| 单词 | 该病 |
| 释义 | 〔schistosomiasis〕Any of various generally tropical diseases caused by infestation with schistosomes, widespread in rural areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America through use of contaminated water, and characterized by infection and gradual destruction of the tissues of the kidneys, liver, and other organs. Also called bilharziasis ,snail fever 血吸虫病：由血吸虫传染引起的各种常见热带病，在非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的乡村地区传播广泛，该病通过污染水的使用传播，其特征为肾、肝脏和其它器官组织的感染和逐渐损坏 也作 bilharziasis,snail fever〔Dick〕American medical researcher who teamed with his wife,Gladys Henry Dick (1881-1963), to isolate the germ that causes scarlet fever. They developed a serum for the disease (1923) and the Dick test for susceptibility (1924). 狄克，乔治·弗雷德里克：(1881-1967) 美国医学专家，他同他的妻子格拉迪思·亨利·迪克 （1881-1963年）合伙分离出猩红热的细菌。他们（1923年）发现一种用于该病的血清和迪克试验（1924年）用来检验猩红热易感染性 〔dieback〕The gradual dying of plant shoots, starting at the tips, as a result of various diseases or climatic conditions.顶枯病：植物的嫩枝从顶部开始慢慢死亡。该病是由于不同的疾病或气候条件造成的〔syphilis〕In 1530 Girolamo Fracastoro, a physician, astronomer, and poet of Verona,published a poem entitled "Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus,” translated as "Syphilis, or the French Disease.” In Fracastoro's poem the name of this dreaded venereal disease is an altered form of the hero's name,Syphilus. The hero, a shepherd, is supposed to have been the first victim of the disease. Where the nameSyphilus itself came from is not known for certain, but it has been suggested that Fracastoro borrowed the name from Ovid'sMetamorphoses. In Ovid's work Sipylus (spelledSiphylus in some manuscripts) is the oldest son of Niobe, who lived not far from Mount Sipylon in Asia Minor.Fracastoro's poem about Syphilus was modeled on the story of Niobe.Although the etymology involving Sipylus was known to the editors of theOxford English Dictionary, it was not accepted as their last word on the subject.C.T. Onions, one of the dictionary's editors, writing in theOxford Dictionary of English Etymology, says that “ Syphilus [the shepherd's name] is of unkn[own] origin.” Fracastoro went on to use the termsyphilis again in his medical treatise De Contagione, published in 1546. The word that Fracastoro used in Latin was eventually borrowed into English, being first recorded in 1718.1530年，吉罗拉莫·弗拉卡斯特罗，一位医生，天文学家，也是维罗纳的诗人，发表了名为"Syphius, sive Morbus Gallicus"的诗，译作“梅毒，或法国疾病”。在弗拉卡斯特罗的诗中，这种可怕的性病的名字是主人公名字 Syphilus（西弗乐斯） 的变体。 主人公是一名牧羊人，据认为是该病的第一个受害者。 Syphilus（西弗乐斯） 这一名字本身的来源并不明确， 但有人认为弗拉卡斯特罗是从奥维德的变形记 中借用的。 在奥维德的作品中，西皮卢斯（Sipylus）（有些版本写作Siphylus ）是尼俄柏的大儿子， 他住在小亚细亚的锡皮劳恩山附近。弗拉卡斯特罗的有关西弗乐斯的诗是以尼俄柏的故事为原型的。尽管牛津英语词典 的编者们知道有关西弗乐斯的词源， 这种词源解释还没有被最终确认下来。该词典的编者之一，C·T·奥尼恩斯在牛津英语词源 中写道“ 西弗乐斯 的词源不详”。 在弗拉卡斯特罗发表于1546年的医学论文传染病 中，他继续用 梅毒 这一词语。 弗拉卡斯特罗用的这一拉丁语词是终被借用进英语，其最早的记录出现于1718年〔Noguchi〕Japanese-born American bacteriologist who discovered the cause and worked toward a treatment of syphilis and yellow fever.野口，英世：(1876-1928) 日本裔美籍细菌学家，发现梅毒和黄热病的病因和治疗该病的方法 |
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