| 单词 | 诺尔曼 |
| 释义 | 〔penthouse〕The wordpenthouse and the structure it denotes have both come a long way. The word goes back to Latinappendere, "to cause to be suspended.”In Medieval Latinappendere developed the sense "to belong, depend,” a sense that passed intoapendre, the Old French development ofappendere. Fromapent, the past participle of apendre, came the derivative apentiz, "low building behind or beside a house,” and the Anglo-Norman plural form pentiz. The form without thea- was then borrowed into Middle English, giving uspentis (first recorded about 1300), which was applied to sheds or lean-tos added on to buildings.Because these structures often had sloping roofs,the word was connected with the French wordpente, "slope,” and the second part of the word changed tohouse, which could mean simply "a building for human use.”The use of the term with reference to fancy penthouse apartments developed from the application of the word to a structure built on the roof to cover such things as a stairway or an elevator shaft.Penthouse then came to mean an apartment built on a rooftop and finally the top floor of an apartment building.单词penthouse 及其所代表的结构都经过了长期的演变。 此词可追溯至拉丁语appendere ， 意为“使悬浮”。在中世纪拉丁语中，appendere 的意思演变为“附属，依靠”， 是词形变为apendre 的意义， 由古法语appendere 发展而来。 从apendre 的过去分词 apent 产生出意为“房屋旁边或后面低矮的建筑”的派生词 apentiz 及盎格鲁-诺尔曼复数形式 pentiz 。 没有a- 的形式被借用到中世纪英语， 变成pentis （首次记载于1300年）， 用作加在建筑上的小棚或单倾斜面的小屋。因为这些结构常有斜屋顶，因此该词与法语词pente “斜面”有关， 且此词的第二部分变成house ， 只简单地意为“住人的建筑”。该词与使人想象楼顶房屋有关的使用源自需要用一个词来表示建在屋顶上用来遮挡楼梯或电梯通道的建筑。Penthouse 于是逐渐意为建在屋顶上的房间， 最终意为一个公寓楼的顶层〔Lockyer〕British astronomer who founded and was the first editor (1869-1919) ofNature magazine. 洛克耶，约瑟夫·诺尔曼：(1836-1920) 英国天文学家，他创立了《自然》 杂志（1869-1919年），并任第一任主编 〔Haworth〕British biochemist. He shared a 1937 Nobel Prize for his research on carbohydrates and vitamin C.霍沃斯，沃尔特·诺尔曼：(1883-1950) 英国生物化学家，因其在碳水化合物和维生素C方面的研究而获1937年诺贝尔奖〔Peale〕American cleric known for his popular self-help bookThe Power of Positive Thinking (1952). 皮尔，诺尔曼·文森特：(生于 1898) 美国著名教士，他自己出版的书《积极思维的力量》 （1952年）很受欢迎 〔geld〕A tax paid to the crown by English landholders under Anglo-Saxon and Norman kings.捐税：盎格鲁-撒克逊和诺尔曼王朝时期英国地主向君王交纳的捐税〔Neumann〕Hungarian-born American mathematician who contributed to the game theory and cybernetics.诺尔曼，约翰·冯：(1903-1957) 匈牙利裔美国数学家，他致力于研究过程论和控制论，并有相当贡献〔Thomas〕American socialist leader. A founder of the American Civil Liberties Union (1920), he was the Socialist Party candidate for President six times between 1928 and 1948.托马斯，诺尔曼·马图恩：(1884-1968) 美国社会主义领袖，作为美国公民自由联盟(1920年）的创始人于1928至1948年间六次作为社会主义党的总统候选人〔Norman〕American operatic soprano acclaimed for her versatility and diverse repertoire.诺尔曼，洁西：美国歌剧女高音，因其多变及多元的才艺而被称许〔England〕A division of the United Kingdom, the southern part of the island of Great Britain. Originally settled by Celtic peoples, it was subsequently conquered by Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes, and Normans. Acts of union joined England with Wales in 1536, with Scotland in 1707 to create the political entity of Great Britain, and with Ireland in 1801 to form the United Kingdom. London is the capital and the largest city of both England and the United Kingdom. Population, 46,220,955.英格兰：大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国的一部分，位于大不列颠岛南部。凯尔特人最早在此定居，随后罗马人、盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人、丹麦人及诺尔曼人相继征服英格兰。依据联合法案，1536年英格兰与威尔士合并，1707年同苏格兰合并，由此产生了大不列颠的政治统一体，并于1801年与爱尔兰联合形成联合王国。伦敦为英格兰和联合王国的首都及最大城市。人口46,220,955〔nobility〕"The old English nobility of office made way for the Norman nobility of faith and landed wealth"(Winston S. Churchill)“执政的旧英国贵族让位给忠实而且富有的诺尔曼贵族”(温斯顿S.丘吉尔) |
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