗人、战士奥西恩的作品。尽管译文所依据的并非原始作者文本，仍然影响了许多作家〔Senghor〕Senegalese poet and politician who served (1960-1980) as the first president of Senegal following independence from France. The author of many volumes of poetry, he contributed to the development of the concept of negritude.桑戈尔，列坡尔德：塞内加尔诗人与政治家，在塞内加尔脱离法国而独立后，出任第一任总统。他创作了许多诗集，对黑人文化传统的认同这一概念的发展作出了贡献〔Hafiz〕Persian poet whose sensuous rhyming couplets, many of which concern love, wine, and nature, are traditionally interpreted allegorically by Sufic Moslems.哈菲兹：波斯诗人，其诗多为押韵华美的两行诗体，其中许多描写爱情，美酒和大自然，苏菲派穆斯林因循传统地对它们作了寓言式阐释〔Reese〕American poet and educator whose works includeA Handful of Lavender (1891) and White April (1930). 里斯，利兹特·伍德沃斯：(1856-1935) 美国诗人和编辑，作品包括《一捧薰衣草》 （1891年）和 《白色四月》 （1930年） 〔Maeterlinck〕Belgian writer of poetry, a wide variety of essays, and symbolic dramas, includingPelléas et Mélisande (1892). He won the 1911 Nobel Prize for literature. 梅特林克，莫里斯：(1862-1949) 比利时诗人，作品取材广泛的散文家和象征派戏剧作家，作品包括《普莱雅斯和梅丽桑德》 （1892年）。他获得了1911年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Pindar〕Greek lyric poet remembered especially for hisOdes. 品达：希腊田园诗诗人，尤以其《颂歌集》 而著称 〔Crashaw〕English metaphysical poet best known for his collection of religious verse,Steps to the Temple (1646). 克拉肖，理查德：(1613?-1649) 英国玄学派诗人，以他的宗教诗集《通向圣殿的台阶》 （1646年）而闻名 〔Ronsard〕French poet whose lyrical love poems, includingSonnets pour Hélène (1578), are considered his best works. 龙萨，皮尔·德：(1524-1585) 法国诗人，他的抒情爱情诗《给爱兰娜的十四行诗》 （1578年）等被看作是其最好的作品 〔Ramsay〕Scottish poet noted for his patriotic and pastoral works, including the dramaThe Gentle Shepherd (1725). 拉姆齐，阿伦：(1686-1758) 苏格兰诗人，以其爱国主义和田园风光的作品闻名，其中有戏剧《和善的牧羊人》 （1725年） 〔Brecht〕German poet and playwright who developed "epic drama,” a style that relies on the audience's reflective detachment rather than the production's atmosphere and action. His works includeThe Threepenny Opera (1928) and The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1948). 布莱希特，贝托尔特：(1898-1956) 德国诗人和戏剧家，发展“史诗戏剧”，他的作品系依靠观众的批判分析的反应而非作品的气氛和情节的风格。其作品包括《三分钱歌剧》 （1928年）和 《高加索灰阑记》 （1948年） 〔Cullen〕American poet whose collectionsColors (1926) and Copper Sun (1927) established him as a leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance. 卡伦，康提：(1903-1946) 美国诗人，他的诗集《有色人种》 （1926年）以及 《古铜色的太阳》 （1927年）使他成为哈莱姆文艺复兴中的领袖人物 〔anesthesia〕The following passage, written on November 21, 1846, by Oliver Wendell Holmes,a physician-poet and the father of the Supreme Court justice of the same name,allows us to pinpoint the entry ofanesthesia and anesthetic into English: "Every body wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give you a hint or two as to names—or the name—to be applied to the state produced and the agent. The state should, I think, be called ‘Anaesthesia’ [from the Greek word anaisthēsia, "lack of sensation"]. This signifies insensibility . . . The adjective will be ‘Anaesthetic.’ Thus we might say the state of Anaesthesia, or the anaesthetic state.”This citation is taken from a letter to William Thomas Green Morton,who in October of that year had successfully demonstrated the use of ether at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.Althoughanaesthesia is recorded in Nathan Bailey's Universal Etymological English Dictionary in 1721, it is clear that Holmes really was responsible for its entry into the language.TheOxford English Dictionary has several citations for anesthesia and anesthetic in 1847 and 1848, indicating that the words gained rapid acceptance.