| 单词 | 诗歌 |
| 释义 | 〔elision〕Omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable, as in scanning a verse.非重读元音或音节的省略，例如在标出诗歌格律时〔Parnassian〕Of or relating to poetry.诗歌的：属于或有关诗歌的〔sirvente〕A form of lyric verse of the Provençal troubadours satirizing political figures, personal rivals, or social morals.讽刺诗歌：法国普罗旺斯地区行吟诗人所创作的一种韵律诗歌形式，常对政治人物、个人的对手或社会伦理进行讽剌〔Lowes〕American educator and literary critic who wroteConvention and Revolt in Poetry (1919) and The Road to Xanadu (1927). 罗兹，约翰·利文斯顿：(1867-1945) 美国教育家和文学批评家。他写过《诗歌的传统与叛逆》 （1919年）和 《通往人间天堂之路》 （1927年） 〔Monroe〕American poet who founded and edited (1912-1936)Poetry, an influential magazine in which works of Marianne Moore, Wallace Stevens, and William Carlos Williams were first published. 门罗，哈里艾特：(1860-1936) 美国诗人，创办并编辑了(1912-1936年）有影响的刊物《诗歌》 ，其中玛丽安娜·摩尔、华莱士·斯蒂文斯和威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯的作品首次发表在该刊上 〔irrational〕Being a syllable in Greek and Latin prosody whose length does not fit the metric pattern.希腊和拉丁诗歌韵律学中中长度不符合格律的音节的〔Goethe〕German writer and scientist. A master of poetry, drama, and the novel, he spent 50 years on his two-part dramatic poemFaust (published 1808 and 1832). He also conducted scientific research in various fields, notably botany, and held several governmental positions. 歌德，约翰·沃尔夫贡·冯：(1749-1832) 德国作者和科学家。精通诗歌、歌剧和小说。他花了50年时间写了二部戏剧长诗《浮士德》 （出版于1808年和1832年）。他也致力于各个领域的科学研究，在植物学方面享有盛誉，并在几次政府担任职务 〔catalectic〕Lacking one or more syllables, especially in the final foot. Used of verse.最后音步缺少一个音节的：缺少一个或多个音节的，尤指在最后一个音步中。用于诗歌中〔synalepha〕The blending into one syllable of two successive vowels of adjacent syllables, especially to fit a poetic meter; for example,th' elite for the elite. 元音溶合：相邻的音节中两个相连的元音合为一个音节，尤指为使之符合诗歌音步者，如the elite 变为 th' elite 〔Emerson〕American writer, philosopher, and central figure of American transcendentalism. His poems, orations, and especially his essays, such asNature (1836), are regarded as landmarks in the development of American thought and literary expression. 爱默生，拉尔夫·沃尔朵：(1803-1882) 美国作家、哲学家和美国超越主义的中心人物。其诗歌、演说，特别是他的论文，例如《自然》 （1836年），被认为是美国思想与文学表达发展的里程碑 〔octave〕A group of eight lines of poetry, especially the first eight lines of a Petrarchan sonnet. Also called octet 前八行诗：诗歌中一组八行，尤指彼得拉克十四行诗中的前八行 也作 octet〔Guiney〕American writer whose poems and essays were influenced by the works of Tennyson and Hazlitt.吉尼，路易丝·伊莫根：(1861-1920) 美国作家，其诗歌及散文受到但尼生和海21兹利特作品的影响〔Albion〕England or Great Britain. Often used poetically.阿尔比恩：英格兰或大不列颠。常用于诗歌中〔Zweig〕Austrian writer of poetry, fiction, and sensitive psychoanalytic biographies, notablyThree Masters (1920), a study of Balzac, Dickens, and Dostoyevsky. 茨韦格，斯忒藩：(1881-1942) 奥地利作家，内容有诗歌、小说、敏感的精神分析传记文学，有名的《三位巨匠》 （1920年），曾研究过巴尔扎克、狄更斯和陀思妥耶夫斯基 〔metaphysical〕Often Metaphysical Of or relating to the poetry of a group of 17th-century English poets whose verse is characterized by an intellectually challenging style and extended metaphors comparing very dissimilar things. 常作 Metaphysical 玄学派诗歌的：属于或关于17世纪英国诗人的诗歌的，这种诗歌的特点是风格极具智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻来对比极其不同的事物〔echo〕Repetition of certain sounds or syllables in poetry, as in echo verse.