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单词 诺贝尔文学奖
释义 〔Tagore〕Bengali writer known especially for his collection of poetryGitanjali (1912), based on traditional Hindu themes. He won the 1913 Nobel Prize for literature. 泰戈尔,拉宾德拉纳斯:(1861-1941) 孟加拉语作家,尤以其诗集《吉檀迦利》 (1912年)闻名。他获得1913年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Steinbeck〕American writer of short stories and novels, most notablyThe Grapes of Wrath (1939), which concerns the social and economic plight of migrant farm workers in California. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature. 斯坦贝克,约翰·恩斯特:(1902-1968) 美国短篇小说作家,最著名作品《愤怒的葡萄》 (1939年),是关于加利福尼亚移民农场工人的社会和经济上的困境,他获得1962年诺贝尔文学奖 〔White〕Australian writer whose powerfully descriptive and original novels includeThe Tree of Man (1955) and Voss (1957). He won the 1973 Nobel Prize for literature. 怀特,帕特里克:(1912-1990) 澳大利亚作家,其强有力地具描述性及独创性的小说包括《人类之树》 (1955年)及 《沃斯》 (1957年)。他获得1973年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Laxness〕Icelandic novelist whose works includeIndependent People (1935) and Iceland's Bell (1943-1946). He won the 1955 Nobel Prize for literature. 拉克斯内斯,哈尔道·吉尔安:(生于 1902) 冰岛小说家,其作品包括《独立的人们》 (1935年)和 《冰岛的钟声》 (1943-1946年)。获得了1955年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Johnson〕Swedish writer whose works, notably four semiautobiographical novels collectively titledNovels of Olaf (1934-1937), concern his impoverished youth and sociopolitical issues. He shared the 1974 Nobel Prize for literature. 约翰逊,埃温德:(1900-1976) 瑞典作家,他最重要的作品是合称为《奥拉夫的小说》 (1934-1937年)的四部半自传性小说,他的作品涉及到他贫困的青年时期以及社会政治问题。1974年获得诺贝尔文学奖 〔Galsworthy〕British writer. Author ofThe Forsyte Saga (1906-1921) and many other Forsyte stories, he won the 1932 Nobel Prize for literature. 高尔斯华绥,约翰:(1867-1933) 英国作家。著有《福赛特家史》 (1906-1921年)和其它许多 《福赛特》 故事,于1932年获得了诺贝尔文学奖 〔Lagerkvist〕Swedish writer whose novels, includingThe Hangman (1933) and The Dwarf (1944), explore morality and the search for belief. He won the 1951 Nobel Prize for literature. 拉格尔克维斯特,派尔·法比安:(1891-1974) 瑞典作家,其小说包括《刽子手》 (1933年)和 《侏儒》 (1944年),主要探索道德和追求信念。1951年他获得诺贝尔文学奖 〔Carducci〕Italian poet considered the national poet of modern Italy. He won the 1906 Nobel Prize for literature.卡尔杜齐,吉奥苏:(1835-1907) 意大利诗人,被看作是现代意大利民族诗人,曾获1906年度诺贝尔文学奖〔Agnon〕Polish-born Israeli writer. His dramatic novels, written in Hebrew, includeA Guest for the Night (1939). He shared the 1966 Nobel Prize for literature. 阿格农,希穆尔·约瑟夫:(1888-1970) 波兰裔以色列作家。用希伯来文写作,其戏剧小说包括《夜晚的客人》 (1939年)。于1966年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Mauriac〕French writer many of whose novels, notablyThérèse Desqueyroux (1927), are psychological studies of temptation, sin, and redemption in the lives of bourgeois characters. He won the 1952 Nobel Prize for literature. 莫里亚克,弗朗索瓦:(1885-1970) 法国作家,其著名作品《黛丽丝德克罗》 (1927年)对资产阶级人物生活中的诱惑、罪恶和赎罪进行了心理上的研究。他获得1952年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Lewis〕American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, includingBabbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature. 刘易斯,(哈里)辛克莱:(1885-1951) 美国小说家,在他的二十二部作品中讽刺了美国中产阶级。著作包括《巴比特》 (1922年)和 《艾尔玛·甘特利》 (1927年)。