下面是奥立佛·万德·霍姆斯写于1846年11月21的一段话。作者是个诗人医生和与其同名的最高法庭法官的父亲。这段话能使我们断定anesthesia 和 anesthetic 进入英语的背景： “每个人都希望能够参与一次伟大的发现。我所要做的是告诉你一两个提示去命名，或能被应用于某种状态的名称。我认为这种状态应该被叫做Anaesthesia ［从希腊词anaisthesia “感觉缺失”发展而来］。 这个词表示无感觉…其形容词应该是‘Anaesthetic’。这样我们可以说感觉缺失的状态或感觉缺失”。这段话是从寄给威廉·托马斯·格林·莫顿的一封信上摘录下的，莫顿同年十月在波士顿的马萨诸塞总医院曾成功使用了醚。尽管南森·巴利于1721年把anaethesia 选入了 通用英语词源词典 ， 但是很显然是霍姆斯首先把这个词引入英语。牛津英语词典 上有几处引用了1847年和1848年有 anesthesia 和 anesthetic 的句子， 说明这两个词很快就被人们所接受〔poet〕Versifier, rhymer, andrhymester refer principally to minor or inferior poets: Versifier，rhymer 和rhymester 主要指不重要的诗人或次等的诗人： 〔Ransom〕American poet and critic. The founder and editor (1939-1959) of theKenyon Review, he was a leading proponent of New Criticism. His collections of poetry include Chills and Fevers (1924). 兰塞姆，约翰·克劳：(1888-1974) 美国诗人和评论家《凯尼恩评论》 的创始人和主编(1939-1959年）。他是新批评主义的领导人。他的诗集有 《冷与热》 等(1924年） 〔Rimbaud〕French poet whose hallucinatory work had a strong influence on the surrealists.兰波，简·尼古拉斯·阿瑟：(1854-1891) 法国诗人，他的幻想作品对超现实主义者有很大的影响〔Lowell〕American editor, poet, and diplomat. He edited theAtlantic Monthly (1857-1861) and served as U.S. minister to Spain (1877-1880) and Great Britain (1880-1885). 洛威尔，詹姆斯·拉塞尔：(1819-1891) 美国编辑，诗人和外交家。他主编了《大西洋月刊》 （1857-1861年）。并曾担任美国驻西班牙公使(1877-1880年）和驻英公使(1880-1885年） 〔George〕German poet who was influenced by Nietzsche and the French symbolists. He wrote stylistically innovative poems, published inThe Year of the Soul (1897) and other collections. 乔治，斯忒藩：(1868-1933) 德国诗人，受尼采和法国象征主义作家影响，作诗风格新颖，出版了《心灵的岁月》 （1897年）及其它诗集 〔Klopstock〕German poet whose unrhymed classically structured works, notably the epicThe Messiah (1748-1773), influenced Goethe and the development of German literature. 克洛普施托克，弗雷德里希·戈特里布：(1724-1803) 德国诗人。他的不押韵的古典结构的作品，其中有著名史诗《救世主》 （1748-1773年），影响了歌德和德国文学的发展 〔whale〕The poet whaled away at the critics.诗人对批评者们进行了猛烈的攻击〔Thomas〕Welsh poet known for his bardic voice experiments with syllabic verse. He wrote highly personal poems, such as "Fern Hill" (1946), as well as essays, short fiction, and works for radio, includingUnder Milk Wood (1954). 托马斯，迪伦·莫尔莱斯：(1914-1953) 以游唱的独音节诗而著名的威尔士诗人，主要创作“佛恩山”(1946年）等与人性有关的诗和《牛奶桶下》 （1954年）等散文、短篇小说及广播剧 〔Marvell〕English metaphysical poet whose frequently satirical work includes the poems "To His Coy Mistress" (1650) and "The Definition of Love" (1681).马韦尔，安德鲁：(1621-1678) 英国玄学派诗人，其讽刺性作品包括诗歌“致羞涩的情人”(1650年）和“爱的定义”(1681年）〔limerick〕Etymologies can sometimes be a bit disappointing,as, for example,when one is told thatlimerick is named after a city or county in Ireland without being told why it is so named.Unfortunately, we run into a difficulty here that is not uncommonly faced by etymologists,namely, that no one is precisely sure why this piece of humorous verse was so named.One theory is that it was named for a group of poets who wrote in Limerick in the 18th century;another, that it came from a custom at parties of making up a nonsense verse and following it with a chorus of "Will you come up to Limerick.”In any case,the first limericks appeared in books published in 1820 and 1821,and the form was popularized by Edward Lear in a collection published in 1846.The word itself, however, is not recorded until 1896.Let us sum up by saying:"There once was a verse form named limerick./No one can account for the name of it./Some think from a game/Or from poets it came./If you know please come up to Limerick.”