重复：在一种诗歌格律中某些音节或发音的重复，如在重音格中〔scan〕In the 1969 edition ofThe American Heritage Dictionary a dead issue was buried by our Usage Panel, 85 percent of whom thought it was acceptable to usescan in the sense "to look over quickly,” though the note stated that this was less formal usage.The usage issue was raised becausescan in an earlier sense meant "to examine closely.” From a historical perspective it is easy to see how these two opposite senses ofscan developed. The source of our word, Latinscandere, which meant "to climb,” came to mean "to scan a verse of poetry,” because one could beat the rhythm by lifting and putting down one's foot.The Middle English verbscannen, derived from scandere, came into Middle English in this sense (first recorded in a text composed before 1398). In the 16th century this highly specialized sense having to do with the close analysis of verse developed other senses,such as "to criticize, examine minutely, interpret, perceive.” From these senses having to do with examination and perception,it was an easy step to the sense "to look at searchingly" (first recorded in 1798),perhaps harking back still to the careful, detailed work involved in analyzing prosody.But a thorough search can change into a quick one, as it seems to have done in the case of the verbscan. 在1969年版的美国传统词典 中，我们的用法委员会放弃了一个已废弃的争议， 其中85%的人认为scan 意为“快速浏览”是可接受的， 虽然注释上说这是非正式的用法。之所以这么用是因为scan 在较早的意义上表示“仔细检查”。 从历史的角度了解scan 的两个相反意思如何发展是容易的。 这个单词的词源是拉丁语scandere ，意为“攀登”，后又演化为“标出诗之格律”， 因为人们可以通过抬起或放下脚来打拍子。中世纪英语动词scannen 即是在这个意义上从 scandere 转化而来的（首次被记载在一本1398年之前编辑的教科书上）。 在16世纪这个已经高度专门化并且用来表示仔细分析诗歌的词语又发展出了其它的意项，如“批评、细致入微地检查、翻译或理解”。从这些表示检查和察觉的意思，很容易就过渡到“细察”(1798年首次被记载）的意义，也可能返回到仔细分析诗体的细微工作。但就象这个动词scan 一样，彻底地搜查可能变成快速地浏览 〔metaphrast〕One who renders a text into a different form, as by recasting prose in verse.转译者：将文章翻译成另一种形式的人，如将诗歌改写成散文〔Whittier〕American poet. His early works, such asVoices of Freedom (1846), reflect his opposition to slavery, but he is best known for his nostalgic poems about New England, including Snow-Bound (1866). 惠蒂埃，约翰·格林利夫：(1807-1892) 美国诗人。其早期作品，如《自由的声音》 （1846年），反映了他对奴隶制的反对,但他最著名的作品是对新英格兰的怀旧诗歌，包括 《大雪封门》 （1866年） 〔hard〕"All poetry is difficult to read,/—The sense of it is, anyhow" (Robert Browning).“诗歌总是难读的／无论如何，它的意义如此” （罗伯特·布朗宁）。〔sonnet〕from Old Provençal sonet [diminutive of] son [song] 源自 古普罗旺斯语 sonet son的小后缀 [诗歌] 〔lyric〕Of or relating to a category of poetry that expresses subjective thoughts and feelings, often in a songlike style or form.抒情诗的：表达内心思想和感情的一种诗的或与之有关的，常以诗歌的风格或形式出现〔Wilcox〕American writer whose works include sentimental poetry, such asPoems of Passion (1883), fiction, and spiritual essays. 威尔科克斯，埃拉·惠勒：(1850-1919) 美国作家。她的作品有伤感主义诗歌，如《激情诗集》 (1883年），小说和宗教小品文 〔fit〕A section of a poem or ballad.诗歌或民谣的一节〔hero〕The principal male character in a novel, poem, or dramatic presentation.See Usage Note at heroine 男主人公：在小说、诗歌或戏剧表演中的主要男性角色 参见 heroine〔Baudelaire〕French writer, translator, and critic. His only volume of poetry,Les Fleurs du Mal (1857, expanded 1861), was publicly condemned as obscene but exerted an enormous influence over later symbolist and modernist poets such as T.S. Eliot. 