他是美国第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的人(1930年) 〔Sholokhov〕Russian writer whose four-part novelAnd Quiet Flows the Don (1928-1940) concerns the effect of World War I and the Russian Revolution on Cossack life. He won the 1965 Nobel Prize for literature. 萧洛霍夫,米克海尔·亚力山德罗维奇:(1905-1984) 苏联作家,他的小说《静静的顿河》 (1928-1940年)共分成四部,描写了一次世界大战和俄国十月革命对哥萨克人生活的影响。他获得了1965年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Simon〕French writer who was a proponent of the antinovel. He won the 1985 Nobel Prize for literature.西蒙,克劳德·叶甫盖尼·亨利:(生于 1913) 法国作家,是反小说的倡导者获1985年诺贝尔文学奖〔Neruda〕Chilean poet and diplomat whose literary tone of despair, evident in his early works, evolved into one reflecting the socialist commitment of the government of Salvador Allende. He won the 1971 Nobel Prize for literature.聂鲁达,帕布罗:(1904-1973) 智利诗人和外交家。他的早期作品带有明显的失意情调,其内容后发展成对萨尔瓦多艾伦德政府主张献身社会主义的反映,获得了1971年诺贝尔文学奖〔Kawabata〕Japanese writer whose novels, includingThousand Cranes (1959), often concern alienated, lonely individuals in search of beauty and purity. He won the 1968 Nobel Prize for literature. 川端,康成:(1899-1972) 日本作家,其小说包括《千鹤》 (1959年),常刻划一些寻求美与纯洁的异化了的孤独人物。1968年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Paz〕Mexican writer whose essays, includingThe Labyrinth of Solitude (1950), and volumes of poetry, such as Sun Stone (1957), often explore the Mexican identity. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize for literature. 帕斯,奥科塔维奥:(生于 1914) 墨西哥作家,他的文章如《孤独的迷宫》 (1950年)和大量诗歌如 《太阳石》 (1957年),常常探求墨西哥人的个性。获1990年度诺贝尔文学奖 〔Hamsun〕Norwegian writer whose novels includeHunger (1890) and The Growth of the Soil (1917). He won the 1920 Nobel Prize for literature. 汉姆生,努:(1859-1952) 挪威作家,作品包括《饥饿》 (1890年)和 《大地的成长》 (1917年)。他获得1920年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Cela〕Spanish writer who is best known for developingtremendismo, a style by which novels culminate in violence and terror, as in his early work The Family of Pascal Duarte (1942). He won the 1989 Nobel Prize for literature. 塞拉,卡米诺·荷西:西班牙作家,以其创造的《恐怖主义》 (即将暴力和恐怖发挥到极致的小说风格)闻名,如早期作品 《巴斯考·杜阿尔特一家》 (1942年)。他获得1989年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Canetti〕Bulgarian-born writer whose works, all written in German, include a novel,The Tower of Babel (1935), and Crowds and Power (1960), a study of mass psychology. He won the 1981 Nobel Prize for literature. 卡内提,伊莱亚斯:(生于 1905) 保加利亚裔作家,其作品全部用德文写成,包括小说《巴别塔》 (1935年)和一本关于大众心理学研究的专著 《群众和权力》 (1960年)。他于1981年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Karlfeldt〕Swedish poet whose works, written in an archaic style, are based on Swedish custom and folklore. He refused the Nobel Prize for literature in 1918 but won it posthumously in 1931.卡尔费尔特,埃里克·阿克塞尔:(1864-1931) 瑞典诗人,其诗作用古体写成,以瑞典的习俗和民间传说为基础。他拒绝接受1918年的诺贝尔文学奖,死后却荣获1931年度诺贝尔文学奖〔Pasternak〕Russian writer whoseDoctor Zhivago (1957), a novel of disillusionment with the Russian Revolution, was banned by Soviet authorities. He was forced to refuse the 1958 Nobel Prize for literature. 巴斯特纳克,鲍里斯·列昂尼多维奇:(1890-1960) 俄国作家,他的小说《奇瓦哥医生》 (1957年)描写了俄国革命的幻灭,被苏联当局查禁。他被迫拒绝接受1958年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Hemingway〕American writer. A World War I ambulance driver, journalist, adventurer, and expatriate in Paris during the 1920's, he wrote short stories and novels, such asThe Sun Also Rises (1926), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), and The Old Man and the Sea (1952), that concern courageous, lonely characters and are marked by his terse literary style. He won the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature. 