查看词源学后会经常令我们失望，这是因为，比如，当某人得知limerick 是由爱尔兰的一城市（或一个郡的）名字而来， 却并不告知这样命名的原因。不幸的是，我们碰到了一个词源学家经常遇到的难题，那就是，没有一个人能确定为什么这种幽默的诗歌这样命名。一种理论认为它是源于18世纪在利默里克写作的一群诗人；还有一种看法认为它是源于一种集会上的风俗，这种风俗要求写完一毫无意义的诗后众人合唱“你将去利默里克吗”。不管怎样，1820年和1821年出版的这种五行打油诗集子广为流传，爱德华·利尔于1846年出版的集子使这种形式得到普及。但是，这个单词直到1896年才有记载。我们可以通过这么说来总结：“曾经有种诗的形式名叫利默里克。/但没有人能解释它的名字。/有人认为源于一种游戏/或源于一群诗人。/如果你知道就到利默里克来。”〔Ciardi〕American poet and critic noted for his clear, ironic poetry, works of literary criticism, such asHow Does a Poem Mean? (1960), and a translation of Dante's Divine Comedy (1954-1970). 查尔迪，约翰·安东尼：(1916-1986) 美国诗人和批评家，以其鲜明的讽刺性诗作和文学评论集而闻名，如《诗怎样表达意思?》 （1960年），和但丁作品的翻译 《神曲》 （1954-1970年） 〔Cibber〕English playwright and theatrical manager who wrote comedies such asThe Careless Husband (1704) and was appointed poet laureate in 1730. 西伯，科雷：(1671-1757) 英国剧作家和剧场经理，写有喜剧如《粗心大意的丈夫》 （1704年），在1730年被任命为御用诗人 〔Lowell〕American poet whose works includeLife Studies (1959) and The Dolphin (1973), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 洛威尔，小罗伯特·特雷尔·斯彭斯：(1917-1977) 美国诗人，他的作品包括《生命研究》 （1959年）和 《海豚》 （1973年），这两个作品使他获得普利策奖 〔Dowson〕British Decadent poet best known for his refrain "I have been faithful to thee, Cynara, in my fashion.”道森，欧内斯特·克里斯托夫：(1867-1900) 英国颓废派诗人，以名句“西纳拉，我以自己的方式忠实于你”闻名〔Angelou〕American poet, playwright, and novelist best known for her autobiographical novels, includingI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970). 安吉娄，马亚：美国诗人、剧作家和小说家，以其自传体小说闻名，包括《我知道笼中鸟为什么歌唱》 （1970年） 〔Theocritus〕Greek poet who composed the earliest known pastoral poems.里奥克利特斯：写出所知最早集成诗的希腊诗人〔Trumbull〕American poet noted for his satirical works, includingThe Progress of Dulness (1772-1773). 特朗布尔，约翰：(1750-1831) 美国诗人，以其讽刺作品而著名，包括《愚钝的历程》 （1772-1773年） 〔Chatterton〕British poet who fooled scholars by ascribing his poetry to a 15th-century monk, Thomas Rowley. Unable to support himself by writing, Chatterton became dejected and took his own life at age 18. His work and example influenced the romantic poets.查特顿，托马斯：(1752-1770) 英国诗人，曾称其诗为15世纪修士托玛斯·罗利所来愚弄学者。查特顿无法通过写作维持生计，以致穷困潦倒并于18岁自杀。他的作品及事例影响了浪漫主义诗人〔poetaster〕Latin poēta [poet] * see poet 拉丁语 poēta [诗人] * 参见 poet〔Lindsay〕American poet who traveled the United States exchanging poems for room and board. His volumes includeGeneral William Booth Enters Heaven and Other Poems (1913) and The Congo and Other Poems (1914). 林赛，（尼古拉斯）瓦契尔：(1879-1931) 美国诗人，以诗歌换食宿的方向遍游美国，其诗集包括《威廉，布思将军进入天堂及其它诗作》 （1913年）和 《刚果河及其它》 （1914年） 〔Hesiod〕Greek poet. The major epics ascribed to him areWorks and Days, a valuable account of ancient rural life, and Theogony, a description of the gods and the beginning of the world. 赫西奥德：希腊诗人。归于他写的主要史诗有关于古代农耕生活的有价值的叙述《工作与时日》 ，和关于众神及世界的起源的描述 《神谱》 〔Johnson〕British writer and lexicographer. The leading literary figure in the second half of the 18th century, he wroteDictionary of the English Language (1755) and Lives of the Poets (1779-1781). 约翰逊，塞缪尔：(1709-1784) 英国作家，辞书编纂者。他是18世纪下半叶最重要的文学界人物，著有《英语辞典》 (1755年）和 《诗人传记》 (1779-1781年） 〔Thespis〕Greek poet who reputedly originated Greek tragedy.泰斯庇斯：被认为创造了希腊悲剧的希腊诗人〔Zukovsky〕American poet and translator noted for his poemA , which he wrote throughout his life and which was published in its entirety after his death. 朱科夫斯基，刘易斯：美国诗人和翻译家，以其诗歌《A》 闻名，这部诗作耗费他一生心血并在其死后全部出版 |
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