波德莱尔，查尔斯·皮埃尔：(1821-1867) 法国的作家、翻译家和评论家。他仅有的一本诗集,《恶之华》 （1857出版，1861年扩版）被认为系淫书而受到谴责，但是他对于后来的象征主义和现代主义诗歌产生了巨大影响，如T.S.艾略特 〔Blunden〕British writer primarily known for his poetry and the prose workUndertones of War (1928), reflections on his World War I experiences. 布兰登，埃德蒙·查尔斯：(1896-1974) 英国作家，因诗歌和反映其在第一次世界大战中经历的散文集《战争的低调》 （1928年）而闻名 〔Paz〕Mexican writer whose essays, includingThe Labyrinth of Solitude (1950), and volumes of poetry, such as Sun Stone (1957), often explore the Mexican identity. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize for literature. 帕斯，奥科塔维奥：(生于 1914) 墨西哥作家，他的文章如《孤独的迷宫》 （1950年）和大量诗歌如 《太阳石》 （1957年），常常探求墨西哥人的个性。获1990年度诺贝尔文学奖 〔Whitehead〕British writer whose works include poetry and plays, includingThe Roman Father (1750). He was appointed poet laureate in 1757. 怀特海德，威廉：(1715-1785) 英国作家，其作品包括诗歌及戏剧，有《罗马父亲》 （1750年），1757年他被授予为桂冠诗人 〔Moore〕American poet whose descriptive works, published inPoems (1921), Complete Poems (1967), and other collections, are characterized by wit, irony, and unconventional meter. 穆尔，马里安·克雷格：(1887-1972) 美国诗人，其描述性作品，发表于《诗歌》 （1921年）、 《诗歌全集》 （1967年）和其它一些集子中，以机智、讽刺和不因袭格律为特点 〔Helvetia〕An ancient region of central Europe occupying a plateau between the Alps and the Jura Mountains. It was named by the Romans for its predominantly Celtic inhabitants. Helvetia corresponded roughly to the western part of modern Switzerland, and the name is still used in poetic references and on the country's postage stamps.赫尔维西亚：中欧的一个古老地区，覆盖了位于阿尔卑斯山与侏罗山脉之间的一个高原。是罗马人根据势力强大的凯尔特人起的名字。赫尔维西亚大体上相当于今瑞士的西部，这个名字至今仍被使用于诗歌引文中及印刷于国家的邮票之上〔emblem〕An allegorical picture usually inscribed with a verse or motto presenting a moral lesson.寓意画：通常与诗歌或警句刻在一起给人道德教育的具有隐喻的图画〔Drinkwater〕British writer noted for his poetry, children's literature, and dramas, includingAbraham Lincoln (1918). 德林克沃特，约翰：(1882-1937) 英国作家，以其诗歌、儿童文学和戏剧著名，作品有《亚伯拉罕·林肯》 （1918年） 〔Romains〕French writer whose poetry, drama, and fiction, including the novel cycleMen of Good Will (1932-1946), express the belief that an individual is unimportant unless associated with some group. 罗曼，朱尔斯：(1885-1972) 法国作家，其诗歌、戏剧和小说表达了一种个人除非与某个群体联系在一起否则他是无足轻重的信念，作品包括系列长篇小说《善意的人们》 （1932-1946年） 〔sing〕sang his praises.用诗歌表示他的赞扬〔darling〕"Metaphysics and poetry . . . are my darling studies"(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)“玄学和诗歌是我衷爱的学科”(塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔里奇)〔Claudel〕French diplomat and writer whose works include poetry and a number of plays, such asTidings Brought to Mary (1912). 克洛岱尔，保罗·路易斯·查尔斯：(1868-1955) 法国外交官、作家，作品包括诗歌和大量剧作，如《给玛丽报信》 （1912年） 〔quatrain〕A stanza or poem of four lines.四行诗：四行的诗节或诗歌〔Bellay〕French poet. A founder of a group of poets known as the Pléiade, he wrote sonnets, satires on literary conventions, and a manifesto of the group's poetic principles.贝莱，乔基姆·杜：(1522?-1560) 法国诗人。作为“七星”诗人小组的创始人之一而著称，写过十四行诗，关于文学传统的讽刺诗，并写了该小组诗歌原则的宣言〔famously〕"Frost had famously declared that poetry is what gets lost in translation"(David Lehman)“佛斯特已经众所周知地宣布诗歌正是在转换中消失之物”(戴维·李曼) |
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