海明威,欧内斯特·米勒:(1899-1961) 美国作家。第一次世界大战期间先后做过救护车司机、新闻记者、探险家和被驱逐者,本世纪20年代移居巴黎从事短篇小说和小说的写作,作品有《太阳照样升起》 (1926年), 《表钟为谁鸣》 (1940年),及 《老人与海》 (1952年)等,作品大都描写英勇无畏而孤独的人物,带有精炼的文学风格。他1954年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Mommsen〕German historian whose best-known work is the three-volumeHistory of Rome (1854-1856). He won the 1902 Nobel Prize for literature. 蒙森,狄奥多尔:(1817-1903) 德国历史学家,其最著名的作品为三卷《罗马史》 (1854-1856年)。它曾获得1902年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Fo〕Italian playwright noted for his socially topical, satirical works, includingAccidental Death of an Anarchist (1970) and Trumpets and Raspberries (1981). He won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1997. 达利欧,弗:意大利剧作家,因其以社会为话题的讽刺性著作而出名,包括《无政府主义者的意外死亡》 (1970年) 和 《小号与红莓》 (1981年)。1997年获得诺贝尔文学奖 〔Pirandello〕Italian writer best known for his playsSix Characters in Search of an Author (1921) and Tonight We Improvise (1930). Pirandello won the 1934 Nobel Prize for literature. 皮兰德娄,路易吉:(1867-1936) 意大利作家,以其戏剧最著名,如《六个寻找作者的剧中人》 (1921年)和 《今晚我们即席演奏》 (1930年)。皮兰德娄于1934年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Mistral〕Chilean poet whose works includeSonnets of Death (1914) and Tala (1938). She won the 1945 Nobel Prize for literature. 米斯特拉尔,加布里埃拉:(1889-1957) 智利诗人,作品包括《死亡十四行诗》 (1914年)和 《塔拉》 (1938年),1945年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Gjellerup〕Danish writer whose novels includeAn Idealist (1878) and The Pilgrim Kamanoto (1906). He shared the 1917 Nobel Prize for literature. 盖勒鲁普,卡尔:(1857-1919) 丹麦作家,他的作品包括《空想家》 (1878年) 《流浪者卡玛·诺托》 (1906年)。他获得1917年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Aleixandre〕Spanish poet. He won the 1977 Nobel Prize for literature.阿莱安德罗,维森特:(1898-1984) 西班牙诗人,1977年诺贝尔文学奖得主〔Shaw〕Irish-born British playwright. A founder of the Fabian Society, he wrote plays of iconoclastic social criticism, includingArms and the Man (1894), Pygmalion (1913), and Saint Joan (1923). He won the 1925 Nobel Prize for literature. 萧伯纳,乔治·伯纳德:(1856-1950) 爱尔兰裔英国戏剧家,作为费边社的一个创建者,他写了抨击社会的批评主义戏剧,包括《武器和人类》 (1894年)、 《茶花女》 (1913年)及 《圣女贞德》 (1923年),他获得1925年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Solzhenitsyn〕Soviet writer and dissident whose works, includingOne Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962) and The Gulag Archipelago (1973-1975), exposed the brutality of the Soviet labor camp system. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1970. 索忍尼辛,亚历山大·伊萨耶维奇:(生于 1918) 苏联作家和持不同政见者,其作品包括《伊凡的一天》 (1962年)及 《古拉格群岛》 (1973年-1975年),揭露了苏联劳改营的野蛮残酷。他于1970年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Yeats〕Irish writer who is considered among the greatest poets of the 20th century. A founder of the Irish National Theatre Company at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, he wrote many short plays, includingThe Countess Cathleen (1892). His poetry, published in collections such as The Winding Stair (1929), ranges from early love lyrics to the complex symbolist works of his later years. He won the 1923 Nobel Prize for literature. 