| 单词 | 该项 |
| 释义 | 〔tangible〕the tangible benefits of the plan.该项计划带来的实际益处〔Fosbury〕American athlete. He won a gold medal in the high jump at the 1968 Olympics, revolutionizing the event by going over the bar head first and backwards in what became known as the "Fosbury flop.”佛斯巴里，理查德：美国运动员。在1968年奥运会上获得跳高项目的金牌，其头部先过杆并朝后的跳法使得该项目产生革命性变化，被称为“佛斯巴里跳法”〔LeMond〕American cyclist who won the Tour de France three times (1986, 1989, 1990), the only non-European ever to win the event.拉蒙，格列高利·詹姆斯：美国自行车运动员，1986年、1989年、1990年的三次环法自行车大赛冠军，也是赢得该项目的唯一非欧洲人〔unpolished〕The service was friendly and unpolished.该项服务友好而不做作〔Seward〕American politician who as U.S. secretary of state (1861-1869) arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia (1867), a transaction long known as "Seward's Folly.”苏华德，威廉·亨利：(1801-1872) 美国政治家，作为美国国务卿(1861-1869年）安排了从俄国购买阿拉斯加省 (1867年），该项购买长期以来被称作“苏华德的愚蠢”〔itemize〕This benefit is available only to taxpayers who itemize.只有扣除税额的纳税人才能获得该项津贴〔Utzon〕Danish architect who won a competition to design the Opera House in Sydney, Australia (1957). He withdrew from the project in 1966, and the building was completed, though not entirely to his design, in 1973.伍重：丹麦建筑师，在设计澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院的竞争中获胜（1957年）。他于1966年退出该项目，该楼于1973年竣工，不过并非完全根据他的设计〔Lesseps〕French diplomat and engineer who supervised the construction of the Suez Canal (1859-1869). He directed the company that began the Panama Canal (1878) but abandoned the project because of bankruptcy (1888).雷赛布，费迪南德·玛丽·德：(1805-1894) 法国外交官和工程师，曾监管苏伊士运河工程的营造(1859-1869年）。他组织成立了承建巴拿马运河工程的公司(1878年），后因破产而被迫放弃了该项目(1888年）〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： |
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