叶芝,威廉·巴特勒:(1865-1939) 爱尔兰作家,被认为是20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。他是都柏林艾比剧院的爱尔兰国家剧院公司的创始人,他创作了许多短剧,包括《凯瑟琳女伯爵》 (1892年)。他的诗作成集出版,如 《回旋楼梯》 (1929年),内容从早期的爱情抒情诗到晚年复杂的象征主义作品。他获得了1923年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Quasimodo〕Italian poet whose early nostalgic works contrast with his later socially concerned poetry. He won the 1950 Nobel Prize for literature.夸齐莫多,萨尔瓦托:(1901-1968) 意大利诗人,其早期的怀旧作品与后期关注社会的诗歌形成了对比。他获得了1950年诺贝尔文学奖〔Beckett〕Irish-born writer whose novels includeMurphy (1938) and Malone Dies (1951). Beckett is known to a wider audience for his absurdist plays, such as Waiting for Godot (1952) and Krapp's Last Tape (1959). He won the 1969 Nobel Prize for literature. 贝克特,塞缪尔:(1906-1989) 爱尔兰裔作家,其小说包括《莫非》 (1938年)和 《马洛纳之死》 (1951年)。因其荒诞剧如 《等待戈多》 (1952年)和 《克拉普最后的磁带》 (1959年)而闻名。获1969年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Churchill〕British politician and writer. As prime minister (1940-1945 and 1951-1955) he led Great Britain through World War II. Churchill published several works, includingThe Second World War (1948-1953), and won the 1953 Nobel Prize for literature. 丘吉尔,温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞:(1874-1965) 英国政治家和作家,作为首相(1940年到1945年和1951年到1955年), 他领导英国度过了第二次世界大战。丘吉尔出版了许多著作,包括《第二次世界大战》 (1948年到1953年),获得1953年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Mistral〕French writer and leader in the revival of Provençal as a literary language. He shared the 1904 Nobel Prize for literature.米斯特拉尔,弗雷德里克:(1830-1914) 法国作家及复兴普罗旺斯语为文学语言运动的领导人,1904年与他人分享诺贝尔文学奖〔Seferiades〕Greek poet and diplomat whose poetic works are imbued with references to ancient Greek history and classical mythology. He won the 1963 Nobel Prize for literature.塞菲里阿底斯,乔高斯·斯泰连奥:(1900-1971) 希腊诗人和外交官,其诗作充满古希腊历史和古典神话的典故,获1963年诺贝尔文学奖〔Gide〕French writer noted for his diaries and novels, such asThe Immoralist (1902) and Lafcadio's Adventures (1914), which examine alienation and the drive for individuality in an often disapproving society. He won the 1947 Nobel Prize for literature. 纪德,安德鲁:(1869-1951) 法国作家,以其日记和小说闻名,如《不朽》 (1902年)和 《拉夫卡迪奥历险记》 (1914年),这些作品是对这个通常不令人满意的社会中的人与人之间的疏远和工作上的压力的一种审视。他获得1947年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Maeterlinck〕Belgian writer of poetry, a wide variety of essays, and symbolic dramas, includingPelléas et Mélisande (1892). He won the 1911 Nobel Prize for literature. 梅特林克,莫里斯:(1862-1949) 比利时诗人,作品取材广泛的散文家和象征派戏剧作家,作品包括《普莱雅斯和梅丽桑德》 (1892年)。他获得了1911年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Undset〕Danish-born Norwegian writer whose novels, including the trilogyKristin Lavransdatter (1920-1922), concern Catholicism and the struggles of women and are often set in medieval Scandinavia. She won the 1928 Nobel Prize for literature. 温塞特,希格里德:(1882-1949) 丹麦裔的挪威作家,她的小说有三部曲《克里斯汀·拉夫朗的女儿》 (1920-1922年),涉及天主教和妇女斗争,常以中世纪的斯堪的纳维亚半岛为背景。她获得1928年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Mahfouz〕Egyptian writer whose works include the novelsAutumn Quail (1962) and The Beggar (1965). He won the 1988 Nobel Prize for literature. 马福兹,纳吉布:(生于 1911) 埃及作家,其作品包括小说《秋日的鹌鹑》 (1962年)和 《乞丐》 (1965年)。他曾获1988年诺贝尔文学奖
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